The efficacy of oral Micronized Progesterone versus Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in the control of mild to moderate abnormal uterine bleeding - ovulatory Dysfunction (AUB-O) in adolescents: An open label randomized controlled trial

Objectives@#To determine the efficacy of micronized oral progesterone (OMP) versus Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) in the control and regulation of mild to moderate abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents with ovulatory dysfunction.@*Materials and Methods@#This is an open labelled Randomized Controlled Trial. Fifty patients with mild to moderate abnormal uterine bleeding were randomized to treatment with Medroxyprogesterone Acetate or Oral Micronized Progesterone.

El defecto inherente del endometrio causa fallo de implantación en Técnica de Reproducción Asistida / Inherent defect of the endometrium causes implantation failure in Assisted Reproductive Technique

Introduction. Implantation failure appears to be a significant factor in Assisted reproductive technique (ART) procedures. Even a mature endometrium may be non-receptive, preventing implantation or rejection of implanted embryo in early months of pregnancy, resulting in miscarriage or unexplained infertility with or without other associated factors. Objective. To investigate causes of failed implantation inspite of uneventful Grade I embryo transfer in ART procedure Material and Method. 90 women aged range between 25-40 yr old who visited Department of Reproductive Medicine at Calcutta Fertility Mission, over a period of 24 months(January 2017 to December 2019) , satisfying the inclusion criteria, were enrolled in this observational study. Endometrial aspirate histopathology was done along with ∞5ß3 integrin expression. They were treated with natural micronized progesterone (NMP) or oral dydrogesterone and results of endometrial changes were statistically analyzed. Results. 28.89% and 31.11% of women were seen to have mid-secretory changes of the endometrium after being treated with NMP and dydrogesterone respectively. Integrins were expressed in only 59.26% of women with mid-secretory endometrium and 5.41% of early secretory endometrium, which was statistically significant (p value <0.001). Conclusion. About 70% patients even after treatment with estrogen and progestin did not have adequate response in endometrial maturation. Not all patients with mid-secretory endometrium had integrin positive, when tested. NMP and oral Dydrogesterone have similar effect in endometrial maturation as well as in yielding successful pregnancy in some patients with previously failed In-vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

Consecuencias oncológicas y perinatales del tratamiento conservador de la fertilidad en pacientes con cáncer endometrial tratadas con progestinas / Oncological and perinatal results of conservative treatment of fertility in patients with endometrial cancer treated with progestins

Resumen OBJETIVO: Estimar la tasa de respuesta completa y de embarazo en mujeres con cáncer endometrial en tratamiento conservador con progestinas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte, retrolectivo y transversal efectuado en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología en mujeres con cáncer endometrial, en estadios tempranos, atendidas entre 2007 y diciembre de 2016. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes con límites de edad de 18 y 40 años, nulíparas, con deseo de fertilidad, haber sido tratadas con megestrol, DIU-levonorgestrel o progesterona micronizada durante seis meses. A todas las pacientes se les tomó una biopsia endometrial a los 6 y 12 meses. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y comparaciones entre mediciones, χ2 o t de Student según la distribución de cada variable. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 11 pacientes con cáncer endometrial con edad promedio de 32 ± 2.4 años. La biopsia tomada a los seis meses fue: respuesta completa en 6/11, respuesta parcial en 2/11 y persistencia en 2/11; en una paciente no se tomó la biopsia a los seis meses por embarazo, no hubo casos de progresión. A los 12 meses de seguimiento hubo 5 respuestas completas, 2 parciales, 2 persistencias, 1 caso de progresión de la enfermedad y otro que suspendió el tratamiento. Se efectuaron 8 ciclos de FIV en 6 pacientes con tasa de embarazo de 25%. La duración del tratamiento fue de 19.3 ± 8 meses, el seguimiento total fue de 31.6 ± 13 meses. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento conservador de la fertilidad con progestinas en pacientes con cáncer endometrial, en etapas tempranas, es factible y seguro. El embarazo debe intentarse inmediatamente después de una respuesta completa.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the complete response rate and pregnancy in women with endometrial cancer who have received conservative treatment with progestins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cohort, retrolective and transversal study carried out in the National Institute of Perinatology, in women with endometrial cancer in early stages between 2007 and December 2016. Including patients between 18-40 years, nulliparous, with desire for fertility. The progestins used were megestrol, IUD-levonorgestrel and micronized progesterone for six months. Endometrial biopsy was performed at 6 and 12 months; The result was classified as a complete, partial response, persistence or progression of the disease. Descriptive statistics and comparisons between baseline measurements at six and 12 months are used using student grid and / or t tests according to the distribution of each variable. It is a statistical program SPSS version 23 for Windows (Chicago, USA). RESULTS: 11 women with endometrial cancer were included. The average age of the women was 32 ± 2.4 years. Morbidity associated with hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Six-month biopsy was: complete response 6/11 partial response 2/11 and persistence 2/11, in one patient the biopsy was not performed at 6 months by pregnancy, there were no cases of progression. At 12 months of follow-up, there were 5 complete responses, 2 partial responses, 2 persistences, 1 case of disease progression and one case that discontinued treatment. Eight cycles of IVF were performed in 6 patients with a pregnancy rate of 25%, the duration of treatment was 19.3 ± 8 months, the total follow-up was 31.6 ± 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative fertility therapy with progestins in women younger than 40 years old with early-stage endometrial cancer is feasible and secure in our institution. Pregnancy must be sought immediately after a full response to the cancer treatment. Our findings are similar to the ones found in our systematic review of the international bibliography.

