Leva militar y violencia en contra de la juventud en el Perú

(analítico) El servicio militar obligatorio en el Perú ha generado debates y controversias por la violencia con el que opera, tanto al obligar como al maltratar e incluso torturar a los jóvenes secuestrados. Recién a fines de los años 90 se demostraría la crueldad con la que se operaba, desmantelándose en el 2000. El artículo busca identificar dicha violencia mediante el encauzamiento que operaría en durante la década de 1960. Se aplicaron un total de 28 entrevistas a hombres y mujeres entre los 60 y 83 años. Como hipótesis se propone el uso de la discriminación y del autoritarismo para degradar a los sectores más populares del país. Así, las estrategias biopolíticas denigrantes instaladas persuadirían a la población de la necesidad de tales levas militares incurriendo en un juvenicidio legalizado.

(analytical) Compulsory military service in Peru has generated debates and controversies due to the violence with which it operates, both by forcing and mistreating and even torturing kidnapped youths. Only at the end of the 1990s would the cruelty with which it was operated be demonstrated, dismantling it in the year 2000. The article seeks to identify said violence through the channeling that would operate during the 1960s. Methodologically, a total of 28 interviews with men and women are applied between 60 and 83 years old. As a hypothesis, the use of discrimination and authoritarianism to degrade the most popular sectors of the country is proposed. Thus, the installed demeaning biopolitical strategies would persuade the population of the need for such levies, incurring in a legalized juvenile murder.

(analítico) O serviço militar obrigatório no Peru gerou debates e controvérsias devido à violência com que opera, tanto forçando e maltratando e até torturando jovens sequestrados. Somente no final da década de 1990 seria demonstrada a crueldade com que foi operada, desmantelando-a no ano de 2000. O artigo busca identificar essa violência por meio da canalização que operaria durante a década de 1960. Metodologicamente, um total de 28 entrevistas aplicam-se com homens e mulheres entre 60 e 83 anos. Como hipótese, propõe-se o uso da discriminação e do autoritarismo para degradar os setores mais populares do país. Assim, as estratégias biopolíticas aviltantes instaladas persuadiriam a população da necessidade de tais cobranças militares, incorrendo em um homicídio juvenil legalizado.

Changes in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor by different kind of military training / Cambios en el Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Cerebro por diferentes tipos de entrenamiento militar

Abstract Background: Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) serum levels change with age, physical exercise, and neuropsychiatric disorders such as dementia, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Military personnel are physically and mental training with an increased risk of developing mental disorders. Objective: The main objective of this study was determinate the BDNF serum levels in four military samples. 132 participants, administrative personnel (control) and three different Special Operations Forces (SOF) groups participated in the study. Methods: A first group of SOFS was on a training course (SOF-TC), second group exposed to 48 hours of operational stress (SOF-48hS) and third group exposed to two-weeks of operational stress (SOF-2wS). The mini interview was conducted and CAPS, and BNF levels were determined by ELISA assays. Results: Differences in age, were evaluated by ANOVA post-hoc Tukey´s. Differences in BNDF levels are evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis test post hoc Dunn's. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between BDNF and age. The SOF-TC had a BDNF elevation in comparison with Control group that could be related to age differences or the physical and mental training.SOF-2wS had decreased BDNF levels in comparison to the other groups that could be related to the psychosocial stress or other mental disorders such as PTSD. That group, 2 participants showed signs of PTSD. Conclusion: BDNF levels are an accurate method for the evaluation of mental health to prevent, diagnose & treat mental disorders in military personnel exposed to operational stress.

