Inclusión social de persona con trastorno mental en situación de calle: una intervención comunitaria

Introducción: Experiencia de una comunidad de barrio capitalino (Asunción-Paraguay), movilizada por la grabación de un corto documental a cargo de estudiantes de cinematografía, que inician un proceso de participación para mejorar la calidad de vida de una persona con trastornos mentales y discapacidad psicosocial en situación de calle, logrando su inclusión social. Objetivo : Identificar los elementos claves que favorecieron la participación comunitaria, derivando en el proceso de reinserción social de una persona con trastorno mental y discapacidad psicosocial para contribuir con estrategias innovadoras de modelos de atención basados en la comunidad con enfoque de derechos humanos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo de diseño narrativo, utilizando datos de la historia de una persona y la experiencia de una comunidad para describir, analizar e identificar elementos que se consideran claves para los resultados logrados. La experiencia comunitaria fue observada y registrada de cerca durante más de 4 años. Resultado: Participación comunitaria activa en torno a un objetivo colectivo impulsado por un proyecto cinematográfico logrando la reinserción social de una persona con trastorno mental o discapacidad psicosocial que se encontraba en situación de calle. Conclusión : El cine o arte generan un impacto emocional y sensibilizador que acompañados con estrategias sostenibles; facilitación, tecnología, recursos económicos, lugares de residencia o acogida, acompañamiento; permiten aprovechar y movilizar recursos comunitarios, con participación y enfoque de derechos humanos. El resultado en este caso es la inclusión social de una persona con trastornos mentales y discapacidad psicosocial, que se encontraba en el extremo de exclusión social: vida en calle por más de 20 años.

Introduction : Experience of a community from a neighborhood of the Capital City (Asunción-Paraguay), mobilized by the recording of a Short Documentary by cinematography students, who begin a process of participation to improve the quality of life of a person with mental disorders and psychosocial disabilities who are homeless, achieving their social inclusion. Objective : Identify the key elements that allowed community participation and the social reintegration process of a person with a mental disorder or psychosocial disability to contribute with innovative strategies of community-based care models with a human rights approach. Materials and Methods : A qualitative type study of narrative design, using data from a person's story and the experience of a community to describe, analyze and identify the key elements to the results achieved. The community experience was closely observed and recorded for more than 4 years. Results : active community participation around a collective objective driven by a film project, achieving the reintegration and social rehabilitation of a person with mental disorder who was in street situation. Conclusion : Cinema or art generates an emotional and sensitizing impact that, accompanied by sustainable strategies; facilitation, technology, economic resources, places of residence or reception, support; allows taking advantage of and mobilizing community resources, with participation and a human rights approach. The result in this case is the social inclusion of a person with mental disorders or psychosocial disabilities who was at the extreme of social exclusion; street life for more than 20 years.

Autolesión no suicida en población general: frecuencia y factores asociados en Paraguay

Introducción: La investigación sobre la autolesión no suicida permite aumentar la conciencia sobre este fenómeno, posibilita su detección temprana y la implementación de estrategias más eficaces en prevención y tratamiento. Esto conlleva a una reducción del sufrimiento individual, los costos económicos y el impacto en la sociedad en su totalidad. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y factores asociados a autolesión no suicida en una muestra de población adulta de Paraguay. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de asociación cruzada, de corte transversal y prospectivo. Una encuesta en línea fue difundida a través de redes sociales y aplicaciones de mensajería. Esta incluía preguntas sobre datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. La presencia de autolesiones se determinó a través de la versión en español de la escala Self-Harm Questionnaire. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para todas las variables. Para buscar asociaciones se utilizó la prueba chi cuadrado. Resultados: Participaron 241 personas (media de edad=32±12 años, 74,7% mujeres). Se encontró una frecuencia de autolesiones de 24,5% (n=59). De estos, el 91,5% había tenido ideación suicida al menos una vez. Se encontró asociación entre el nivel de ingresos y la frecuencia de autolesiones (χ

