Percepción de autoeficacia y rendimiento en tareas de memoria operativa: Comparación entre adultos mayores y jóvenes / Perception of self-efficacy and actual performance in working memory tasks: A comparison between older and younger adults

Resumen La vejez se ha caracterizado por la existencia de una declinación natural de la memoria, como asimismo de su autoeficacia. La relación entre ambas ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones que confirman que la autoeficacia de la memoria afecta el rendimiento en tareas de memoria. Sin embargo, existe un grupo menor de investigaciones donde no se presenta dicha relación. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la percepción de autoeficacia de la memoria con el rendimiento en tareas de memoria en adultos mayores y jóvenes. Los participantes fueron 200 adultos mayores y 111 jóvenes universitarios quienes respondieron dos instrumentos: uno de percepción de autoeficacia de memoria, y otro de rendimiento en tareas memoria operativa y/o memoria de corto plazo, ambos instrumentos fueron construidos y adaptados de forma tal que fueran comparables entre sí. Los resultados muestran que los adultos mayores presentan un menor rendimiento en casi todas las tareas de memoria y una leve superioridad en la percepción de autoeficacia de la memoria, existe una relación significativa entre ambas medicinas. En cambio, en los jóvenes su percepción de autoeficacia fue levemente inferior, pero su rendimiento fue superior.

Aging has been characterized by a natural decline of memory, as well as by a decline in the perception of memory self-efficacy. The relationship between these two variables has been the subject of several studies, confirming that the perception of mnemonic self-efficacy affects actual performance on memory tasks. However, there is a smaller group of studies where this relationship has not been found. The objective of the present study was to compare the perception of self-efficacy of memory with performance in memory tasks in older and younger adults. Two hundred older adults and 111 university students participated in the study by responding two instruments: one Perception of Memory Self-Efficacy, and another one on Performance in Operational Memory tasks. Both instruments were constructed and adapted so that they be comparable. The results showed that older adults have a lower performance in almost all memory tasks and a slight superiority in the perception of memory self-efficacy, and a significant relationship was found between the two. On the other hand, in younger people's beliefs about their memory were slightly lower, but they performed better.

Percepción de autoeficacia y rendimiento en tareas de memoria operativa: comparación entre adultos mayores y jóvenes / Perception of self-efficacy and actual performance in working memory tasks: a comparison between older and younger adults

Resumen La vejez se ha caracterizado por la existencia de una declinación natural de la memoria, como asimismo de su autoeficacia. La relación entre ambas ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones que confirman que la autoeficacia de la memoria afecta el rendimiento en tareas de memoria. Sin embargo, existe un grupo menor de investigaciones donde no se presenta dicha relación. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la percepción de autoeficacia de la memoria con el rendimiento en tareas de memoria en adultos mayores y jóvenes. Los participantes fueron 200 adultos mayores y 111 jóvenes universitarios quienes respondieron dos instrumentos: uno de percepción de autoeficacia de memoria, y otro de rendimiento en tareas memoria operativa y/o memoria de corto plazo, ambos instrumentos fueron construidos y adaptados de forma tal que fueran comparables entre sí. Los resultados muestran que los adultos mayores presentan un menor rendimiento en casi todas las tareas de memoria y una leve superioridad en la percepción de autoeficacia de la memoria, existe una relación significativa entre ambas medicines. En cambio, en los jóvenes su percepción de autoeficacia fue levemente inferior, pero su rendimiento fue superior.

Aging has been characterized by a natural decline of memory, as well as by a decline in the perception of memory self-efficacy. The relationship between these two variables has been the subject of several studies, confirming that the perception of mnemonic self-efficacy affects actual performance on memory tasks. However, there is a smaller group of studies where this relationship has not been found. The objective of the present study was to compare the perception of self-efficacy of memory with performance in memory tasks in older and younger adults. Two hundred older adults and 111 university students participated in the study by responding two instruments: one Perception of Memory Self-Efficacy, and another one on Performance in Operational Memory tasks. Both instruments were constructed and adapted so that they be comparable. The results showed that older adults have a lower performance in almost all memory tasks and a slight superiority in the perception of memory self-efficacy, and a significant relationship was found between the two. On the other hand, in younger people's beliefs about their memory were slightly lower, but they performed better.

