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1.
Interdisciplinaria ; 39(3): 15-33, oct. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430566

RESUMO

Resumen El juego de ficción, aquel que comporta la creación de una situación imaginaria, ha sido un objeto de estudio privilegiado en la psicología del desarrollo y se ha señalado su rol en el desarrollo de funciones psicológicas complejas. Recientemente, gracias a la utilización de herramientas de análisis de las artes temporales, se ha documentado una nueva forma de juego, el juego con las formas de la vitalidad, cuyo foco es la repetición y variación de motivos sonoro-kinéticos de modo interactivo, en detrimento de cualquier contenido figurativo. Se ha observado que durante el tercer año de vida este tipo de juego se presenta de modo combinado con el juego de ficción y que en esos casos podría ser parte del andamiaje del desarrollo del juego de ficción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un microanálisis de los sonidos y movimientos de una escena de juego de ficción combinado con juego con las formas de la vitalidad de una niña de 1 año y 11 meses de edad, con el fin de conocer cómo se produce dicho andamiaje. Entre los resultados se destacan la presencia de sincronía interactiva basada en un pulso subyacente, la construcción de una mutualidad entre adulto e infante a partir de la calidad de los motivos compartidos, la ampliación del espacio de juego y el sostenimiento de la atención conjunta y la fluidez interactiva.


Abstract The pretend play, one that involves the creation of an imaginary situation, has been a privileged object of study in developmental psychology framed in the linguistic turn. Its important role in the development of complex psychological functions, such as language, theory of mind or narrative capacity, has been pointed out. In recent years, there has been a change in focus in the human sciences that has been dubbed the corporal turn: a re-focus on the analysis and conceptualization of bodily aspects that are at the base of various cognitive capacities. Thanks to the use of analysis tools typical of the temporal arts -such as music and dance- to the field of cognitive psychology, a new form of play has been documented in early childhood: the forms of vitality play. It recovers the idea of forms of vitality from Stern (2010), which refers to affects that cannot be reflected in the lexicon of Darwinian emotions. The forms of vitality are a Gestalt, an emergent property where movement, time, force, space and directionality/intentionality are integrated; they are a fundamental property of multimodal exchanges in the adult-baby dyad as well as of the experience, as spectator or performer, of non-figurative temporal arts such as dance and music. The forms of vitality play arise as a reconceptualization of the notion of musical play and is considered a reissue of early social play with a symmetrical participation of the child in the composition of play. It is defined as any pleasant or self-remunerative activity, in which motifs of movements and/or sounds are elaborated according to the repetition-variation form, at the expense of any figurative content. The forms of vitality play have been observed in the third year of the child's life and it has been pointed out that it can manifest in a simple way or in combination with the pretend play. Likewise, it was suggested that when the pretend play is presented in combination with the forms of vitality play, the latter could be scaffolding the pretend play, although how this happens has not been clearly specified. The objective of the present study is to carry out a microanalysis of the sounds and movements of a pretend play scene combined with forms of vitality play of a girl of 1 year and 11 months of age and an adult, in order to know how such scaffolding is produced. The sound envelope was analyzed in order to identify and describe the timing of the sounds. Regarding movement, specialized software was used to graph its trajectory and for the analysis of the expression of movements, the basic categories "Shape and Effort" of the Laban-Bartenieff system of movement analysis were used (Laban, 1971). The results indicate the presence of interactive synchrony based on an underlying pulse that sustains mutuality between the players and provides a temporal structure on which the synchrony of the self can be anchored. Furthermore, it allows the sharing of continuity and contrast in the quality of sounds and movements and thus provides the dyad with a primary level of understanding with non-mediated meanings; promotes the exploration of the play space and the expansion of the potential of the fictional scene; it favors the maintenance of joint attention and mutual understanding through ontogenetically pre-fiction semiotic mechanisms, which favor the interactive fluidity of play.