Introduction: Research on non-suicidal self-injury raises awareness of this phenomenon, enabling the early detection and implementation of more effective strategies in prevention and treatment. This leads to a reduction in individual suffering, economic costs, and impact on society. Objective: To determine the frequency and associated factors of non-suicidal self-injury in a sample of the adult population of Paraguay. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study. An online survey was disseminated through social networks and messaging applications. The survey included questions on sociodemographic and clinical data. The presence of self-injury was determined by using the Spanish version of the Self-Harm Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for all the variables. The chi-square test was used to examine associations. Results: There were 241 participants (mean age=32±12 years, 74.7%female). A non-suicidal self-injury frequency of 24.5% (n=59) was observed. Of these, 91.5% reported suicidal ideation at least once. An association was found between income level and the frequency of non-suicidal self-injury (χ

The impact of inclusion practices on the identity of people diagnosed with severe mental illness: Radio Nikosia / O impacto das práticas de inclusão na identidade de pessoas diagnosticadas com doença mental grave: Radio Nikosia

Abstract This article examines the discursive approach adopted by Radio Nikosia, highlighting its crucial role in the recovery of people diagnosed with severe mental illness. It examines how putting social representations aside has enabled Radio Nikosia to render agency to these social actors, acknowledging their capacity to construct, reconstruct and change their own identities. The geographic scope of the study comprises the Autonomous Community of Catalonia while the methodology followed is qualitative in nature, analysing programme audio and transcription, reports, academic articles, theses, and a participant interview. The aim of the analysis is to examine the significance of discursive practices in Radio Nikosia in modifying the permanence of identities anchored in severe mental illness. The results illustrate the practical use of radio as a powerful tool that both promotes social inclusion and impacts mental illness identity.

Resumo Este artigo examina a abordagem discursiva adotada pela Rádio Nikosia, destacando seu papel crucial na recuperação de pessoas diagnosticadas com doença mental grave. Examina como deixar de lado as representações sociais permitiu à Rádio Nikosia dar agência a esses atores sociais, reconhecendo sua capacidade de construir, reconstruir e mudar suas próprias identidades. O escopo geográfico do estudo compreende a Comunidade Autônoma da Catalunha, enquanto a metodologia seguida é de natureza qualitativa, analisando áudio e transcrição do programa, relatórios, artigos acadêmicos, teses e entrevista participante. O objetivo da análise é examinar o significado das práticas discursivas da Rádio Nikosia na modificação da permanência de identidades ancoradas na doença mental grave. Os resultados ilustram o uso prático do rádio como uma ferramenta poderosa que promove a inclusão social e impacta a identidade da doença mental.

Physical activity, depression, anxiety, and stress in adults and elderly in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil / Atividade física, depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adultos e idosos na pandemia COVID-19 no Brasil

The aim was to verify whether there is a relationship between physical activity habits and the indica-tion of associated risk for depression, anxiety, and stress in adults and the elderly during a period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A cross-sectional study, with data collection between October and November 2021, was carried out using an online form, with questions about sociodemographic data, physical activity practice before and during the pandemic, health status, mental health through the Scale of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DASS-21), and level of physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% and multiple correspondence analysis. The were 1044 men and women, aged between 18 and 75, from all over the national territory. Among them, 48.0%, 35.9%, and 61.1% showed an indication of associated risk for depression, anxiety, and stress, respec-tively. Adult participants 93.4%, female 66.8%, educational level up to undergraduate studies 54.2%, and single 57.5%, as well as those with a low level of physical activity 36.1% and who reported wors-ening in practice during the pandemic 53.9%, showed a greater risk indication for depression, anxiety and stress (p<0.05). In summary, physically active people who managed to maintain or improve their practice during the pandemic showed a lower indication of associated risk for problems related to mental health. It is important to consider the planning of public policies from the perspective of equity to help people with greater vulnerability in accessing physical activity

