Micobacteriosis atípica post mesoterapia / Atypical mycobacteriosis post mesotherapy

Resumen La utilización de procedimientos estéticos que mejoren la imagen corporal está en constante crecimiento, y también las infecciones asociadas a ellos, como las micobacteriosis atípicas. La meso terapia es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo que consiste en la aplicación de sustancias que buscan estimular la dermis y el tejido celular subcutáneo, para el tratamiento de la celulitis y el rejuvenecimiento de la piel. Reportamos un caso de infección micobacteriana posterior a una mesoterapia en glúteos y muslos que se presentó como abscesos subcutáneos, que respondieron satisfactoriamente al tratamiento antibiótico prolonga do con claritromicina y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. Se han informado infecciones asociadas a mesoterapia en España, América Latina y el Caribe, que tendrían posiblemente un origen común: la falta de controles sanitarios. Destacamos la importancia de estar alertados sobre estas complicaciones infecciosas y la necesidad de reforzar las medidas de seguridad necesarias para evitarlas.

Abstract The use of aesthetic procedures that improve body image is constantly growing, as well as infections associated with them, such as atypical mycobacteriosis. Mesotherapy is a minimally invasive aesthetic procedure that consists of the application of substances that seek to stimulate the dermis and subcutaneous cellular tissue, for the treatment of cellulite and skin rejuvenation. We report a case of mycobacterial infection after mesotherapy in the buttocks and thighs that appeared as subcutaneous abscesses, they responded satisfactorily to prolonged antibiotic treatment with clarithromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Infections associated with mesotherapy have been reported in Spain, Latin America and the Caribbean, all possibly related to lack of health controls. We emphasize the importance of being aware of these infectious complications and the need to reinforce the necessary security measures to avoid them.

Rejuvenecimiento facial con plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo / Facial rejuvenation with autologous platelet rich plasma

Introducción: La creciente necesidad de una piel de aspecto juvenil impulsa innovaciones continuas con procedimientos mínimamente invasivos. El plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo representa una terapéutica regenerativa incluida en el novedoso arsenal de intervenciones que buscan este efecto. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la terapéutica con plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo en pacientes con envejecimiento facial. Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 68 pacientes valorados con la escala para valoración clínica de fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo al inicio del tratamiento. Se sometieron a cuatro sesiones de plasma rico en plaquetas cada 15 días y una sesión adicional a los 3 meses de concluir el tratamiento inicial. Los pacientes fueron seguidos durante 6 meses al cabo de los cuales se volvieron a evaluar con el mismo instrumento. Resultados: Las edades estuvieron comprendidas entre 21 y 73 años con una media de 46,80 años, predominó el sexo femenino (89,9 %). Los resultados significativos en el tratamiento de las arrugas, los surcos, la textura de la piel y las lesiones cutáneas estuvieron relacionados con la mesoterapia con plasma rico en plaquetas. El procedimiento produjo una mejoría valorada a través de la escala para valoración clínica de fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo. Conclusiones: La terapia con plasma rico en plaquetas tiene buenos resultados en el tratamiento de pacientes con envejecimiento facial.

Introduction: The growing need for youthful looking skin drives continued innovations with minimally invasive procedures. Autologous platelet-rich plasma represents a regenerative therapeutic included in the new arsenal of interventions that seek this effect. Objective: Assess the results of platelet-rich plasma therapy in patients with facial aging. Methods: The sample consisted of 68 patients assessed with the scale for the clinical assessment of cutaneous photoaging (SCACPH). They underwent four PRP sessions every 15 days and an additional session 3 months after completing the initial treatment. The patients were followed up for 6 months, after which they were reevaluated which the same instrument. Results: The ages of the patients were between 21 and 73 years with a mean of 46.80 years, the female sex predominated (89.9%). Significant results in the treatment of wrinkles, furrows, and skin texture and skin lesions were related to PRP mesotherapy. The procedure produced an improvement assessed with the SCACPH. Conclusions: Autologous PRP therapy has good results in the treatment of patients with facial aging.