Resumen Introducción: Los niveles séricos del factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF) cambian con la edad, el ejercicio físico y los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos como la demencia, la depresión, la ansiedad, la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar. El personal militar está en formación física y mental con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar trastornos mentales. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar los niveles séricos de BDNF en cuatro muestras militares. Participaron en el estudio 132 individuos entre personal administrativo (control) y tres grupos diferentes de Fuerzas de Operaciones Especiales (SOF). Métodos: Un primer grupo de SOFS estaba en un curso de capacitación (SOF-TC), el segundo grupo expuesto a 48 horas de estrés operativo (SOF-48hS) y el tercer grupo expuesto a dos semanas de estrés operativo (SOF-2wS). Se realizó la minientrevista y se determinaron los niveles de CAPS y BNF mediante ensayos ELISA. Resultados: Las diferencias en edad, se evaluaron mediante ANOVA post hoc de Tukey. Las diferencias en los niveles de BNDF se evalúan mediante la prueba de Dunn post hoc de Kruskal-Wallis. Se utilizó la correlación de Spearman para analizar la relación entre BDNF y la edad. El SOF-TC tuvo una elevación de BDNF en comparación con el grupo control que podría estar relacionado con las diferencias de edad o el entrenamiento físico y mental, tal como PTSD. En ese grupo, dos participantes mostraron signos de PTSD. Conclusión: Los niveles de BDNF son un método preciso para la evaluación de la salud mental para prevenir, diagnosticar y tratar los trastornos mentales en el personal militar expuesto al estrés operativo.

A systematic review of hormone levels, biomarkers of cellular injury and oxidative stress in multi-stressor military field training exercises

ABSTRACT The fundamental objective of military field training exercises (FTX) is to prepare military personnel for real-life operations through simulated scenarios. These training sessions often require extreme physical efforts with prolonged, high-intensity exercises that can be combined with food restrictions and partial, or total, sleep deprivation. Such conditions can compromise an individual's physical performance and cause tissue damage, thus affecting their health. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature to identify studies that measured the changes in hormone levels and biomarkers of cellular injury and oxidative stress resulting from FTX with high levels of energy expenditure combined with food and sleep restrictions. PubMed and the Scopus database were searched for articles that combined physical effort/food restriction/sleep deprivation with military training. The initial database search identified 158 articles that were reduced to 18 after confirmation. Significant reductions were reported in thyroid hormones, T3, T4, and anabolic hormones such as testosterone, insulin and androstenedione. An exception for GH was found, which increased throughout FTX. Less distinct responses to FTX were observed with cortisol, TSH and LH. The presence of biomarkers for cellular damage (myoglobin, TNF, and CRP) and increased immune response activities were also described. The scarcity of information on oxidative stress, analyses of cellular injury and biomarkers of inflammatory responses warrants the future study of these topics, which could be helpful in facilitating the safe and effective physical preparations of the members of the armed forces.

Diversity of tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) in military training areas in Southeastern Brazil / Diversidade de espécies de carrapatos (Acari: Ixodidae) em áreas de instrução militar na região Sudeste do Brasil

Abstract Tick-borne pathogens belong to one of the two main groups of occupational biohazards, and occupational exposure to such agents puts soldiers at risk of zoonotic infections, such as those caused by rickettsiae. There are few studies on acarological fauna and occupational risk in military areas in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the diversity of ticks present in the military training areas of municipalities in the Southeast Region of Brazil. The ticks were collected from the selected areas using the dragging and flagging techniques as well as by visual detection on the operators' clothing, and environmental information was also recorded. A total of ten species were collected from the 66 surveyed areas, belonging to five genera and nine species: Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma aureolatum, Dermacentor nitens, Rhipicephalus spp., Ixodes spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. The frequent presence of tick species in military training areas along with traces and sightings of wild animals, most commonly capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), in most of the studied areas, indicates high levels of exposure of the military to tick vectors of spotted fever group rickettsiae and the possible occurrence of infections among the troops.