2.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(2): 530-539, 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385613

RESUMO

RESUMEN: En salmonicultura se utilizan imágenes de rayos X, para evaluar la columna vertebral y las aletas, pero estas no permiten cuantificar los minerales que constituyen el hueso, para esto se utilizan otras técnicas que son destructivas. La Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido de presión variable (VP SEM) acoplada al detector espectroscopia de rayos X de energía dispersiva (EDX) acoplado, nos permite analizar la microestructura y a la vez determinar elementos químicos, porcentaje y distribución presentes en puntos específicos en una muestra. Se utilizaron 5 truchas control y 5 con deformidad mandibular, de agua dulce en etapa de smolt, se analizó la estructura y mineralización del hueso, se eligieron en promedio 6 puntos de cuantificación por región de interés y se analizaron mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (VP SEM-EDX). Los datos obtenidos muestran porcentaje en masa de Ca promedio en hueso articular de truchas fueron de 8.07 % y de 14.48 % en truchas con deformidad mandibular y control respectivamente y el porcentaje en masa promedio de P es de 4.07 % y 7.60 %, en truchas con deformidad mandibular y control respectivamente. Se identificó además otros elementos presentes en la muestra como Mg, Na, C, O, N, S, F, Zn, Al y Fe, con especial interés en el aumento de carbono en las muestras analizadas con deformidad mandibular y la presencia de aluminio en todas las muestras. La Técnica de VP SEM-EDX, permite evaluar de forma directa, sin destrucción de la muestra y con una preparación mínima de la muestra. En el hueso, la aplicación más frecuente de SEM-EDX es la medición del contenido de Ca y P y la relación que existe entre estos elementos Ca/P, en la muestra. Paralelamente la técnica nos permite la detección de otros microelementos provenientes del agua o de la alimentación y que eventualmente pueden provocar alteraciones en los peces, confirmando la hipótesis que el microanálisis elemental tiene utilidad para la salmonicultura.


SUMMARY: In salmon farming systems, X-ray images are used to evaluate the spine and fins, but these do not allow quantifying the minerals that make up the bone, for different techniques that are destructive are used. Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP SEM) coupled to an Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector (EDX), allows us to analyze the microstructure and at the same time determine chemical elements, percentages, and distribution present at specific points in a sample. Five control and five jaw deformity trout, from freshwater and in the smolt stage were used. The structure and mineralization of the bone were analyzed, an average six quantification points were chosen per region of interest (ROI) and then they were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP SEM-EDX). The data obtained have shown the average mass percentage of calcium in trout joint bone was 8.07 % and 14.48 % in jaw deformity and control trout, respectively; and the average mass percentage of phosphorus is 4.07 % and 7.60 %, in jaw deformity and control trout, respectively. Other elements present in the sample were also identified, such as magnesium, sodium, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, fluorine, zinc, aluminium, and iron, with special interest the increase of carbon in the analyzed samples with mandibular deformity and the presence of aluminum in all samples. The VP SEM-EDX Technique allows direct evaluation, without destruction of the sample and with minimal sample preparation. In bone, the most frequent application of SEM-EDX is the measurement of the content of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and the relationship that exists between these elements, calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P), in the sample. At the same time, the technique allows us to detect other microelements from water or food that can eventually cause alterations in fish, confirming the hypothesis that elemental microanalysis is useful for salmon farming.


Assuntos
Animais , Dente/química , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Mandíbula/química , Minerais/análise , Espectrometria por Raios X , Dente/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mandíbula/ultraestrutura
3.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385745

