Advances in preimplantation genetic diagnosis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

In the past 20 years,molecular genetic technology has developed rapidly.The leap forward development of single-cell genetic diagnosis technologies represented by whole genome amplification combined with microarray technology or next-generation sequencing not only increased the accuracy of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) but also greatly expanded the variety and scope of detectable diseases.This paper systematically reviews the clinical application of PGD as well as recent progress of related technologies.

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived from Early Stage Fertilized Ovum: Non Immunogenic and Universal, Neuronal and Non-neuronal Cell Lines

BACKGROUND: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the potential to treat various human disorders currently labeled as incurable and/or terminal illness. However, the fear that the patients' immune system would recognize them as non self and lead to an immune rejection has hampered their use. The main cause for immune rejection is usually the incompatibility of both donor and recipient's major histocompatibility complex (MHC). METHODS: We describe a hESC line developed through a patented technology that does not lead to immune reaction upon transplantation. We have transplanted these cells in >1,400 patients with chronic/terminal conditions and did not observe any immune reaction. No immunosuppressant were administered to these patients. We analyzed the expression levels of MHC-I and MHC-II on the surface of these hESCs using microarray technology. The gene targets for miRNA were analyzed using Gene ontology and DAVID database and pathways for these genes were determined using Reactome and Panther databases. RESULTS: Our results showed that the levels of expression of MHC-I and MHC-II on hESCs is almost negligible and thus the hESCs are less susceptible to an immune rejection. CONCLUSIONS: The hESCs cultured at our facility expresses low levels of MHC-I and do not produce an immune reaction. These can be administered universally and need no cross matching before transplantation.

Study on effect mechanism of bioadhesive polymers on panax notoginseng sapo-nins′s absorption by microarray technology / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the mechanism of bioadhesive materials(Chitosan,Carbomer and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC))on promoting panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)′s oral absorption by microarray.Methods The study was divided into four groups.PNS,PNS-chitosan,PNS-carbomer and PNS-HPMC,microarray were used to investigate the change of genes expression level affiliated to the solute carrier transporter(SLC)and the ATP-binding cassette(ABC)after transpor-ting across Caco-2 cell monolayer,to explore the mechanism of bioadhesive materials′effect on PNS′s absorption.Results Comparing with PNS group ，chitosan and carbomer could significantly increase gene expression level affiliated to SLC transporter ，chitosan could decrease multi-resistant genes and P-gp efflux genes expression level affiliated to ABC transporter . HPMC had no obvious effect on SLC and ABC transporter .Conclusion Chitosan and carbomer increase PNS′s oral due to genes change affiliated to SLC and ABC transporter that could promote absorption and inhibit efflux .The promotion mechanism of HPMC absorption was that it could prolong retention time on absorption site .

Comparison of CGH array and SNP array in preimplantation genetic diagnosis / 实用医学杂志

Objective To compare two kinds of strategies of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to evaluate embryos for reciprocal and robertsonian translocation carriers. Methods A total of 152 PGD cycles for chromosomal translocation were performed from April 2012 to June 2014 , including 60 aCGH-PGD cycles using blastomere biopsy and fresh embryo transfer, and 92 SNP-PGD cycles using blastocyst biopsy and thawed embryo transfer. The diagnosis results and clinical outcome with these two kinds of strategies were compared. Results No significant difference was found in the cycles of no embryo transfer between SNP-PGD and aCGH-PGD. The normal rate in SNP-PGD was 33.8%, which was significant higher than that of aCGH-PGD. The clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer in SNP-PGD was higher than that in aCGH-PGD, but the misscarrage rate and embryo damage rate were lower than those in aCGH-PGD. Conclusions The PGD strategy of applying blastocyst biopsy, SNP array, embryo cryopreservation and thawed ET leads to a better clinical outcome. It may be a promising choice for future PGD treatment for carriers with chromosomal translocation.

Experimental study on infertility related antibody detection in female infertility / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study whether the correlation exists between 6 kinds of autoimmune antibodies and female infertility . Methods The protein microarray technique was adopted to detect serum antibodies of anti-sperm antibodies(ASAb) ,anti-endome-trial(AEmAb) ,anti-zona pellucida(AZpAb) ,anti-ovarian(AVoAb) ,anti-hCG(AhCG Ab) and anti-trophoblastic(ATAb) in 140 ca-ses of female infertility and the correlation between these 6 kinds of antibody with female infertility was evaluated .Results Com-pared with the control group ,except AvoAb ,the positive rates of other 5 kinds of antibody had statistically significant differences (P0 .05) .The positive rate of ANA had no statistical difference between the infertility group and the control group (P>0 .05) ,but the titers of ANA in the experimenter were ≥1∶100(6/7) and most of karyotypes were nuclear coarse (5/7) ,which was differed from the low positive titer in the control group .The positive rate of ANA had statistical difference between the infertility related antibody positive and the infertility related antibody negative in the infertility patients .Conclusion ASAb ,AZpAb AEmAb , AhCGAb and ATAb are related with female sterility .The combined detection of these 6 kinds of antibody can significantly increase the detection sensitivity .

Searching for drug targets in microbial genomes / 中国药理学通报

Genome sequencing and bioinformatics is driving the discovery of drug targets and development of novel classes of broad spectrum antimicrobial compounds. The analysis of the complete genome sequences of microorganism available in the public databases offers the first insights into the drug targets discovery. This review discusses the use of genomic information in the finding of target genes for antimicrobial drug discovery.