Corrección de arrugas perioculares con plasma rico en plaquetas / Correction of periocular wrinkles with platelet-rich plasma

Las arrugas son surcos o pliegues en la piel, que aparecen principalmente por efecto del envejecimiento. Este artículo describe el caso de un paciente masculino de 47 años de edad, piel blanca, que acudió a consulta de cirugía plástica ocular por inconformidad con el aspecto envejecido de su rostro a causa de las arrugas perioculares. Se le aplicó plasma rico en plaquetas intradérmico en el trayecto de las arrugas a razón de 3 dosis con intervalo promedio de 30 días entre cada una. Se logró la corrección total de las arrugas, con buenos resultados estéticos. No se encontró reacción adversa. Se reafirma el criterio planteado por estudios de que el plasma rico en plaquetas es una opción terapéutica de primera línea para rejuvenecer la región periocular(AU)

Wrinkles are a creases or folds which appear in the skin mainly as a result of aging. A case is described of a male 47-year-old patient of white skin color who attended ocular plastic surgery consultation for dissatisfaction with the periocular wrinkles on his face, which gave it an aged appearance. Intradermal platelet-rich plasma was applied along the course of the wrinkles at three doses with an average separation of 30 days between them. Total wrinkle correction was achieved, with good esthetic results. There was not any adverse reaction. The case confirms the criterion contained in previous studies that platelet-rich plasma is a first-line therapeutic option to rejuvenate the periocular region(AU)

El costo de la belleza: Comunicación de seis casos clínicos con infección por micobacterias atípicas secundario a inyecciones intradérmicas y reacción a un dermoimplante de origen desconocido / The cost of beauty: six cosmetological clinical cases due to atypical mycobacterial infection secondary to intradermal injections plus reaction to foreign dermal implant

Resumen Comunicamos seis casos de mujeres quienes, tras la aplicación mediante mesoterapia con plasma rico en plaquetas, así como de un material de relleno intradérmico de origen desconocido, desarrollaron una infección en los sitios de inyección asociada a Mycobacterium massiliense, así como granulomas con reacción a cuerpo extraño. Aunque los cultivos fueron negativos, se logró la identificación del microorganismo por extracción de ADN de tejidos blandos obtenido por biopsia y posterior secuenciación del producto obtenido. Debido a la gran similitud en los cultivos de M. massiliense con la especie relacionada Mycobacterium abscessus, y a que tienen diferente respuesta terapéutica, las técnicas moleculares de diagnóstico son una opción real a considerar para administrar en forma precoz el tratamiento específico contra el patógeno y evitar la progresión de la infección.

We report six cases of female patients who, after the application by mesotherapy with platelet-rich plasma, as well as of an intradermal filler material of unknown origin, developed infection at the injection sites associated to Mycobacterium massiliense, as well as granuloma with reaction to foreign body. Although the cultures were negative, the identification of the microorganism was achieved by extraction of soft tissue DNA obtained by biopsy and sequencing the obtained product, with which the therapy was redirected against the particular species. Due to the great similarity in the culture between M. massiliense with the related species M. abscessus, to the required time for its growth, and to the different therapeutic response of each strain, molecular diagnostic techniques are a real option to consider to administer in an early way the appropriate treatment against the pathogen and prevent infection progression.

Edema frontal após aplicação de minoxidil 5% e biotina em injeções intradérmicas / Frontal edema after application of 5% minoxidil and biotin in intradermal injections

A intradermoterapia, ou mesoterapia, é procedimento não cirúrgico, minimamente invasivo, que consiste em múltiplas aplicações de substâncias farmacológicas diluídas por via intradérmica ou subcutânea. Já foram relatados vários efeitos adversos posteriores a esse procedimento: alopecia, erupção liquenoide, oleoma, indução de psoríase e infecções cutâneas. A informação científica sobre o tema é escassa, e há poucos estudos com metodologia rigorosa acerca da eficácia e do mecanismo de ação da via intradérmica. Relata-se caso de edema frontal após intradermoterapia com minoxidil e biotina.

Intradermotherapy, also known as mesotherapy, is a non-surgical procedure, minimally invasive consisting of multiple applications of pharmacological substances diluted by intradermally or subcutaneously. Adversities already been reported after treatment mesoterápico as alopecia, lichenoid rash, oleoma, psoriasis induction and skin infections. There is scant scientific information on the subject, and few studies with more rigorous methodology of the efficacy and mechanism of action of intradermally. Knowing this, there was this article having a complicating account of this method in a patient of our service, and elucidate some of its benefits and other complications.