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The glass ionomer cements (GICs) is a generic name given to a group of materials widely used in clinical dentistry which if used after the specified expiration date, material properties may be affected. to evaluate the Vick ers microhardness, surface morphology and the energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), of GICs with different expiration dates that were stored at room temperature. specimens of highly viscous glass ionomer cement (HVGIC) (Ketac Cem and Ketac Molar) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (Vitrebond) with different expiration dates (current, close to their expiration and expired) were prepared for Vickers microhardness test and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) with EDX, measuring 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm length, per the manufacturer's instructions, in standard cylindrical teflon molds. For the comparison of obtained values, the ANOVA test was used, while Tukey test was used for the multiple comparisons. In all the GICs used, the microhardness decreased as the expiration date approached, finding a significant statistical differen ce (P<0.05) in Ketac Molar and Vitrebond. SEM sample analysis revealed similar cohesive cracks in all tested materials. The EDX analysis revealed the presence of the elements F, Al and Si in all GICs and Ca only in Ketac Molar and Ketac Cem. The elements were found in a higher atomic percentage in the GICs with an current date and in a lower percentage in those with an expired date. HVGIC and RMGIC with an expiration date finish and that were stored at room temperature, suffer significant physical and chemical changes, which could put doubts its clinical effectiveness.


RESUMEN: El cemento de ionómero de vidrio (CIV) es un nombre genérico que se le da a un grupo de materiales ampliamente utilizados en odontología clínica que si se usan después de la fecha de vencimiento especificada, las propiedades del material pueden verse afectadas. evaluar la microdureza Vickers, la morfología superficial y el microanálisis de energía dispersa de rayos X (EDX), de CIV con diferentes fechas de caducidad almacenados a temperatura ambiente. Muestras de cemento de ionómero de vidrio de alta viscosidad (CIVAV) (Ketac Cem y Ketac Molar) y cemento de ionómero de vidrio modificado con resina (CIVMR) (Vitrebond) con diferentes fechas de vencimiento (vigente, próximo a su vencimiento y vencido) de 5 x 2 mm, fueron preparadas para microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) con EDX y microdureza Vickers, según las instrucciones del fabricante, en moldes de teflón cilíndricos estándar. Para la comparación de los valores obtenidos se utilizó la prueba ANOVA, mientras que para las comparaciones múltiples se utilizó la prueba de Tukey. En todos los CIV utilizados, la microdureza disminuyó a medida que se acercaba la fecha de vencimiento, encontrándose una diferencia estadística significativa (P <0.05) en Ketac Molar y Vitrebond. El análisis de la muestra en MEB reveló grietas cohesivas similares en todos los materiales probados. El análisis EDX reveló la presencia de los elementos F, Al y Si en todos los GIC y Ca solo en Ketac Molar y Ketac Cem. Los elementos se encontraron en mayor porcentaje atómico en los GIC con fecha vigente y en menor porcentaje en aquellos con una fecha vencida. Los CIVAV y CIVMR con fecha de caducidad vencida y que fueron alma- cenados a temperatura ambiente, sufrieron cambios físicos y químicos importantes, lo que podría poner en duda su efectividad clínica.

4.
Psiquiatr. salud ment ; 34(3/4): 275-286, jul.-dic. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-967586

RESUMO

Se analizan seis fragmentos de una psicoterapia psicodinámica de larga duración, los cuales han sido definidos como "hechos clínicos" (HC). Se pretende identificar y describir algunos elementos verbales y no verbales presentes en la interacción paciente­terapeuta dentro de los segmentos pre-seleccionados del proceso.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Médico-Paciente , Psicanálise/métodos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Comportamento Verbal , Comunicação não Verbal , Pesquisa Qualitativa
5.
Interdisciplinaria ; 32(1): 31-49, jun. 2015. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-757085