O objetivo foi verificar se há relação entre os níveis de atividade física e a indicação de risco associado para depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adultos e idosos durante um período da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Estudo transversal, entre outubro e novembro de 2021, foi realizado por meio de um formulário online, com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos, prática de atividade física antes e durante a pandemia, estado de saúde, saúde mental - Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) e nível de atividade física - Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste Qui-Quadrado com nível de significância de 5% e análise de correspondência múltipla. Participaram 1044 homens e mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 75 anos, de todo território nacional. Entre os participantes, 48,0%, 35,9% e 61,1% apresentaram indicação de risco associado para depressão, ansiedade e estresse, res-pectivamente. Os participantes adultos 93,4%, do gênero feminino 66,8%, nível de escolaridade até o ensino superior 54,2% e solteiros 57,5%, bem como os com nível baixo de atividade física 36,1% e que relataram piora na prática durante a pandemia 53,9% apresentaram maior indicação de risco para depressão, ansieda-de e estresse (p<0,05). Em síntese, pessoas fisicamente ativas e que conseguiram manter ou melhorar a prática durante a pandemia, apresentaram menor indicação de risco associado para problemas relacionados à saúde mental. É importante considerar o planejamento de políticas públicas sob a ótica da equidade, para auxiliar pessoas com maior vulnerabilidade no acesso à atividade física

Guia da gestão autônoma da medicação como ferramenta educativa do enfermeiro na atenção psicossocial / Guide to the autonomous medication management as an educational tool for nurses in psychosocial care / Guía para la gestión autónoma de medicamentos como herramienta educativa para enfermeros en atención psicossocial

Objetivo: analisar as repercussões da intervenção educativa do enfermeiro com o uso do Guia da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação para usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com referencial metodológico na Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, realizado com 27 usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial que participaram de grupos de intervenção educativa. Empregou-se o princípio da triangulação dos dados, com quatro diferentes fontes de dados, observação participante, entrevista conversação, grupos e diário de campo. A análise dos dados envolveu processos de apreensão, síntese, teorização e transferência. Resultados: a intervenção educativa propiciou aos usuários mais empoderamento frente ao tratamento, organização de estratégias de enfrentamento dos problemas e cooperou para a cogestão do tratamento. Conclusão: o Guia da Gestão Autônoma da Medicação mostrou-se um instrumento importante no âmbito da educação em saúde para a prática assistencial do enfermeiro, e contribuiu para o compartilhamento de cuidado e de autonomia no processo de reabilitação psicossocial. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the repercussions of the educational intervention of nurses using the Guide to the Autonomous Management of Medication for users of a Psychosocial Care Center. Methods: qualitative study, with a methodological framework in the Convergent Care Research, carried out with 27 users of a Psychosocial Care Center who participated in educational intervention groups. The principle of data triangulation was used, with four different data sources, participant observation, conversational interview, groups and field diary. Data analysis involved processes of apprehension, synthesis, theorization and transfer. Results: the educational intervention provided users with more empowerment regarding the treatment, organization of coping strategies for the problems and cooperated for the co-management of the treatment. Conclusion: The Autonomous Medication Management Guide proved to be an important instrument in the context of health education for the nursing care practice, and contributed to the sharing of care and autonomy in the psychosocial rehabilitation process. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar las repercusiones de la intervención educativa de enfermeros utilizando la Guía para el Manejo Autónomo de Medicamentos para usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, con marco metodológico en la Investigación de Atención Convergente, realizado con 27 usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial que participaron en grupos de intervención educativa. Se utilizó el principio de triangulación de datos, con cuatro fuentes de datos diferentes, observación participante, entrevista conversacional, grupos y diario de campo. El análisis de datos involucró procesos de aprehensión, síntesis, teorización y transferencia. Resultados: la intervención educativa proporcionó a los usuarios un mayor empoderamiento con respecto al tratamiento, organización de estrategias de afrontamiento de los problemas y cooperó para el co-manejo del tratamiento. Conclusión: La Guía de Manejo Autónomo de Medicamentos demostró ser un instrumento importante en el contexto de la educación en salud para la práctica del cuidado de enfermería, y contribuyó a la compartición del cuidado y la autonomía en el proceso de rehabilitación psicosocial. (AU)

Association of sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, and sleep quality with COVID-19 fear in an elderly Brazilian population

Aim: This study determined whether COVID-19 fear is correlated with sociodemographic characteristics, general health, mental health, and sleep quality in an elderly Brazilians. Methods: Elderly people aged ≥ 60 years replied to an online survey containing questions about their sociodemographic characteristics; general health; levels of stress, anxiety, and depression; sleep quality; and COVID fear. Results: Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics (α = 5%). In total, 705 elderly people with mean age of 66 ± 5 years, and most (82.7%) respondents were women, graduated and from southeastern Brazil. COVID-19 fear correlated positively and moderately with sleep quality and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (all p < 0.001). It was associated with females. Elderly people from northern and northeastern Brazil and diabetics had increased COVID-19 fear (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 exists among Brazilian female old people, diabetics, increases anxiety and stress symptoms, and worsen sleep quality in elderly people

