Correlation between adhesion molecules on the surface of red blood cell membrane and red blood cell lifespan / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the correlation between red blood cell lifespan and adhesion molecules on the surface of red blood cell membrane, in order to establish a method to detect the duration of red blood cell storage. 【Methods】 10 samples(10 mL each) of fresh red blood cell, collectedf rom 10 healthy voluntary blood donors, were divided into 5 age groups (layers) by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The expression of CD47, CD44 and CD147 on the surface of red blood cell membrane in each layer was detected using flow cytometry. The variance of protein expression in each layer of red blood cells was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. 【Results】 The expression levels (%) of 3 adhesion molecules on the surface of red blood cell membranes from young to old were CD47: 14.44±2.61, 9.30±1.75, 7.84±1.49, 6.54±1.32 and 5.53±1.12 (P<0.01); CD44: 25.01±1.94, 19.22±1.52, 17.10±1.28, 15.18±1.11 and 13.56±1.08 (P<0.01); CD147: 33.46±1.99, 28.31±2.95, 23.83±1.59, 20.40±1.56 and 18.03±1.65 (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The expression levels of CD47, CD44 and CD147 on the surface of red blood cell membranes have showed a downward trend as the storage extended. These three protein adhesion molecules have showed a correlation with red blood cells lifespan, and could be used as detection markers of cell age.

Physiological Peculiarities of Erythrocytes’ Rheological Characteristics in Persons of the Second Mature Age at the Start of Regular Exercises after Lasting Hypodynamia

Introduction: Rheological characteristics of erythrocytes mostly determine the processes of microcirculation and metabolism in tissues. Investigation of their peculiarities in untrained people who began regular adequate exercises, can help to understand rehabilitation mechanisms after hypodynamia. Aim: To determine the changes of erythrocytes’ microrheological properties in those persons of the second mature age who had avoided exercises earlier and then began regular athletic training. Materials and Methods of Research: The group of observation was composed of 45 healthy people of both sexes of the second mature age who had avoided physical loads earlier and began regular exercises in the athletic section thrice a week. The 1st control group was composed of 42 people of both sexes of the same age who had regularly trained in the athletics section thrice a week for not less than 10 years. The 2ndcontrol group was composed of 46 people who had daily walked not less than 6 km in the course of the last 10 years. There was applied biochemical, hematological and statistical methods of investigation. Results: The start of regular exercises in persons with hypodynamia was accompanied by quantity lowering of acylhydroperoxides in their plasma in 3 months of observation by 14.8%, and in 6 months – by 23.4% reaching the level of both control groups. It took place against the background of strengthening of their antioxidant plasma activity in 6 months by 10.2%. During 6 months of physical training the group of observation was noted to have imbalance decrease of arachidonic acid metabolites: the level of thromboxane B2 in their plasma lowered by 10.7% and the level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α increased by 8.7%. It was accompanied by increase of nitric oxide metabolites by 8.9% in their plasma. Erythrocytes of persons from the group of observation in the course of 6 months were noted to have lowering of cholesterol level by 9.1% and acylhydroperoxides by 19.9% at the rise of common phospholipids in them by 6.2%. In 6 months the group of observation was noted to have the increase of erythrocytes-discocytes by 8.2% at quantity lowering of erythrocytes’ reversibly and irreversibly modified forms by 18.5% and in 2.1 times, respectively. At the same time, to the end of observation they were found to have the lowering of erythrocytes’ involvement into aggregates by 17.3% and the quantity of these aggregates by 39.3% at the increase of free erythrocytes by 13.5%. Conclusion: Persons of the second mature age who began regular exercises after lasting hypodynamia are characterized by gradual improvement of erythrocytes’ microrheological properties reaching the level of control groups.

Microrheological Properties of Erythrocytes in Persons of the 2nd Mature Age with Osteochondrosis of the 2nd Degree

The presence of osteochondrosis in a body negatively influences many blood indices. At the given state we consider to be very interesting some peculiarities of erythrocytes’ rheological characteristics which determine the processes of microcirculation and metabolism in tissues. Detection of their state at developing osteochondrosis can help in a fuller understanding of its progression mechanisms and search of variants of the given process’ inhibition. The aim is to estimate erythrocytes’ microrheological properties in people of the second mature age with osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree. Within our research, we took 37 healthy persons of both sexes of the second mature age and also 43 people of both sexes of the same age with osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree. We applied biochemical, hematological and statistical methods of investigation. The quantity of acylhydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-products in plasma of the examined persons with osteochondrosis surpassed the control values by 38.4% and 37.4%, respectively. It was accompanied by imbalance of metabolites of arachidonic acid: the level of thromboxane B2 in their plasma rose by 30.6%, and the level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α lowered by 15.9%. At the same time, the quantity of nitric oxide metabolites in their plasma lowered by 23.6%. The quantity of acylhydroperoxides in their erythrocytes rose by 30.0% and malon dialdehyde – by 36.7%. The people with osteochondrosis were noted to have content lowering of erythrocytes-discocytes in blood by 12.7%. At the same time, the quantity of reversibly and irreversibly changed erythrocytes’ forms in them increased by 35.7% and in 2.5 times, respectively. Erythrocytes’ aggregative properties in people with osteochondrosis turned out to be strengthened. It was pointed by the increase of erythrocytes’ summary involvement into aggregates by 32.9% in them and number growth of these aggregates - by 33.3%. People of the second mature age with osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree are characterized by strengthening of lipid peroxidation processes in plasma and erythrocytes. It is accompanied by worsening of erythrocytes’ microrheological properties. Given changes can negatively influence the processes of microcirculation and worsen the trophism of tissues, including spinal column, what promotes progression of osteochondrosis. So, it is necessary to search the variants of inhibition of osteochondrosis progression and lowering of its manifestations’ sharpness. At the same time, it’s very important to take into account the capacities of the tested medicinal approaches. Their impact on erythrocytes’ microrheological properties can be rather great.