RESUMO

El estudio realizado se propuso analizar el proceso de construcción interaccional de narrativas de ficción por parte de díadas de niños de distintas edades (4 y 12 años) que viven en poblaciones urbano-marginadas de Argentina. Las narrativas, elicitadas a partir de una secuencia de imágenes, fueron video-filmadas y luego transcriptas. El corpus incluye 33 relatos producidos por díadas de niños de 4 y 12 años. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo que combina el Método Comparativo Constante (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Strauss & Corbin, 1990) con herramientas de la Sociolingüística Interaccional (Gumperz, 1982) y el Análisis de la conversación (Goodwin & Heritage, 1990). Dicho análisis permitió generar un sistema de categorías que dio cuenta de los roles narrativos (Goodwin, 2007) asumidos por los participantes y el modo en que esos roles eran negociados en la interacción. Los resultados mostraron que los niños adoptaban diferentes roles narrativos que se configuraban a partir de una yuxtaposición de campos semióticos -verbales, gestuales y proxémicos-. Los niños pequeños adoptaban el rol de narrador o el rol de audiencia, mientras que los niños mayores asumían roles de tutor, narrador o audiencia. Asimismo, el análisis permitió mostrar cambios en los roles adoptados durante la situación de interacción. La relevancia de estudiar las narrativas producidas por niños pequeños en interacción con niños mayores reside justamente en los resultados de investigaciones previas (Stein & Rosemberg, 2012) que señalan que en poblaciones urbano-marginadas las interacciones entre niños de distintas edades pueden dar lugar al aprendizaje y el desarrollo infantil.


This study aims to analyse the interactional construction of fictional accounts that 4-year-old and 12-year-old children from marginalized urban populations in Buenos Aires (Argentina) produced together. Recent research (Gardner & Forrester, 2010; Rosemberg & Menti, in press) suggests the need to link the study of child development and performance with the micro-analysis of interaction. As these studies point out, the concepts developed by Conversation analysis (Goodwin & Heritage, 1990; Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson, 1974) and Interactional Sociolinguistics (Gumperz, 1982) allow to study in detail the processes through which children and their partners construct shared meaning in interaction. The narratives, elicited from a sequence of images, were video recorder and transcribed. The data corpus consist of 33 narratives produced by dyads of 4 and 12 year-old children. A qualitative analysis was performed that combined the Constant Comparative Method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Strauss & Corbin, 1990) with tools from Interactional Sociolinguistic (Gumperz, 1982) and Conversation Analysis (Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson, 1974). This analysis allowed the generation of a system of categories that identified the narrative roles assumed by the participants (Goodwin, 2007) and how these roles were negotiated in the interaction. Findings showed that children adopted narrative roles that were configured from a juxtaposition of information from different semiotic fields -verbal, gestural and proxemic-. 4-year-old children adopted roles of storyteller or audience, and 12-year-old children assumed roles of tutor, storyteller or audience. The tutor role was characterised by the initiations of the sequence employing elicitations. Also, tutors used different types of interventions -feedback, expansions and repairs- to scaffold the narrative elaborated by the young children. The body position, as well as the gaze of the tutor was directed to the story-teller and/or to the images, and also in some cases to the researcher. The storyteller role was characterised by giving verbal information about the narrative. The body position, as well as the gaze of the storyteller was directed principally to the audience and/or to the images. Finally, the audience role was characterised for showing interest in the narrative through different signals such as gaze direction to the storyteller, and a body position close to him and to the images. These results show the productivity of articulating the psycholinguistic perspective (Nelson, 1996, 2007) with tools of the Conversational Analysis (Goodwin & Heritage, 1990) to account for narrative performance. Results showed that while the 12-year-old children tended to adopt in most cases a tutor role, the 4-year-old assumed a storyteller role. The narrative roles adopted by the children show that children from different ages can negotiate narrative co-construction.However, in some cases both children adopted a storyteller role. In these situations the asymmetric relation between the 12-year-old and the younger childled the older child to impose his narrative not letting the 4-year-old to narrate. The microanalysis of the interactional sequences showed that the roles adopted could change during the interaction. This role change did not occur randomly, but responding to the sequence of actions in which each participant analysed the contextualization cues (Gumperz, 1982) provided by the other and acted according to them. The analysis of the exchanges showed the complexity of the interactional process with regard to the construction of the stories, in which it is not possible to comprehend the actions of one participant without referring to the actions of the other (Goodwin, 1984). The relevance of studying the narratives produced by young children interacting with older children lies in the results of previous studies (Stein & Rosemberg, 2012) which reported that in urban marginalized populations interactions be tween children of different ages can lead to learning and child development.