Rhabdomyolysis in adolescents with mental disorders during treatment： two cases report / 四川精神卫生

This article analyzed the laboratory indicators during the clinical diagnosis and treatment of two adolescents with mental disorders who developed rhabdomyolysis during hospitalization， so as to explore the risk of rhabdomyolysis occurring after mild to moderate exercise during treatment for adolescent with mental disorders and to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Compliance and factors influencing the treatment of diabetes mellitus in patients with mental disorders in a tertiary general hospital in Nantong / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the compliance and influencing factors of patients with mental disorders complicated with diabetes treatment in a third-class general hospital of Nantong City, and to provide theoretical basis for improving the compliance of patients with mental disorders complicated with diabetes treatment. Methods Among of 148 patients with mental disorders combined with diabetes admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected and divided into poor compliance group and good compliance group according to the investigation of diabetes treatment compliance. The blood glucose control of the two groups was compared, and clinical data of patients were collected from the medical record system. The independent risk factors affecting the compliance of patients with mental disorders and diabetes were analyzed. Results The levels of FBG, PBG and HbA1c in poor compliance group were significantly lower than those in good compliance group (P<0.05). The results showed that poor cognition of the disease (OR=2.649), paranoid psychosis (OR=0.371), low self-awareness and attitude score (OR=0.618), poor blood glucose control (OR=2.914) were independent risk factors affecting the compliance of patients with mental disorders and diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Conclusion The compliance of patients with mental disorders combined with diabetes in the treatment of diabetes is not high and the control of blood sugar is not good. Mental health service outlets should be added to actively control the blood sugar of patients, focusing on paranoid mental patients and strengthening the publicity and education of guardians, which can improve the treatment compliance of patients and contribute to the prognosis of patients.

Factors affecting physical examinations among patients with severe mental disorders in Shaoxing City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the proportion of physical examinations among patients with severe mental disorders and its influencing factors in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the evidence for improving the proportion of physical examinations among patients with severe mental disorders. @*Methods @#The epidemiological and clinical features of patients with severe mental disorders included in community management in Shaoxing City in 2022 were collected from Zhejiang Provincial Severe Mental Disorder Management Information System, including demographics, disease diagnosis and treatment, physical examination, and rescue and assistance. Factors affecting the physical examination were identified among patients with severe mental disorders using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 25 468 patients with severe mental disorders were enrolled in Shaoxing City in 2022, including 12 151 males and 13 317 females, with a male to female ratio of 0.91∶1, and the participants had a mean age of (54.34±14.71) years. Schizophrenia was the predominant type of severe mental disorders (15 419 cases, 60.54%), and 21 374 subjects participating in the physical examinations in 2022 (83.92%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=0.901, 95%CI: 0.832-0.975), urban areas (OR=0.506, 95%CI: 0.468-0.547), mental disorders due to epilepsy (OR=1.779, 95%CI: 1.104-2.866), hospitalized treatment (6 to 10 times, OR=0.523, 95%CI: 0.401-0.681; 11 times and more, OR=0.177, 95%CI: 0.108-0.288), special diseases in outpatient (OR=1.738, 95%CI: 1.597-1.891), receiving medical assistance (OR=2.851, 95%CI: 2.616-3.107), targets of the community care and assistance groups (OR=1.653, 95%CI: 1.471-1.857) and guardian (spouse, OR=1.777, 95%CI: 1.513-2.086; children, OR=1.277, 95%CI: 1.069-1.526; parents, OR=1.342, 95%CI: 1.143-1.576) were statistically associated with the proportion of physical examinations. @*Conclusions@#The proportion of health examinations was 83.92% among patients with severe mental disorders in Shaoxing City in 2022. Gender, residence, guardian, disease diagnosis, times of hospitalized treatment, medical assistance, special diseases in outpatients and target of community care and assistance groups were factors affecting health examinations among patients with severe mental disorders.