Bioestimulación facial con plasma rico en plaquetas / Facial biostimulation with platelet-rich plasma

Fundamento: la bioestimulación facial con plasma rico en plaquetas es un método actual de rejuvenecimiento facial que entra dentro de las terapias regenerativas. Objetivo: mostrar el papel principal de la bioestimulación como método positivo en las características de la piel facial. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 140 artículos originales publicados en Pubmed, Medline, Scielo y Google académico en los idiomas inglés y español mediante el gestor de referencias bibliográficas Endnote x9, de ellos se utilizaron 48 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión. Desarrollo: el envejecimiento es un proceso muy complejo, donde el envejecimiento cutáneo es una de sus manifestaciones más evidentes, por lo que el cirujano plástico busca constantemente formas de lograr atenuar este proceso, una de estas alternativas es la infiltración facial con plasma rico en plaquetas. Se describe la técnica de procesamiento de la sangre para obtener el plasma rico en plaquetas y el método empleado para la bioestimulación facial. Indicaciones y contraindicaciones del proceder. Conclusiones: la bioestimulación facial con plasma rico en plaquetas es un método sencillo, libre de complicaciones dado que se trabaja con material autólogo, mediante el cual se logran cambios positivos en la piel.

Background: facial biostimulation with platelet-rich plasma is a modern method for facial rejuvenation that is part of the regeneration therapies. Objective: to show the main role of biostimulation as a positive method for the characteristics of facial skin. Methods: a bibliographic review of 140 original articles published in Pubmed, Medline, Scielo and academic Google in English and Spanish, was made by means of the reference management software Endnote x9. Forty-eight citations were selected to make the review. Development: aging is a complex process and skin aging is one of its clearest manifestations; that’s why, plastic surgeons are constantly looking for new ways to reduce this process. One of these alternatives is facial infiltration with platelet-rich plasma. The technique of processing blood to obtain platelets-rich plasma and the method used for facial biostimulation are described. Indications and contraindications of the procedure are also described. Conclusions: facial biostimulation with platelet-rich plasma is a simple, complications-free method since the procedure is made with an autologous by means of which positive changes in the skin are achieved.

Análise da melhora dos sinais clínicos do envelhecimento cutâneo com o uso da intradermoterapia: análise clínica, fotográfica e ultrassonográfica / Analysis of improvement of the clinical signs of skin aging with assistance of intradermotherapy: clinical, photographic, and ultrasonographic analyses

Introdução: A intradermoterapia com polirrevitalização é opção terapêutica adicional para o tratamento do fotodano. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do tratamento e rejuvenescimento cutâneo, com o uso de polirrevitalizante injetável composto por antioxidantes, complexos vitamínicos, aminoácidos, coenzimas e ácido hialurônico sem crosslinking, através da intradermoterapia. Método: Foi desenhado estudo clínico monocêntrico retrospectivo, não comparativo e aberto, com 30 pacientes do sexo feminino, submetidas a cinco aplicações de polirrevitalizante injetável na face. As fotos foram analisadas e comparadas por investigador cego e pelo médico aplicador. Através do exame ultrassonográfico, foram analisadas e comparadas espessura e densidade dérmica. Resultado: Houve aumento da espessura e densidade dérmica através da ultrassonografia. A melhora clínica foi observada através das fotos pré e pós-aplicação. Conclusão: A intradermoterapia com o polirrevitalizante estudado mostrou-se boa opção terapêutica ao fotodano.

Introduction: Intradermotherapy with poly-revitalization is an additional therapeutic option for the treatment of photodamage. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intradermotherapy treatment and skin rejuvenation results due to the use of injectable poly-revitalizing substance constituted of antioxidants, vitamin complexes, amino acids, coenzymes, and hyaluronic acid without crosslinking. Method: A retrospective, monocentric, open and non-comparative clinical study with 30 female patients who underwent 5 applications of injectable poly-revitalizing substance in the face. The photographs were analyzed and compared by blinded investigators and the medical professional who applied the treatment. Dermal thickness and density were analyzed and compared through ultrasonography. Result: Increased dermal thickness and density verified through ultrasonography. Clinical improvement was observed through pre- and post-application photographs. Conclusion: Intradermotherapy with the studied poly-revitalizing substance was proven to be a good therapeutic option for the treatment of photodamage.