Resumo As doenças transmitidas por carrapatos estão entre os dois principais grupos de riscos biológicos ocupacionais. Tal exposição ocupacional de militares os colocam sob maior risco de adquirirem doenças zoonóticas, como infecções rickettsiais, entre outras. No Brasil, há raros estudos sobre fauna acarológica e o risco ocupacional em áreas militares. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a diversidade de carrapatos presentes em áreas de treinamento militar de municípios da região Sudeste do Brasil. Os carrapatos foram coletados nas áreas através de arrasto de flanela, bandeiramento e/ou coleta nas vestimentas do operador, sendo registradas também informações ambientais. Das 66 áreas pesquisadas, foram coletados 9.374 carrapatos, com uma diversidade de cinco gêneros, distribuídos em dez espécies: Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma spp., Dermacentor nitens, Rhipicephalus spp., Ixodes spp. e Haemaphysalis spp. A presença frequente de espécies de carrapatos nas áreas de instrução militar, associada aos vestígios e à presença de animais silvestres, mais comumente de capivaras na maioria das áreas estudadas, evidencia uma grande exposição dos militares a carrapatos vetores de rickettsias do Grupo da Febre Maculosa e a possível ocorrência de casos humanos nas tropas.

Cambios morfoestructurales en soldados conscriptos después de cuatro semanas de entrenamiento físico básico / Morpho-structural changes in conscript soldiers after four weeks of basic physical training

Introducción: El entrenamiento físico en la formación militar tiene por objetivo desarrollar la preparación física y psicológica frente a condiciones ambientales adversas. Objetivo: Determinar los cambios en la composición corporal y el somatotipo, producto del periodo de entrenamiento físico básico, en la formación militar de cuatro semanas de duración en soldados conscriptos. Método: Se evaluaron 28 varones (edad: 18,9 ± 0,9 años; estatura: 1,75 ± 0,1 m; masa corporal: 67 ± 8,7 kg; índice de masa corporal: 22,5 ± 2,4 y 70,88 ± 26,57 de ∑6 pliegues) que ingresaron al periodo de formación militar en la Fuerza Aérea de Chile, Base Quintero. Se entregó un consentimiento informado previo a la realización del estudio y se siguieron las indicaciones establecidas en la declaraciónn de Helsinki. Los participantes fueron sometidos a un plan de entrenamiento físico con una duración de 4 semanas, en las instalaciones del centro militar. Resultados: Con posterioridad al entrenamiento físico, hubo una disminución significativa de la masa adiposa (p < 0,01), con un aumento de la masa muscular (p < 0,01). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los componentes del somatotipo (Pre: 3,29 - 4,78 - 2,59 vs. Post: 2,73 - 4,72 - 2,73; p = 0,24). Conclusiones: Se concluye que el entrenamiento físico en militares, durante un periodo corto de cuatro semanas, provoca cambios rápidos y significativos en la composición corporal de los soldados; cambios que no alcanzaron a observarse en el somatotipo(AU)

Introduction: The objective of physical training in military training is to develop physical and psychological preparation in adverse environmental conditions. Objective: Determine the changes in body composition and somatotype product of basic physical training in military training for four weeks in conscript soldiers. Methods: 28 men were evaluated (age: 18.9 ± 0.9 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.1 m; weight: 67 ± 8.7 kg; BMI: 22.5 ± 2.4 and ∑6 folds 70.88 ± 26.57) who entered the period of military training in the Chilean Air Force, Quintero headquarters. Informed consent was given before the study; the indications established in the Declaration of Helsinki were followed. The participants were incorporated into a physical training plan for 4 weeks. The program was carried out in the facilities of a military center. Results: After physical training there was a significant decrease in adipose mass (p<0.01) and an increase in muscle mass (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the somatotype components (Pre: 3.29-4.78-2.59 vs. Post: 2.73-4.72-2.73; p = 0.24). Conclusion: It is concluded that physical training in the military, during a short period of four weeks, causes rapid and significant changes in the body composition of the subjects that are not observed with such clarity through the somatotype(AU)