Wernicke's encephalopathy misdiagnosed as schizophrenia： a case report / 四川精神卫生

This article presents a case report of Wernicke's encephalopathy misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. The patient was hospitalized and diagnosed with schizophrenia at a local psychiatric hospital over a month ago. Twelve days ago， the patient gradually developed symptoms such as salivation， difficulty in eating， trembling hands， unsteady walking， glossoptosis and so on. The above symptoms were interpreted as drug-induced adverse reactions and managed accordingly， whereas the patient showed a poor response to treatment， and began to experience intermittent consciousness disorder. After referral to our hospital， findings were diagnostic for Wernicke's encephalopathy and peripheral polyneuropathy. Due to the progression of the disease， the family members abandoned further treatment and requested discharge from the hospital， and the patient died outside the hospital. This case report aims to improve the prognosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy in patients with mental disorder by raising the awareness of the disease and enhancing the early prevention.

Research progress on relationship between dietary inflammatory index and mental disorder / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper is to review the relationship between dietary inflammatory index and mental disorders， so as to provide references for nutritional interventions for patients with mental disorders. The high disability rate and intractability of mental illness bring huge economic burden and medical pressure to patients' families and society. Dietary nutrition is crucial to the rehabilitation of mental illness. As a new type of index to measure food pro-inflammatory index， dietary inflammatory index is closely related to the occurrence and development of mental illness. Therefore， this paper reviews the development， calculation and correlation with mental illness of dietary inflammatory index.

A method of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph / 生物医学工程学杂志

The causes of mental disorders are complex, and early recognition and early intervention are recognized as effective way to avoid irreversible brain damage over time. The existing computer-aided recognition methods mostly focus on multimodal data fusion, ignoring the asynchronous acquisition problem of multimodal data. For this reason, this paper proposes a framework of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph (VG) to solve the problem of asynchronous data acquisition. First, time series electroencephalograms (EEG) data are mapped to spatial visibility graph. Then, an improved auto regressive model is used to accurately calculate the temporal EEG data features, and reasonably select the spatial metric features by analyzing the spatiotemporal mapping relationship. Finally, on the basis of spatiotemporal information complementarity, different contribution coefficients are assigned to each spatiotemporal feature and to explore the maximum potential of feature so as to make decisions. The results of controlled experiments show that the method in this paper can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of mental disorders. Taking Alzheimer's disease and depression as examples, the highest recognition rates are 93.73% and 90.35%, respectively. In summary, the results of this paper provide an effective computer-aided tool for rapid clinical diagnosis of mental disorders.

The first generation and second generation antipsychotic drugs and their pharmacology in treatment of schizophrenia

In this review report, an attempt made to present an overview of schizophrenia & those drugs which are used in treatment of psychiatric disorders as well as some treatments for psychosis. In 1908, the schizophrenia word was coined by Eugen Bleuler (Swiss psychiatrist). The use antipsychotics as medication began from 1933 in France. Laborit and Huguenard administrated the aliphatic Phenothiazine, Chlorpromazine during surgery due to its potential anesthetic effect, in 1951. Thereafter, Hamon and Delay extended the use of this treatment in psychiatric patients. Due to abnormal brain structure & functioning occurs schizophrenia as well as psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia a condition in people unable to differentiate between real & imaginary world. In this article we all know about Schizophrenia & Antipsychotics drugs. In that include symptoms & their types, cause, risk factor, antipsychotics classification & their pharmacology etc. In that there are three types of symptoms namely positive, Negative, Cognitive. Exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown. In the treatment of Schizophrenia or psychotics disorders the physicians commonly used antipsychotic medicines or drugs to treat their symptoms. Antipsychotic drugs further divided into two major classes namely Typical & Atypical antipsychotics. Chlorpromazine is the first medicine or drug which is used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Clozapine is most effective or potent antipsychotics drug. Which is belongs to the atypical antipsychotics which are reducing the risk of schizoaffective patients. Physicians recommend a combination of antipsychotics along with psychotherapy. In this article we have covered Brahmyadiyoga is an Ayurvedic remedies.