A mesoterapia melhora a amplitude articular em pacientes com tendinite do manguito rotador / Mesotherapy improves range of motion in patients with rotator cuff tendinitis

Há evidências publicadas sobre o efeito da mesoterapia para as doenças inflamatórias do ombro. Objetivo: Avaliar o ganho de amplitude de movimento (ADM) em pacientes com tendinopatia do manguito rotador tratados com mesoterapia. Uma série retrospectiva de casos conduzida a partir de prontuários médicos. Um serviço ambulatorial de reabilitação e ortopedia. População: 145 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de tendinopatia do manguito rotador, com limitação da amplitude de movimento ativa. Método: Os sujeitos do estudo foram tratados com mesoterapia entre 1995 e 2008, a mesclas foram selecionadas de acordo com o perfil do paciente e sua tolerância. O efeito sobre a ADM foi qualificado como "sem melhora" ou "com melhora". A melhora da sintomatologia foi correlacionada com a idade, duração dos sintomas e drogas usadas na mesoterapia. A realização concomitante de fisioterapia também foi correlacionada com o desfecho. Os efeitos adversos foram avaliados sistematicamente. Resultados: 117 pacientes (80,7%) apresentaram melhor objetiva da ADM ou a dor. O resultado não foi influenciado pela idade, duração dos sintomas ou pela realização concomitante de fisioterapia. Apenas efeitos adversos menores foram observados. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a mesoterapia pode ser eficaz no tratamento da tendinopatia do manguito rotador, seja pela melhora da dor, ADM ou função global do membro superior. O impacto clínico deste estudo é que a mesoterapia pode ser associada ao tratamento fisioterapêutico padrão para melhorar ADM e dor na tendinopatia do manguito rotador.

There is published evidence on the effect of mesotherapy for inflammatory shoulder diseases. Objective: Evaluate the gain in range of motion (ROM) in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy treated with mesotherapy. A retrospective series of cases conducted from medical records. Location: an outpatient rehabilitation and orthopedic service. 145 patients with clinical diagnosis of rotator cuff tendinopathy, with limited active range of motion. Method: The study subjects were treated with mesotherapy between 1995 and 2008, the blends were selected according to the patient's profile and tolerance. The effect on the ROM was qualified as "not improved" or "improved". The improvement in symptomatology was correlated to age, duration of symptoms, and drugs used in the mesotherapy. The concomitant application of physical therapy was also correlated with the result. The adverse effects were evaluated systematically. Results: 117 patients (80.7%) presented objective improvement of ROM or of pain. The result was not influenced by age, duration of symptoms, or by the concomitant application of physical therapy. Only smaller adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: This study suggests that mesotherapy can be efficient in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy, for the improvement of pain, ROM, or global functioning of the upper limb. The clinical impact of this study is that mesotherapy can be associated with the standard physical therapy treatment to improve ROM and pain in rotator cuff tendinopathy.

Alteraciones biofarmacológicas de la procaína empleada por vía intradérmica / Biopharmacological alterations of procaine used by via intradermal

Se ha demostrado que los anestésicos locales tienen muchos efectos en diferentes células. Actúan directamente a nivel de la membrana plasmática e interactúan con lípidos y proteína de membrana produciendo desorden molecular, inhibición de la actividad de los fibroblastos, induce vacuolización de varios tipos celulares y entre otras acciones, disminuye la síntesis de colágeno. La procaína inhibe selectivamente el ATP calcio dependiente, bloqueando el ingreso celular del calcio extracelular, altera la función de los microtúbulos y microfilamentos, modifica la forma celular y la distribución de los receptores de membrana, inhibe diversas enzimas como la fosfolipasa A2 implicada en la lipólisis, altera el ADN y el ciclo celular. A pesar del hecho que los anestésicos locales (Ej: procaína) han sido empleados en fórmulas de mesoterapia, como un "vector indispensable" por más de 55 años, debemos ser cuidadosos en su utilización como un diluyente de fórmulas. En base a estas modificaciones tisulares, consideramos que es importante conocer las acciones específicas de la procaína en las diferentes estructuras celulares.

It has been shown that local anesthetics have many effects on different cells. They act directly at the plasma membrane and interact with membrane lipid and protein producing molecular disorder, inhibition of fibroblast activity, induces vacuolization of many cell types and, among other actions, decreases the synthesis of collagen. Procaine selectively inhibits ATP-calcium dependent, blocking the entry of extracellular calcium to the cell, alters the function of microtubules and microfilaments, changes cell shape and the distribution of membrane receptors, inhibits various enzymes like phospolipase A2 involved in lipolysis, alter the DNA and cell cycle. Despite the fact that local anesthetics (e.g. procaine) have been used in mesotherapy formulas as an "indispensable vector" for over 55 years, we must be careful in its use as a diluter of formulas. Based on these tissue changes, we consider it important to know the specific actions of procaine in different cell structures.

Micobacterias no tuberculosas asociadas a procedimientos de mesoterapia en Colombia, 2004-2007 / Nontuberculous mycobacteria associated to mesotherapy treatment in Colombia, 2004-2007

Introducción: La mesoterapia es un procedimiento estético de amplio uso en nuestro país, por lo que se requiere una vigilancia de las infecciones posteriores a la administraciónde la misma. El objetivo de esteestudio fue describir la presencia de micobacterias no tuberculosas asociadas a los procedimientos de mesoterapia. Materiales y métodos: Se procesaron muestras de material purulento, biopsias y aislamientos provenientes de 80 pacientes con lesiones de piel posteriores a mesoterapia, de acuerdo con los protocolos estandarizados por el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados: Se confirmó infección subcutánea por micobacterias no tuberculosas en 33 (41,2%) pacientes. El tipo de muestra de donde se aisló con mayor frecuencia fue la secreción de las lesiones de piel 31 (93,9%). Las especies de micobacterias identificadas fueron: Mycobacterium chelonae, 19 (57,5%);de la Mycobacterium fortuitum, 8 (24,2%), y Mycobacterium abscessus, 6 (18,2%). Discusión: El diagnóstico de micobacteriosis se establece por los antecedentes del paciente y por las manifestaciones clínicas. La presencia de micobacterias no tuberculosas como causa de enfermedad es cada vez másfrecuente; de ahí, la importancia de realizar el diagnóstico por cultivo e identificación de especie. Se debe sospechar la etiología por micobacterias en los casos con antecedentes de mesoterapia, abscesos dolorosos en lossitios de la inyección y una inadecuada respuesta a la terapia antibiótica convencional. Se evidenció que en el caso de lesiones causadas después de este tipo de procedimiento se obtenía un mayor número de cultivos positivos a partir de las muestras de materialpurulento, en comparación con las biopsias.

Introduction: Mesotherapy is an aesthetic treatment widely used in our country; therefore, surveillance of subcutaneous infection after mesotherapy is required. The purposeof this study is to describe the presence of nontuberculous mycobacteria associated with mesotherapy treatments. Material and methods: Samples of purulent material, biopsies and isolates from 80 patients with skin lesions caused by mesotherapy wereprocessed according to protocols approved by the Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia, LNR, (National Reference Laboratory) of Instituto Nacional de Salud (Health National Institute.)Results: Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in 33 (41.2%) patients was confirmed. The sample type where it was most frequently isolated was skin lesion secretion in 31 (93.9%) patients. Mycobacteria species identified were:Mycobacterium chelonae 19 (57.5%), Mycobacterium fortuitum 8 (24.2%) and Mycobacterium abscessus 6 (18.2%). Discussion: Clinical diagnosis of mycobacteriosis is difficult; it is established by the patient’s history and his/her clinical manifestations. The presence of nontuberculousmycobacteria as a disease agent isvery frequent; for that reason, it is important to perform sample cultures for diagnosis and species identification. Special attention must be paid to possible mycobacterial infection when there is previous report ofmesotherapy treatment injections, presence of painful abscesses in injection sites, and an inadequate clinical outcome from antibioticconventional therapies. It has been confirmed that, in case of skin lesions caused after this kind of treatment, the sample obtained from purulent material shows higher positivity than the biopsies.

Tratamiento combinado de cicatrices de larga evolución: Resultado estético y reparador en una adolescente / Combined treatment of old scars: Aesthetic and reparative results in an adolescent

Las cicatrices extensas son lesiones que condicionan la vida de los pacientes que las padecen, produciendo retracción social o como en este caso condicionando la vestimenta de una joven adolescente de 15 años. Se realiza el tratamiento de cicatrices postquemadura que padece desde los 2 meses de edad, combinando diversos métodos como peeling, mesoterapia, dermoabrasión y ultrasonido, obteniendo como resultado la mejoría clínica, estética y psicológica, brindándole una calidad de vida superior.

Extensive scars modify the patient's life. Significant scarring causes functional and cosmetic deformities, discomfort and psychological stress. We report a teenager, who suffered from burning when she was two months old. She has been under scar treatment combining several methods such as peeling, mesotherapy, manual dermoabrasion and ultrasound. Up to now, we improved the patient's life quality, obtaining a clinical improvement, such as aesthetic and psychological one.