Registro de emisiones otoacústicas transientes basado en microcontroladores de alto rendimiento / Transient Otoacoustic Emissions Register based on High Performance Microcontrollers

La hipoacusia tiene una incidencia notable entre los recién nacidos. Una intervención temprana durante el período de maduración auditiva permite minimizar los efectos en el desarrollo intelectual del infante. Se propone el desarrollo de un Registrador de Emisiones Otoacústicas Transientes como parte de un sistema de cribado neonatal basado en microcontroladores de alto rendimiento. La prueba consiste en aplicar periódicamente un estímulo tipo chasquido para obtener la respuesta coclear. Se promedian las señales adquiridas y se aplica la Transformada Rápida de Fourier. El espectro obtenido es dividido en bandas de media octava para analizar la correlación y la relación señal-ruido. Si estos parámetros son mayores que los umbrales de referencia en la mayoría de las bandas, se considera al paciente apto para el desarrollo normal. El firmware fue implementado sobre el procesador STM32F405 y evaluado con el simulador Baby Isao; obteniéndose una sensibilidad del 87.5 por ciento y una especificidad del 93.75 por ciento(AU)

Hearing loss is highly incident among newborns. Early intervention during the period of auditory maturation allows adequate levels of intellectual development to be achieved. The development of a Transient Otoacoustic Emissions Recorder is proposed as part of a neonatal screening system based on high-performance microcontrollers. The test consists of periodically applying a click stimulus to obtain the cochlear response. The acquired signals are averaged and the Fast Fourier Transform is applied. The spectrum obtained is divided into half-octave bands to assess the correlation as well as the signal-noise ratio. If these parameters are greater than the reference thresholds in most of the bands, the patient is considered suitable for normal cognitive development. The firmware was implemented on the STM32F405 processor and evaluated with the Baby Isao simulator; obtaining a sensitivity of 87.5 percent and a specificity of 93.75 percent(AU)

Design and Implementation of A Portable Mobile Controlled Transcranial Direct Current Stimulator / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To design and implement a low-power and portable transcranial direct current stimulator controlled by mobile phones. Methods:The constant current stimulation circuit was realized by a field effect transistor, which could output stable and adjustable low-intensity direct current, and the impedance detection circuit and the over-current protection circuit increased the effectiveness and safety of the stimulator. The control and real-time detection of the stimulation circuit was realized through a microcontroller, and the parameters' settings of the stimulator and the display and preservation of the actual stimulus information were realized through the Android software on the smartphone. Results:The output current strength and accuracy, maximum load, as well as the timing, device connection, stimulus information collection and display all achieved the expected goals. Conclusion:The design realized the mobile control of the stimulator, with portability, low cost and low power consumption, providing a new solution for wider applications.

Development of wearable monitor for human vital signs and environment information / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a set of wearable device for dynamic monitoring of human vital signs and environmental information during exercise.Methods By using system integration mode,multiple sensor modules were integrated in the design of the device.A microcontroller was selected as the core of the hardware circuit.Then serial ports simulation was used to connect all sensors to the microcontroller.Wireless data transmission between the handset and the primary control module was implemented with Bluetooth component.Results The device behaved well in low energy consumption,small volume,low weight and data accuracy,and met the design requirements for wearable mobile monitoring device.Conciusion The device provides real-time data monitoring to the users so as to contribute to human health.

Smart Health Surveillance with Automated Database Using Android Mobile Device

ABSTRACT Smart Health Surveillance system is to measure and display the Electrocardiogram (ECG) and temperature of patient's body continuously and also to communicate to the doctor. The system measures ECG using infrared sensor and the temperatures at oral and wrist of the patient using temperature sensors. Microcontroller, receives the data from the sensors, displays the same and communicates to the web server automatically. In the existing system, patient's vital parameters are obtained and the obtained values are entered into database and then uploaded into a web-based server manually. The existing system has no alert signal, during abnormal condition to the surrounding and to the doctor. The proposed system consists of a visualization module of the server program, which graphically displays the recorded biomedical signals on android mobile devices used by doctors at the receiver end. It also gives a buzzer or an alarm in case of abnormal condition of the patient.