Epidemiological profile of suicide attempts in a municipality in southwest Paraná, from 2017 to 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile and psychological disorder of the suicide attempt cases in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. METHODS: This is an epidemiological descriptive/qualitative study of suicide attempts conducted between 2017 and 2020. This study used data from the Brazilian Information system for notifications involving suicide attempts (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, SINAN) and 447 notifications were obtained. An analysis of the electronic medical record of these patients was performed in order to investigate the mental disorders, using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 447 notifications, 382 were eligible for the study. Using the 95% confidence interval, there was a higher frequency of females with 71.7% aged between 18 and 35 years representing 48.4%, with 77.2% white race/color, the singles appeared in the majority with 47.6% with a history of previous suicide attempts, using exogenous intoxication as a method in the attempt with 67.5%. Regarding mental health, 66.5% of the patients had some mental disorders, with the highest prevalence of recurrent depressive disorder found in 40.6%. CONCLUSION: It was observed that there is a need for training of health professionals and implementation of programs and preventive measures aimed primarily at females aged between 18 and 35 years with mental disorders, especially with recurrent depressive disorder and with a history of previous suicide attempt.

Perfil clínico e psiquiátrico de gestantes atendidas em uma unidade de saúde de Criciúma, Santa Catarina / Clinical and psychiatric profile of pregnant women treated at a health unit in Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Introdução: A gestação é um período transacional, que faz parte do curso natural do desenvolvimento humano e da renovação geracional. Esse período representa, para a mulher, o enfrentamento de desafios diversos e pode desencadear ou exacerbar transtornos psiquiátricos, podendo ser considerada a fase de maior incidência de alterações psíquicas na mulher. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é conhecer o perfil clínico e psiquiátrico de gestantes atendidas em uma unidade de saúde municipal do sul catarinense. Métodos: O presente estudo é do tipo observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, descritivo, com coleta de dados secundários e abordagem quantitativa, com registros que constam em prontuários de gestantes ali atendidas. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 179 gestantes com média de idade de 25,94 (± 6,43) anos e média de IMC pré-gestacional de 27,12 (± 6,01) kg/m² (sobrepeso), casadas (42,9%), escolaridade até o ensino médio (50,5%) e que possuíam alguma comorbidade clínica, principalmente hipertensiva (34,4%) ou diabetes mellitus (34,4%), exceto gestantes de baixo peso, nas quais há maior prevalência de asma. Sobre os transtornos psiquiátricos presentes, eram majoritariamente ansiosos e depressivos, sendo a fluoxetina o psicofármaco predominante. Conclusão: O perfil clínico e psiquiátrico de gestantes do presente estudo é de mulheres jovens, casadas, com sobrepeso, hipertensas ou diabéticas, que estudaram até o ensino médio, já possuem gestação prévia e não desejam a gestação atual. Entre as que possuem transtorno psiquiátrico, a maioria sofre de transtorno depressivo ou ansioso e são tratadas com ISRS. São sugeridos estudos para avaliar o desfecho do binômio mãe-feto e maior atenção à psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental.

Introduction: Pregnancy, a transactional period, is part of the natural course of human development and generational renewal. This period represents different challenges for women and can trigger or exacerbate psychiatric disorders. It can be considered the phase with the highest incidence of psychiatric changes in women. Thus, this study's objective was to determine the clinical and psychiatric profile of pregnant women treated at a municipal health unit in the southern region of Santa Catarina state. Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective observational descriptive study involved secondary data and a quantitative approach, assessing medical records of pregnant women treated at the clinic. Results: A total of 179 pregnant women were included, whose mean age was 25.94 (SD, 6.43) years and mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 27.12 (SD, 6.01) kg/m² (ie, overweight). A total of 42.9 % were married and the education level of 50.5% was less than high school. Most had some clinical comorbidity, mainly hypertension (34.4%) or diabetes mellitus (34.4%); there was a higher prevalence of asthma among those with low weight. The psychiatric disorders were mostly anxiety and depression, with fluoxetine being the most prescribed psychotropic drug. Conclusion: The clinical and psychiatric profile of this sample of pregnant women was young, married, overweight, hypertensive or diabetic women, with a less than high school education, previous pregnancies, and an unwanted current pregnancy. Most suffered from depressexualsive or anxiety disorder and were being treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Studies are needed to assess the outcome of the mother-fetus pair, focusing on cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.