6.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 19(4): 524-529, out.-dez. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-645049

RESUMO

Estudo de abordagem na microanálise sobre cuidados para a prevenção do tétano do recém-nascido, no século XIX. Os documentos utilizados para análise foram as teses da Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro que tratassem da temática sobre o cordão umbilical do recém-nascido, no século XIX. O resultado analítico dos documentos evidenciou o discurso médico embasado em referências nacionais e internacionais, no sentido de introjetar na prática do cuidado mudança na cultura da higiene, na maioria das vezes praticadas por parteiras leigas, direcionada para as mães como uma das maneiras de se prevenir o tétano do recém-nascido.


Microanalysis study on prevention care against neonatal tetanus in the nineteenth century. The theses of the Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro (The University of Rio de Janeiro Medical School) addressing the newborn’s navel-string in nineteenth century provided the basis for the analysis. The analysis showed that medical discourses, relying on national and international references, signaled to the need of cultural changes in hygiene by lay midwives and mothers, as a way to prevent tetanus of the newborn.


Estudio de enfoque en el microanálisis sobre cuidados para la prevención del tétano del recién nacido, en el siglo XIX. Los documentos utilizados para análisis fueron las tesis de la Facultad de Medicina de Rio de Janeiro-Brasil teniendo como tema el cordón umbilical del recién nacido, en el siglo XIX. El resultado del análisis de los documentos mostró el discurso médico basado en referencias nacionales e internacionales, en el sentido de introjetar en la práctica del cuidado cambio en la cultura de la higiene, muchas veces ejercida por parteras laicas, dirigido para las madres como una de las maneras de prevenir el tétano del recién nacido.


Assuntos
História do Século XIX , Assistência Perinatal/história , Cordão Umbilical , Enfermagem Neonatal/métodos , Tétano/prevenção & controle , Brasil , Dissertações Acadêmicas como Assunto , História da Enfermagem
7.
Acta cient. venez ; 56(3): 88-97, 2005. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-537179

RESUMO

El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo fue describir los cambios morfoanatómicos y/o de elementos químicos que ocurren en explantes foliares de Coffea arabica L. cv. Catuai, inducidos a producir embriones somáticos. Los explantes se cultivaron en el medio de Murashige y Skoog con algunos suplementos. Se tomaron y fijaron muestras de los explantes en FAA o glutaraldehido con el fin de realizar estudios bajo microscopía óptica, epifluorescencia y electrónica (barrido y transmisión). También, se hizo un microanálisis de rayos X. Se logró embriogénesis somática directa e indirecta. Se describe el origen y se caracterizan morfoanatómicamente los embriones producidos. Entre los indicadores de inducción embriogénica pueden considerarse: deposición de calosa y cutina en las paredes celulares, deposición de almidón, presencia de material fibrilar o membranoso sobre callos embriogénicos. En relación a elementos químicos indicadores de embriogénesis en el cultivar de café estudiado, el calcio pareció jugar un papel importante, al igual que los iones cloro y sodio.


The objective of this research was to describe cultivated in Murashige and Skoog’s culture medium. Samples of theexplants were placed in FAA or glutaraldehyde buffer with to be studied under optical, epifluorescence and electronic microscope (SEM and TEM). Aditionally X-rays microanalysis were made. Direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis was obtained. The origin of produced embryos was described and characterized from the morphoanatomical point of view. Among the markers of embryogenic induction can be regarded the following aspects: callose deposition and cutine on the wall cell, starch deposition and the presence of either fibrillar or membranous material on embryogenic calluses. Calcium seems to play an important role during embryogenesis as a chemical marker just as chlorine and sodium ions.


Assuntos
Café/genética , Coffea Cruda/análise , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Glutaral/análise , Técnicas de Cultura/classificação , Agricultura , Botânica
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