Risk factors for stress fracture of lower limbs and future research direction / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Stress fractures of lower limbs are common for recruits and athletes, and affect their training to different extent. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the risk factors for the occurrence and development of stress fracture of lower extremity, then to raise the awareness of stress fracture of lower extremity and provide ideas for its prevention. METHODS: A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, WanFang and CNKI databases from January 2009 to July 2019 with the keywords of “stress fracture, fatigue fracture, overuse injury, risk factors, recruits” in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 786 relevant articles were retrieved, and 76 articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Sex and history of stress fracture have been identified as risk factors for stress fracture. Future studies should be inclined to identify the specific roles of other risk factors in the development of stress fracture. (2) In addition, biomechanical factors are likely to affect the occurrence of stress fracture of the lower limbs of recruits. (3) Therefore, improving the abnormal biomechanical parameters of the lower extremity during the training of recruits can develop a method to prevent the stress fracture of the lower limbs, and reduce the incidence of stress fracture through appropriate management.

Military training-related acute kidney injury / 解放军医学杂志

Military training-related acute kidney injury (MTRAKI) is a common and frequently occurring disease during training in war and peacetime, and severe MTRAKI may cause death and seriously affect the combat effectiveness of the army. The present paper focuses on the clinical features of MTRAKI, including clinical manifestations, classification and diagnosis, and also summarizes the predisposing factors, including the increase in training intensity, the decline in physical fitness of training personnel, environmental factors, nutritional status, energy intake level and genetic susceptibility. And the pathogenesis of MTRAKI was also discussed. It is believed that the redistribution of blood caused by military training can cause kidney ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, thus to cause or aggravate MTRAKI. For critically ill patients, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) can better stabilize the internal environment, remove toxins and inflammatory mediators, and greatly reduce mortality. The purpose of present paper is to improve the understanding of MTRAKI, reduce the incidence, and achieve early detection and timely treatment.

Risk factors survey and preventive measures analysis of grenade throwing fractures during the military training in recruits / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To analyze risk factors for grenade throwing fractures and put forward corresponding preventive measures for the fractures during the military training in recruits,so as to reduce the happen in the military training.Methods The research is case-control study.The trial group and the control group (39 patients each) were followed up and investigated.The investigation indicators included height,body mass index (BMI),whether drinking carbonated beverage frequently,literacy,osteoporosis,throwing training score,throwing posture,warm-up sufficiently,region,whether attend often physical exercise before recruitment,exercise strength,and weather factor.Results There were significant differences in the warm-up sufficiency,attending physical exercise before recruitment,exercise intensity,throwing posture,weather factor between trial group and the control group in recruits.The logistic regression analysis showed that the lack of physical exercise before recruitment,strong exercise intensity,nonstandard throwing posture were the risk factors in grenade throwing fractures in recruits.Conclusion Sufficient warm-up,avoiding exhausted exercise and assault exercise,strict training in accordance with the standard throwing posture,regular participation in physical exercise before recruitment and training in warm season are effective methods for preventing grenade throwing fractures in recruits.

Cognitive profile and Prevalence of Depression, Hopelessness and Suicide Risk in Youth Linked to the first level of Military Training School / Perfil cognitivo y prevalência de depresión, desesperanza y riesgo suicida en jóvenes vinculados al primer nivel de formación en una escuela militar colombiana

Resumen Este estudio evaluó el perfil cognitivo y los niveles de desesperanza, depresión y riesgo suicida en un grupo de jóvenes vinculados al proceso de formación de una escuela militar colombiana. En total participaron 114 sujetos, militares regulares de primer año (MR-1A), que representan la totalidad de un contingente particular; todos ellos hombres, con edades entre los diecisiete y los veintidós años, provenientes de hogares ubicados en la región Caribe (41%) y el centro del país (12%), sin ningún tipo de diagnóstico médico o mental relevante. Los resultados indican relaciones lineales y directamente promocionales entre todas las variables, con magnitudes significativas en lo referente a las relaciones depresión-desesperanza (rs= 0,295; ρ = 0,01) y depresión-riesgo suicida (rs= 0,478; ρ = 0,01), siendo esta ultima el reporte más elevado.