Efectividad del tratamiento de la amenaza de parto pretérmimo con progesterona natural micronizada / Effectiveness of treatment of threatened labor preterm micronized natural progesterone

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la progesterona natural micronizada administrada vía oral y del fenoterol administrado vía endovenosa, en el tratamiento de las pacientes con diagnóstico de amenaza de parto pretérmino. Métodos: Estudio experimental tipo ensayo terapéutico en pacientes que acudieron al Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Resultados: 15 pacientes del grupo estudio con progesterona presentaron resultados satisfactorios (X² = 155,837, df = 18); del grupo control, 13 pacientes con resultados satisfactorios (X² = 133,093, df = 18). La efectividad absoluta en el grupo de estudio fue de 0,68 contra 0,59 del grupo control (X² = 0,393; df = 1; P < 0,531). Conclusiones: Los tratamientos con progesterona natural micronizada y fenoterol demostraron ser inhibitorios de la dinámica uterina, a partir de la segunda hora de iniciado el tratamiento, evitando su progreso hacia trabajo de parto en un 90 %. La progesterona natural micronizada es efectiva en el tratamiento de la amenaza de parto pretérmino y se debe considerar su uso como alternativa terapéutica.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of micronized natural progesterone administered orally and intravenously administered fenoterol in the treatment of patients with a diagnosis of preterm labor. Method: The type of therapeutic trial in patients attended at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Results: 15 patients in the progesterone study showed satisfactory results (X² = 155.837 df = 18); the control group, 13 patients with satisfactory results (X² = 133.093 df = 18). The absolute effectiveness in the study group was 0.68 against 0.59 in the control group (X² = 0.393 df = 1, P < 0.531). Conclusions: Treatment with micronized natural progesterone and fenoterol proved inhibitory uterine dynamics from the second hour of starting treatment preventing its progress toward labor by 90 %. The micronized natural progesterone is effective in the treatment of preterm labor and should be considered as an alternative therapeutic use.

Vaginal Bleeding Patterns on Continuous Combined Hormone Replacement Therapy using Micronized Progesterone in Postmenopausal Women / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the patterns of vaginal bleeding on continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with micronized progesterone (MP), compared with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and to find any effects of body weight, body mass index, age of menopause, and duration of postmenopausal amenorrhea on these patterns of vaginal bleedings. METHODS: In continuous combined HRT using MP, 0.625 mg conjugate equine estrogen (CEE) and 100 mg MP were daily administered orally in 100 postmenopausal women. In continuous combined HRT using MPA, 0.625 mg CEE and 2.5 mg MPA were daily administered orally in 70 postmenopausal women. And we observed the vaginal bleeding patterns for six months after initiation of therapy. RESULTS: No vaginal bleeding or only slight vaginal spotting within 3 months were in 92 women (92%) in continuous combined HRT using MP. Only 8 women (8%) showed continuous bleeding for more than three months or heavy bleeding, so they stopped HRT or changed to other regimens. These were statistically significant lower rates of frequency of vaginal bleeding (35%) and drop out (8%), compared with the group using MPA (62.9%, and 42.9%) in our previous study. There were no statistically significant differences in the means of body weight, body mass index, and age of menopause between two treatment groups, but the mean of durations of postmanopausal amenorrhea was significantly longer in MP treatment group than that of MPA treatment group. In each treatment group, there were no statistically significant differences in the means of body weight, body mass index, duration of postmanopausal amenorrhea, and age of menopause according to the frequency of vaginal bleeding. CONCLUSION: Continuous combined HRT using MP showed less bleeding and better compliance than that using MPA.

