Study of blood cultures by BACTEC method in pediatric patients of Chhattisgarh, India

Background: 356 children aged' between 2 to 4 years admitted at PICU were selected for study B.D BACTEC 9050 system was used for incubation bottle' were incubated until microbial growth was detected, BACTEC 9050 is an automated blood culture system which responds to concentration of' Co2 produced by metabolism microorganism or consumption of O2, needed for growth of microorganism.Methods: The antibiotic used were Amoxicin 250 mcg, penicillin 100 unit linezoid 50 Mcg, vancomycin 50 mcg, ampicillin 100 mcg, Azithromycin 100 Mcg, pipericillin/ Tozabactum, 100/50mcg, ceforazone/ salbactum 50/30 mcg, cefoxitin 50 mcg, cefepime 50 mcg, Amikacin 50 mcg, Imipenen 30 mcg, ceftazidime- clavulanic acid..Results: The observed organized were 90 (25.2%) CoNS, 72 (20.2%) Entrobacter, 70 (19.6%) Klebesiella' spp, 40(11.1%) Enterococcus, 22(6.1%) S, auresis, 22 (6.1%) E coli,' 20(5.6%) citrobacters, 20(5.6%) Acinitobacter. This blood culture study' by BACTEC 9050 in pediatric patients in few minutes.Conclusions: BACTEC-9050 method was helpful to treat especially in children because most of diseases in children are idiopathic and life threatening.

Retnal Toxicty of Intravitreal Tissue Plasminogen Activator with C3F8 Injection in Rabbit Eyes

PURPOSE: To determine the concentration at which a mixed injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and C3F8 gas is toxic, we studied the histopathological changes in the rabbit retina. METHODS: Only tPA was injected into the right vitreous cavities of 18 normal pigmented rabbits at doses of 25 micro gram/0.1mL, 50 micro gram/0.1mL, and 100 micro gram/0.1mL, 6 rabbits per dosage. In the same rabbits, tPA and C3F8 (0.2cc) were simultaneously injected into the left vitreous cavities at doses of 25 micro gram/0.1mL, 50 micro gram/0.1mL, and 100 micro gram/0.1mL. All of the eyes were examined by slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy at 5, 10, and 15 days after the injection, and then they were enucleated for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: Retinal pigmentary alterations were centered around the injection site 3 days postoperatively in the eyes receiving doses of 50 micro gram/0.1mL or greater. On light microscopy(LM), the involved areas showed vacuolization in the photoreceptor elements and the inner nuclear layer(INL) at a dose of 25 micro gram/0.1mL at postoperative 5 days and the vacuolar changes disappeared at postoperative 15 days. But at doses of 50 micro gram/0.1mL or greater, loss, contracture, and vacuolization of the photoreceptor outer segment (POS) and vacuolization of INL were noted at postoperative 15 days. On LM, at a dose of 25 micro gram/0.1mL, the involved areas showed vacuolization in POS and mitochondrial swelling of the photoreceptor inner segment (PIS) at postoperative 5 days. The mitochondrial swelling of PIS disappeared at postoperative 15 days. However, at doses of 50 micro gram/0.1mL or greater, loss and contracture of POS and mitochondrial swelling of PIS were noted at postoperative 15 days. The retinal damage from simultaneous injection of tPA and C3F8 at doses of 25, and 50 micro gram/0.1mL was equal to or less than that of only tPA injection, whereas at a doses of 100 micro gram/0.1mL the damage was greater. CONCLUSIONS: At doses of 50 micro gram/0.1mL or greater, irreVersible retinal toxicity was noted histopathologically in rabbit eyes. At doses of 25, and 50 micro gram/0.1mL, the degree of retianl damage did not seem to be affected by whether C3F8 was injected concomitantly or not.

The Effect of Recession of Single Lateral Rectus Muscle

The authors studied the effect of recession of single lateral rectus muscle. One lateral rectus muscle was recessed by 9.0-9.5mm on 21 patients with 20-25 delta exotropia from October 1991 to February 1994. The average corrected amounts of exodeviation were 13.36 by 9.0mm and 17.9 delta by 9.5mm. The Success rate was 70.0% in 9.0mm recession group with follow-up of 12.5 months in average, and 54.5% in 9.5mm recession group with follow-up of 17.0 months. The success rate was 62.0% in all patients. The success rate was gradually decreased in long term follow-up. The limitation of lateral gaze and lateral incomitancy were not observed. The recession of single lateral rectus muscle is a safe, predictable and simple procedure for the treatment of moderate angle exotropia less than 25 micro gram.