Validez, confiabilidad y utilidad clínica de los trastornos mentales: el caso de la esquizofrenia de la CIE-11 / Validity, Reliability and Clinical Utility of Mental Disorders: The Case of ICD-11 Schizophrenia

RESUMEN Los sistemas de clasificación diagnóstica categorizan la psicopatología en trastornos mentales. Aunque estas entidades son constructos clínicos elaborados por consenso, se ha señalado que en la práctica se suele tratarlas como entidades naturales y sin valorar aspectos relacionados con su construcción nosológica. Los objetivos del estudio son revisar: a) la conceptualización de los trastornos mentales; b) los indicadores de validez, confiabilidad y utilidad clínica, y c) los valores de estos indicadores en la esquizofrenia de la CIE-11. Los resultados muestran que los trastornos mentales están conceptualizados como entidades discretas, al igual que las enfermedades de otras áreas de la medicina; sin embargo, se observan diferencias entre ambas categorías diagnósticas en la práctica clínica. La confiabilidad y la utilidad clínica de los trastornos mentales son adecuadas; no obstante, la validez aún no está esclarecida. De modo similar, la esquizofrenia de la CIE-11 presenta adecuadas confiabilidad y utilidad clínica, pero su validez permanece incierta. La conceptualización de la psicopatología mental en entidades discretas puede resultar inadecuada para su estudio, por lo que se han propuesto modelos dimensionales y mixtos. Los indicadores de validez, confiabilidad y utilidad clínica permiten tener una visión precisa del estado nosológico de los trastornos mentales al valorar distintos aspectos de su construcción nosológica.

ABSTRACT Diagnostic classification systems categorize mental psychopathology in mental disorders. Although these entities are clinical constructs developed by consensus, it has been pointed out that in practice they are usually managed as natural entities and without evaluating aspects related to their nosological construction. The objectives of the study are to review a) the conceptualization of mental disorders, b) the indicators of validity, reliability and clinical utility, and c) the values of these indicators in ICD-11 schizophrenia. The results show that mental disorders are conceptualized as discrete entities, like the diseases of other areas of medicine; however, differences are observed between these diagnostic categories in clinical practice. The reliability and clinical utility of mental disorders are adequate; however, the validity is not yet clarified. Similarly, ICD-11 schizophrenia demonstrates adequate reliability and clinical utility, but its validity remains uncertain. The conceptualization of psychopathology in discrete entities may be inadequate for its study, therefore dimensional and mixed models have been proposed. The indicators of validity, reliability and clinical utility enable us to obtain an accurate view of the nosological state of mental disorders when evaluating different aspects of their nosological construction.

Alternative medicine under the Mental Health Care Act, 2017: Future implications and concerns

In recent years, the Indian government has been promoting healthcare with an insufficient evidence base, or which is non-evidence-based, alongside delivery of evidence-based care by untrained practitioners, through supportive legislation and guidelines. The Mental Health Care Act, 2017, is a unique example of a law endorsing such practices. In this paper, we aim to highlight the positive and negative implications of such practices for the delivery of good quality mental healthcare in India.

Características sociodemográficas, clínicas y familiares de pacientes con trastornos mentales de una unidad médica familiar / Sociodemographic, clinical and family characteristics of patients with mental disorders in a family medical unit