Design and Development of Ultrasound-based Wheelchair.

A wheelchair is a most commonly used machine in hospitals for patients, mainly those patients who cannot move or walk or who work with great difficulty. A patient on wheelchair has to depend on another person required to control the motion and direction of the wheelchair to avoid obstacles on their path since the patient is not in a condition to control the wheelchair himself. This makes the patient on the wheelchair dependant.1 The prototype of ultrasound-based wheelchair allows patient on the wheelchair to be self-dependant and the wheelchair itself controls the motion by avoiding obstacles in its path. This wheelchair is mainly designed for handicapped people (blind, limp patients mainly) for their domestic purposes. Ultrasoundbased wheelchair avoids obstacles on its path using ultrasound sensors.2 Once an obstacle is detected, the microcontroller gives signal to the motors of the wheel to perform appropriate actions as per the developed algorithm. The designed prototype causes no inconvenience to the patient and allows patient to move within the house or a specified hospital environment. The design cost of ultrasound-based wheelchair prototype is Rs 7000.

Digital controller design considering hardware constraints: application in a paraplegic patient

INTRODUCTION: A methodology was developed for implementing closed-loop control algorithms and for evaluating the behavior of a system, considering certain component restrictions used in laboratory implementation. METHODS: Mathematical functions representing a model of the biological system were used for knee extension/flexion movements. A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and another one using the root locus method were designed to control a patient’s leg position by applying functional electrical stimulation (FES). The controllers were simulated in Matlab and ISIS Proteus. After the simulations were performed, the codes were embedded in a microcontroller, and tests were conducted on a paraplegic volunteer. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that ISIS Proteus software resources have been used prior to implementing a closed-loop system designed to control the leg position of patients. RESULTS:This method obviates the application of initial controller tests directly to patients. The response obtained in the experiment with a paraplegic patient complied with the specifications set in terms of the steady-state error, the settling time, and the percentage overshoot. The proposed procedure was successfully applied for the implementation of a controller used to control the leg position of a paraplegic person by electrical muscle stimulation. CONCLUSION:The methodology presented in this manuscript can contribute to the implementation of analog and digital controllers because hardware limitations are typically not taken into account in the design of controllers.

Control system for continuous positive airway pressure

INTRODUCTION: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is a mode of non-invasive mechanical ventilation commonly used in neonatology. The incorporation of new therapeutic and technological advances may impact the survival of very low birth weight preterm infants. However, one of the difficulties faced is the high cost of this device and its numerous add-on functions, such as Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI), flow limitation, among others. Thus, in this study, we aim to address the design and construction of a CPAP device prototype to be used in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). METHODS: In order to design the experimental CPAP device with sensory instrumentation for providing data to a micro-controlled system, electro-pneumatic circuits and signal conditioning boards of sensors have been fitted to achieve optimized CPAP function with low energy consumption. While running this setup, a metrological study was carried out to evaluate the sensors' performance. The methodology employed for the study was the IDOV (Identify, Design, Optimize, and Validate) method, a variant of six sigma, to minimize the failure rates. It is expected that it works under valve activation to maintain positive pressure in the airways of the patient (neonate). RESULTS: The whole system performs satisfactorily (low noise level) for each assessed module. Additionally, it is emphasized that software development for application control has resulted in a significant improvement of hardware functions. CONCLUSION: In this work, a system that performs the CPAP function was obtained; the research has shown that, by adopting a specific purpose, it may create a better understanding of Assistive Technology.

Intelligent Wireless Patient Monitoring and Tracking System (Using Sensor Network and Wireless Communication).