The short-term effects of low-dose estrogen and micronized progesterone on bone turnover markers and serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is widely used for the relief of menopausal symptoms and the prevention of bone loss. But, it has been reported that many women discontinue hormone replacement therapy within early period, because the women suffer from breast pain, bleeding and weight gain. Also, further adverse influence of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk and breast cancer has been suggested. There are many controversies due to conflicting data of that. Recent studies suggest that low-dose estrogen provide bone benefits and micronized progesterone have favorable effects on lipid metabolism and breast density. This clinical trial evaluated the short-term effects of low-dose estrogen and micronized progesterone on bone turnover markers and serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women. METHODS: This was a 12-week study in which 90 postmenopausal women received hormone replacement therapy. Participants were assigned in equal numbers to the following groups: (1) daily treatment with 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with medroxyprogesterone acetate MPA 2.5 mg to 5 mg, daily or cyclically; (2) daily treatment with 0.625 mg CEE with micronized progesterone (MP) 100 mg to 200 mg, daily or cyclically; (3) daily treatment with 0.3 mg CEE with MP 100 mg to 200 mg, daily or cyclically. Changes in bone turnover markers and serum lipid profiles were assessed. RESULTS: At 12-week, all treatment groups significantly improved bone turnover markers and serum lipid profiles, specifically serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, urine deoxypyridinoline and serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. CEE 0.625/MPA and CEE 0.625/MP significantly decreased serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level. CEE 0.625/MPA significantly increased serum triglyceride level. CEE 0.625/MPA produced greater decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase level than CEE 0.625/MP and CEE 0.3/MP. CEE 0.625/MP produced greater increases in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol level than CEE 0.625/MPA. CEE 0.625/MPA produced greater increase in serum triglyceride level than CEE 0.3/MP. CONCLUSION: Low-dose estrogen and MP generally improved bone turnover markers and serum lipid profiles. But, MP produced lesser favorable effects on a part of bone turnover markers. MP produced significantly greater increases in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol than that of MPA. And Low-dose estrogen produced significantly lesser increases in triglyceride than that of conventional dose.

Experience of Simplified Protocols in In-Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Program / 대한산부인과학회잡지

During the past few years much effort has been put into simplifying the clinical man-agement of in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer cycles. One important step was the intro-duction of transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte collection, as previously described. This study describes further simplifications in the clinical management of ovarian stimulation and luteal support, and in-vitro fertilization procedure. During the period from October 1994 to September 1995, two major simplification steps were introduced. All cycles were administe-red with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist according to a long or short protocol preventing premature LH surge. During period I (Group I, n=62 cycles), closer monitoring by several pelvic ultrasound scans and serum oestradiol was used for monitoring the ovarian stimulation ; HTF media with fetal cord serum was used for insemination, growth and tran-sfer media in IVF-ET procedure ; progesterine in oil was daily used by intramuscular injec-tion for luteal support. During period II(Group II-I, n=71 cycles), only several ultrasound scans were used for monitoring the ovarian cycle ; Medi-cult IVF media containing synthetic serum replacement was used for insemination, growth and transfer media; Progesterine in oil was used daily by intramuscular injection for luteal support. During period III(Group II-II, n=16 cycles), further simplification of the clinical management was introduced by using a intravaginal micronized progesterone(Utrogestan) for luteal support. Retrospective analysis between Group I and Group II showed no differences in the number of oocyte(13.2+/-0.8/14.6+/-1.0), fertilization rate(71.5 %/60.7 %), cleavage rate(63.6 %/57.9 %), number of embryos transfered(5.0+/-0.5/4.5+/-0.5). Ongoing pregnancy rates obta ined from the three groups(Group I, Group II-1, Group II-II) were 25.8 %, 25 % and 40 %, respectively(p=ns). But introduction of minimal monitoring gave a significant reduction in the average number of US measurements in the simplified groups(Group II) compared with the group using the conventional monitoring protocol(Group I)(3.8+/-1.0/8.7+/-2.8, p<0.05). In the above groups, five patients developed severe OHSS but there was no differenc e in the distribution. Conclusively, simplified protocols including minimal follicle monitoring only by US, IVF-ET with Medi-cult IVF media containing synthetic serum replacement and the luteal support with intravaginal micronized progesterone gave a increased efficacy of the clinical phase of IVF treatment without a reduction in the success rate.