The Effects of the Older Adults' Depression on Metamemory and Memory Performance / 성인간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of depression on older adults' metamemory and memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 103 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Hultsch, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). Other data were collected by a testing method on the memory performance, such as the immediate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The average point of depressed older persons' metamemory is 3.2 on a 5 point scale and was significantly lower than nondepressed older persons' point of 3.6. Looking into each sub-concept of metamemory, depressed persons' points are higher in terms of task(4.1), but are lower in terms of change(2.3), locus(2.6), and strategy(2.9) in comparison with nondepressed persons' points. 2)Depressed older persons' memory performances are all significantly lower than nondepressed person's, especially in terms of face recognition task(t=7.26, p<.0082) and word recognition task(t=6.58, p<.01). 3) In both depressed and nondepressed persons, metamemory has a close correlation with all memory tasks. In particular, depressed older persons' correlation is higher across the board, especially in memory self-efficacy of metamemory(r=.36 - .49) in comparison with nondepressed persons. 4) According to the results of analysis on the relations between metamemory and memory performances of each memory task using canonical analysis, in the case of depressed older persons, strategy, locus, capability and task have high correlation with word recognition task and delayed word recall task. Also in the case of nondepressed persons, achievement, strategy, change and locus variable have high correlation with face recognition task and immediate word recall task. As mentioned above, depression variables have a negative effect on older persons' metamemory and memory performance. In conclusion, when we care for depressed older persons with less memory ability, we have to consider the outcomes of this study are relevant. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention in order to prevent memory loss and improve memory performance in depressed older persons.

Effects of a Memory Training Program Using Efficacy Sources on Memory Improvement in Elderly People / 간호학회지

This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program using efficacy sources. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 24 and July 18, 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age, sex, and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990), Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours. Task centered memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey (1989) and Meta Memory was measured by the MIA developed by Dixon et al. (1988) Memory performance was measured by the Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher task centered memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group (t=4.354, P=.0001). 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher metamemory scores as compared to the control group (t=4.733, P=.0001). 3. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher memory performance scores as compared to the control group (t=7.500, P=.0001). The memory performance involved an immediate word recall task, a delayed word recall task, a word recognition task, and the face recognition task. 4. In the experimental group, there was significant correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the metamemory scores (r=.382, P=.006), but the correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the memory performance scores and between the metamemory scores and the memory performance scores were not significant. The results showed that task centered memory self-efficacy, meta memory and memory performance improved following the Memory Training Program including the memory process, changes in memory with aging, and appropriate use of memory strategies. Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for improving memory in elderly people and, also, in people with complaints of memory loss. word list developed by Cho Sung Won (1995) and the face recognition task (Face Recognition Task developed for this study).

The Effects of Personal Characteristics and Metamemory on the Older Adults' Memory Performance / 성인간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of personal characteristics and metamemory on the older adults' memory performances and the effects of some factors on metamemory. The subjects of the study consisted of 102 old adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Based on contextual perspectives of the memory-aging theory and the previous foreign researches on memory, some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory(MIA questionnaire by Dixon, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). The other data were collected by the testing method on the memory performance such as the immeadiate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998),and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The level of metamemory is 3.4 points in the 5 point scale, the grades of the task and the achievement are relatively high and the grades of the change, the control, and the strategy are relatively low in the sub-concepts. 2. The significant variables to predict old adults' metamemory are depression level, age, sex, educational attainment and religious activity. 3. The strong variables to predict memory performances are memory knowledge, memory self-efficacy, age, religious activity. 4. The strategy, the achievement, the locus, and the change concept of the metamemory have high correlations with the immediate recall task, the delayed recall task, and the word recognition task. In conclusion, the enhancement strategies of metamemory and the support of social activities are independent fields for nursing intervention. Ultimately in this respect nurses' roles are very important in developing and performing some intervention programs for old adults' memory improvement, which have significant meanings in the field of nursing science.