Aim of our work is to monitor the human body temperature, blood pressure (BP), Pulse Rate and ECG and tracking the patient location. The human body temperature, BP, Pulse Rate and ECG are detected in the working environment; this can be sensed by using respective sensors. The sensed information is send to the PIC16F877 microcontroller through signal conditioning circuit in the patient unit. A desired amount of sensor value is set and if it is exceeded preliminary steps should be taken by the indicating by buzzer.The sensor information will be transmitted from the patient unit to the main controller unit with the help of Zigbee communication system which is connected with the microcontrollers in the both units. The main controller unit will send those sensed data as well as the location of that patient by the help of GPS Module to the observer/doctor. The observer/doctor can receive the SMS sent by GSM module and further decision can be taken. The message is sent to a mobile phone using Global system mobile (GSM) Modem. MAX232 was a driver between microcontroller and modem.

Development of an experimental instrument for testing the endurance of an animal hanging on a bar / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To develop an instrument that detects the endurance of an animal hanging on a bar during medical and pharmaceutical scientific experiments .Methods One pair of opto sensors were used for signal conversion .A solenoid valve device was used for water level .A 51-Series microcontroller was used to control the experimental setup and record the results .Results We have developed a microcontroller-based experimental instrument that can automatically detects the endurance of an animal hanging on a bar during medical and pharmaceutical scientific experiments .Our experimental results with 28 mice indicated that the applicability of the instrument is good .Conclusion The instrument provides an innovative tool for detecting the endurance of an animal .

High precision medical laser power density meter based on AVR microcontroller / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To research and design a kind of high accuracy laser power density meter to measure laser power density in clinical medicine,in order to combine laser with clinical medicine well.Methods The pyroelectric detector was used to convert the laser signal to available electrical signal,preamplifier filter circuit and control circuit were designed to match the detector,and C was used for software programming.With the combination of hardware and software design,a high precision laser power density meter was developed,which was based on AVR microcontroller.Results The instrument could measure the minimum 1 mW/cm2 of laser power density accurately and the error rate was 2％,which met the requirements of the laser power density meter parameters in medical application.Conclusion The power density meter has a high precision,small error rate and good stability,and it can measure the laser power density accurately.

Design of Medical Tilting-Table Control System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a medical tilting-table for recovery training of paralysis patients (including paraplegia, hemiplegia and quadriplegia). Methods Renesas 16-bit microcontroller, R8C/25, was used as controller. Danish Linak31 was used to drive the bed. Nixie tube was used to display prescription, angle of tilting table, treating time and music list. Results It worked stable with well-controlled angle. The error was only 1?. The display of nixie tube was good and stable. MP3 played well. Back-up power could provide power supply timely and stably in power failure. Conclusion Medical tilting-table has been successfully applied in clinic.

Design of Time-Triggered Embedded System based on ATmega128 / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop an embedded system by using time-triggered system and ATmega128.Methods Making use of the minimum system structure of ATmega128,a multitask system,which could be implanted into AVR CPU,was designed based on the singlechip with 8 bits and 51series.Results Time-Triggered Embedded System kept the controlling precision on ms degree and ensured a sensitive and rapid response to keyboard input.Conclusion Software designed by Time-Triggered Embedded System has advantage in real time,so it is applicable to minitype real time control system.

Design on portable dynamic electrocardiosignal data collector / 医疗卫生装备

The portable dynamic electrocardiosignal data collector is the important part in the dynamic ECG analysis system.In this paper,the writer introduces the principle of intelligent data collector system,which takes microcontroller as core,and discusses the points of hardware design and the arithmatic of data pretreatment software.

Design of digital body thermometer based on LM35 / 医疗卫生装备

In this paper, LM35 tempeture sensor is tested and shows good linear characteristics between 30 ℃ and 60 ℃, which provides a theoretical basis for making digital thermometer. A/D converting chip and 89c51 single chip micro -processor are employed in this digital body thermometer based on LM35. It possesses such advantages as low cost, high accuracy and excellent stability.

Design of mobile ECG monitoring microsystem terminal / 医疗卫生装备

Healthcare at home is accepted little by little with the development of medical service in the community. This paper introduces the design method of mobile ECG monitoring system terminal for healthcare at home. The adoption of active electrode and digital trap contributes to the elimination of the external interference. Low-power-consumption MSP430 micro-controller applied, the realtime acquisition, procession and transmission to PDA of ECG are performed.