Preliminary study on RC membrane permeability and mechanism of seven traditional Chinese medicine alkaloids such as berberine / 中国中药杂志

In order to analyze the law of membrane permeation of different alkaloids, seven traditional Chinese medicine alkaloids with different parent nucleus and substituent structures, including berberine, palmatine, sinomenine, matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, and tetrandrine, were prepared into the simulated solution with same molar concentration, and the membrane penetrating experiments with membrane RC1K and membrane RC5K were carried out. The dynamic transmittance, the total transmittance and the total adsorption rate of each substance were measured, and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the membrane surface before and after the membrane experiment were considered to predict and analyze the reason of differences in dynamic transmittance of different alkaloids. The results showed that there were significant differences in the dynamic transmittance of the chemical constituents of different alkaloids during penetrating the two membranes. The contamination degree on the surface of the membrane material was also different. The transmittance of the same compound through the RC5K membrane was larger than that through RC1K membrane. Within a certain range, the smaller the pore size of the membrane, the better the selective screening effect on the chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine. All the membrane surfaces were less polluted. The difference in transmittance between different substances on the same membrane showed a positive correlation with the difference in structural complexity, providing an experimental basis for the surface modification design in contamination control of membrane materials. In the design of membrane modified material, the surface properties of the membrane can be improved by grafting different polar groups, thereby changing the adsorption characteristics of the membrane surface. The pore size was designed accordingly to achieve the high transmittance and low pollution of the corresponding compounds.

Transformation of PPS induce M2 subtype to M1 macrophages / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study the positive expression rate of M2 subtype of macrophage cell surface molecules and the inflammatory factors of PPS in IL-4-induced M2 macrophage.Methods:The experiment was divided into 5 groups:blank control group, Model group,PPS groups(50 μg/ml,100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml).The expression of CD206 and CD23 was used as bio-maker to confirm IL-4 induced macrophages by treating RAW264.7 with 20ng/ml of IL-4.IL-4 induced RAW264.7 cells were treated with PPS of 50μg/ml,100μg/ml and 200μg/ml for 24 h.Then the expression of CD206,CD16/32 and CD40 were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the mRNA expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-10 and iNOS were detect by qRT-PCR.Results: After treated with IL-4,the positive rate of CD206 of RAW264.7 were high.After treated with PPS ,the rate of CD16/32 and CD40 in IL-4 induced RAW264.7 cells were high ,the expression of CD206 decreased,and the mRNA level of IL-1βand TNF-αincreased.Conclusion:RAW264.7 cells can be polarlized to M2 subtype macrophage by using 20 ng/ml IL-4.PPS enhances the mRNA of IL-1β,TNF-αand the expression of CD40, CD16/32 in IL-4-induced RAW264.7 cells .These results indicate that PPS can induce the M2 subtype to become M1 macrophages, can improve immune function of macrophages.

What should you know about limbic encephalitis? / O que deve saber sobre encefalites auto-imunes?

Autoimmune encephalitis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by a subacute impairment of short-term memory, psychiatric features and seizures. It is often associated with a variety of other neurological symptoms, and its differential diagnosis is wide, leading to challenges in its recognition. It used to be regarded as a rare disease, usually paraneoplastic and with poor prognosis. However, with the recent recognition of membrane-surface directed antibodies, it is now known that in a substantial proportion of cases there is no association with any malignancy and there is a good prognosis if treated. Hence, early recognition and prompt initiation of immunotherapies are of great importance.

A encefalite autoimune é uma doença inflamatória caracterizada por envolvimento subagudo da memória de curto prazo, presença de sintomas psicóticos e crises epilépticas. Dada a diversidade de sintomas na apresentação, o diagnóstico diferencial é um verdadeiro desafio. Anteriormente, era considerada uma doença rara, de etiologia paraneoplásica e com mau prognóstico. No entanto, com a recente descoberta dos anticorpos dirigidos à superfície da membrana, é atualmente reconhecido que uma grande parte dos casos não tem uma neoplasia subjacente e apresenta um ótimo prognóstico. Assim, o diagnóstico e tratamento imunoterápico precoces são de extrema importância.

Effects of Chlorhexidine Digluconate on Rotational Rate of n- (9-Anthroyloxy) stearic Acid in Porphyromonas ginginvalis Outer Membranes

The aim of this study was to provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of chlorhexidine digluconate. Fluorescence polarization of n- (9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid was used to examine the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate on differential rotational mobility of different positions of the number of membrane bilayer phospholipid carbon atoms. The six membrane components differed with respect to 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 16- (9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid (2-AS, 3-AS, 6-AS, 9-AS, 12-AS and 16-AP) probes, indicating different membrane fluidity. Chlorhexidine digluconate increased the rate of rotational mobility of hydrocarbon interior of the cultured Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membranes (OPG) in a dose-dependent manner, but decreased the mobility of surface region (membrane interface) of the OPG. Disordering or ordering effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on membrane lipids may be responsible for some, but not all of its bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions.