Sarcoma sinovial primario de pericardio / Primary pericardial synovial sarcoma

Resumen El sarcoma sinovial primario del pericardio es un tumor muy raro y de mal pronóstico y se sabe poco en cuanto al manejo terapéutico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 51 años a quien se le realizó resección quirúrgica incompleta, quimioterapia y radioterapia. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer caso de un sarcoma sinovial primario de pericardio que luego de operado se mantuvo asintomático durante 5 años hasta que en una TAC de control se le detectaron metástasis cardiacas que comprometían las cavidades derechas y con quimioterapia, la ecocardiografía demostró la reso lución completa de las mismas.

Abstract Primary pericardial synovial sarcoma is an extraor dinarily very rare tumor with a poor prognosis, and little is known about its therapeutic management. We describe the case of a 51-year-old woman patient who underwent incomplete surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, no pri mary pericardial synovial sarcoma has been described which, after surgery, remains asymptomatic for 5 years, and until a control CT scan detects cardiac metastases that compromised the lumen of the right cavities and with chemotherapy, echocardiography demonstrated complete resolution of cardiac metastases.

Current status of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Peritoneal metastasis is the most common distant metastasis of gastric cancer. As an end-stage event of gastric cancer, patients with peritoneal metastasis often have lost the chance of radical resection, and even after palliative surgical resection, the long-term outcomes are still not satisfactory. In recent years, with the application and promotion of laparoscopic technology, neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery, through perioperative comprehensive treatment strategies by multidisciplinary team, the quality of life and survival of patients with peritoneal metastasis have been significantly improved. Some patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis diagnosed by laparoscopy even get the opportunity to have radical cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy after neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy. Taking into account the progress in the treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis in recent years, this article intends to combine current clinical evidence and to discuss the key issues in the course of clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal implantation and metastasis, including the imaging diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis, laparoscopic examination, evaluation of peritoneal metastasis and comprehensive treatment plan.

The correlation study between the glucose metabolism of 18F-FDG PET/CT incidental thyroid cancer and clinicopathologic characteristics / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:The proportion of incidental thyroid cancer in PET imaging was sig-niifcantly increased with the wide application of18F-FDG PET/CT. The correlation between the glucose metabolism of thyroid incidental thyroid cancer and pathological changes is unclear. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the glucose metabolism by18F-FDG PET/CT and tumor differentiation or lymph node metastasis in patients with incidental thyroid cancer.Methods:A total of 195 patients with focal FDG-avid thyroid incidentaloma during cancer evaluation were enrolled. Fifty-three patients were diagnosed as having thyroid cancer by the pathology. The SUVmax of thyroid cancer foci, lesion size, lesion number, and SUVmax of normal thyroid tissue were quantiifed. The tumor pathological grades and lymph node metastasis were analyzed by the pathology. The patients were broken down into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) according to the tumor pathological grades and lymph node metastasis (differentiated thyroid cancer, non-differentiated thyroid cancer, without lymph node metastasis and with lymph node metastasis). The differences of glucose metabolism between G1and G2groups, G3 and G4 groups were analyzed.Results:Fifty-three foci were found by PET imaging. Sixty-two foci were found by the pathology (37 papillary thyroid carcinoma, 4 follicular thyroid carcinoma, 9 medullary thyroid carcinoma, 3 poorly differentiated thyroid cancer). The SUVmax in the normal thyroid tissue, G1and G2were 1.51±0.30, 4.25±1.70 and 6.34±2.45, respectively. The SUVmax in the G1and G2were signiifcantly higher than in the normal thyroid tissue (t=11.0,t=7.10,P0.05;t=0.33,P=0.56).Conclusion:The differentiated incidental thyroid carcinoma and non-differentiated incidental thyroid carcinoma had high glucose metabolism, and there was no signiifcant difference in the levels of glucose metabolism in different differentiation degree and metastasis ability cancer.

Chemistry and Cancer Preventing Activities of Ginseng Saponins and Some Related Triterpenoid Compounds

More than 25 dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins have been isolated from ginseng, the root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae). The genuine sapogenins of those saponins, 20(S)-protopanaxa-diol and -triol, were identified as 20(S) 12beta-hydroxy-and 20(S) 6alpha,12beta-dihydroxy-dammarenediol-II, respectively. There are two types of preparations from ginseng: white ginseng prepared by drying after peelling off and red ginseng prepared by steaming and drying. Some partly deglycosylated saponins such as ginsenoside Rh-1, Rh-2, and Rg-3 are obtained from red ginseng as artifacts produced during steaming. Several workers studied the metabolic transformation by human intestinal bacteria after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb-1 and Rb-2 and found that the stepwise deglyco-sylation yielded compound K and finally 20(S)-protopanaxadiol. Ginsenoside Rg-1 was converted into 20(S)-protopanaxatriol via ginsenoside Rh-1. Yun et al. in Korea conducted the epidemiological case-control studies of ginseng and suggested its cancer preventing activities. Kitagawa et al. demonstrated in vitro that ginsenosides, especially 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg-3, specifically inhibited cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Azuma et al. found that ginsenoside Rb-2 inhibited tumor angiogenesis, and Kikuchi et al. reported that ginsenoside Rh-2 inhibited the human ovarian cancer growth in nude mice. Recently, ginsenoside Rg-3 was produced as an anti-angiogenic anti-cancer drug in China. The aforementioned reports suggest that less glycosylated protopanaxadiol derivatives are effective in cancer prevention. Apart from Ginseng tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins, some oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds showed the anti-carcinogenic activity in the two-stage anti-cancer-promotion experiments in vitro and in vivo.