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y familiares de los pacientes con trastornos mentales adscritos a una unidad de medicina familiar (UMF) mexicana. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, observacional, descriptivo, sobre 164 pacientes adscritos a una UMF mexicana, elegidos por muestreo no probabilístico que cumplieron criterios de selección: mayores de 18 años, con trastorno mental, sin impedimento físico o cognitivo. Resultados: Se presentaron 51 hombres y 113 mujeres con edad promedio de 48,6 años; 57% con más de un trastorno mental; los más frecuentes fueron depresión y ansiedad. En escolaridad sobresale licenciatura; 16% reportaron intento de suicidio, 42% tiene más de 6 años diagnosticado. El 64,6% recibe psicoterapia y farmacología; el 18% fue hospitalizado a causa de sus trastornos, gran parte de ellos entre 1 y 4 semanas y 38% tiene algún familiar con algún trastorno mental, Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron Hipertensión, obesidad, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia y artrosis. Los tipos de familia más frecuentes son: nuclear o nuclear simple, con núcleo integrado y núcleo no integrado; subsisten principalmente de los servicios; viven con niveles 1 y 2 de pobreza familiar; son modernas y urbanas en mayor número. Conclusiones: las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y familiares de los pacientes con trastornos mentales adscritos a una unidad de medicina familiar (UMF) mexicana son en su mayoría mujeres, en adultez media, que cursan con más de un trastorno mental (ansiedad y depresión), tratadas con fármacos y psicoterapia, además cursaban con hipertensión, y pertenecen a familias de tipo nuclear simple, de núcleo integrado y núcleo no; subsisten por servicios; viven con niveles 1 y 2 de pobreza familiar, son modernas y urbanas.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine the epidemiological, clinical and family characteristics of patients with mental disorders assigned to a Mexican family medicine unit (FMU). Material and methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study of 164 patients assigned to a Mexican FMU, chosen by non-probabilistic evidence that they met the selection criteria: older than 18 years, with mental disorder, without physical or cognitive impairment. Results: 51 men and 113 women with a mean age of 48.6 years were presented; 57% with more than one mental disorder; the most frequent were depression and anxiety. In schooling overselling bachelor's degree; 16% reported attempted suicide, 42% have been diagnosed for more than 6 years. 64.6% receive psychotherapy and pharmacology; 18% were hospitalized due to their disorders, most of them between 1 and 4 weeks and 38% have a family member with a mental disorder. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and osteoarthritis. The most frequent types of family are: nuclear or simple nuclear, with integrated nucleus and non-integrated nucleus; they subsist mainly on services; they live with levels 1 and 2 of family poverty; are modern and urban in greater number. Conclusions: the epidemiological, clinical and family characteristics of patients with mental disorders assigned to a Mexican family medicine unit (FMU) are mostly women, in middle adulthood, who attend more than a mental disorder (anxiety and depression), treated with drugs and psychotherapy, also had hypertension, and belong to families of simple nuclear type and non-integrated nucleus; subsist on services; they live with levels 1 and 2 of family poverty, they are modern and urban.

Research progress on Virtual Reality technology in social function assessment and rehabilitation of psychotic patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Based on introducing the concept of Virtual Reality technology, this paper summarizes the types, formation, and mechanism of the application of VR technology in the social function of patients with mental illness. It can be used as an evaluation tool for social function and has specific effects on rehabilitation. The paper also points out the existing problems, project development and quality evaluation to provide reference and guidance for further research and application in China.

Survey and analysis of current situation and influencing factors of self⁃stigma among patients with mental disorders in a district of Shanghai， China / 上海预防医学

Objective To describe the current situation of self-stigma in patients with mental disorders and investigate its related influencing factors. Methods Using cluster sampling method， general situation and self-stigma of 3 926 patients with mental disorders were investigated with a questionnaire. Results The average total score of stigma in patients with mental disorders was 32.81±14.41. There were statistically significant differences between social factors and occupation， economic status， mental symptoms and behavior involving violence， insight， medication compliance， adverse drug reactions， family monitoring， relationship between guardian and patient， and social participation and social function. There were statistically significant differences between ability factors and occupation， education level， marital status， diagnosis， past accidents and dangerous behaviors， mental symptoms involving violence， insight， medication compliance， disability assessment， implementation of guardianship subsidy measures， family guardianship， relationship between guardians and patients， and social participation and social function. There were statistically significant differences between treatment factors and occupation， marriage， diagnosis， mental symptoms involving violence， insight， medication compliance， adverse drug reactions， family supervision， relationship between guardian and patient， and social participation and social function. According to multiple linear stepwise regression analysis， factors with influence on the total score of stigma， in descending order， were adverse drug reactions， family monitoring， mental status and behavior involving violence， employment， medication compliance， and social function and social participation. Conclusion Patients with mental disorders have a high score of self-stigma， which is related to adverse drug reactions， family monitoring， mental status and behavior involving violence， employment， medication compliance， and social function and social participation.