Abstract This study evaluated the cognitive profile and the levels of Hopelessness, Depression and Suicide Risk in a youth group linked to the process of forming a Colombian military school. A total of 114 subjects participated, regular military freshman, which representing an entire contingent particular; all male, aged between 17 and 22 years, from households in the Caribbean region (41%) and the center of the country (12%), without any relevant medical or mental diagnosis. The results indicate linear and directly promotional relationships between all variables with significant quantities in relation to depression-hopelessness (rs= 0,295; ρ = 0,01) and depression-suicide risk (rs= 0,478; ρ = 0,01) the latter being the highest report.

Effect of barracks military training and field long march on freshmen' mental health in military university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To study the effect of field long march comprehensive training on freshmen' mental quality and mental health in military university. Methods Mental quality questionnaire for army men (MQQA), symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and trait anxiety inventory (TAI) were carried out on 330 freshmen at various stages on their military training. All data were analyzed by paired-sample t test. Results ①As compared with pre-training, all SCL-90 factor scores except depression factor decreased significantly (P0.05). Conclusion Filed long march effectively improved mental health of military university recruits and relived their anxiety as well as depression.

Application of minimally invasive arthroscopy in knee joint injuries caused by longitudinal impact of military training / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the applicationof minimally invasive arthroscopy in the knee joint injuries caused by longitudinal impact of military training.Methods A total of 538 consecutive soldier outpatients diagnosed as knee joint injuries caused by longitudinal impact of daily military training in our hospital from January 2006 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the Principles about Diagnosis and Treatment of Military Training Injury,the general condition,injuries types and injury subject were performed the statistical analysis.The grading diagnosis and treatment strategy of impact injuries was proposed at first time according to the MRI examination results,injury type and severity.The patients needing operative therapy were screened out for conducting the arthroscopic operation according to this strategy.All the patients receiving surgeries were evaluated by the Lysholm scoring before and after operation.The subjective evaluation satisfaction investigation was performed.Results Seventy six cases received the arthroscopic surgeries,and all the cases were followed up successfully.The duration of following-up ranged 12-35 months.The Lysholm scores before operation was[46.3 ± 5.3]which were lower than [83.7±3.8] after operation,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).The wounds healed at the first stage,and no complications of nerve and blood vessel injury,infections,etc.occurred.The patients subjectively felt that the knee joint function was significantly improved,71 cases satisfied with the arthroscopic operation effect,the satisfactory rate was 93.4％.All the cases went back to the normal training life after surgeries.Conclusion For the knee joint injuries caused by longitudinal impact of military training,the prevention is the key role.On the basis of preliminary diagnosis by the physical examination and imaging examination,the treatment should be combined with the grading diagnosis.and treatment strategy.In the operation therapy,the minimally invasive arthroscopy as an examination and treatment means can more comprehensively evaluate the knee injury condition,timely repair injured meniscus and conduct the ligament reconstruction,which has small trauma and recovers rapidly,the patient can recover the routinemilitary training as soon as possible.The arthroscopy is the first choice of treatment scheme for the patients with grade Ⅲ or more injury.

Incidence of skin diseases among soldiers stationed in south-east coastal area of China and its influencing factors / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the epidemiology and causes of skin diseases in soldiers stationed in south-east coastal areas of China, and to put forward measures for prevention and treatment. Methods Multi-stage sampling including cluster sampling, stratified sampling and simple random sampling were used to select 625 soldiers stationed in the south-each coastal areas of China. They were surveyed by a questionnaire and received physical examination for skin diseases before diagnosing and prescribing. Logistic multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between skin disease and the possible causes of skin diseases. Results A total of 569 effective questionnaires were collected, and the participants ranged in age from 17-46 years old. t was found that 263(46. 40%) soldiers had skin diseases, which fell into 40 types, with a total of 346 onsets, mainly including infectious skin diseases (197 onsets, 56.94%), allergodermia (80 onsets, 23.12%) and psychosomatic skin diseases(33 onsets, 9. 54%). And the causes of the disease were complicated. Conclusion Skin diseases among soldiers stationed in south-east coastal areas of China are associated with the climate, environment, dress and equipment, and mental condition. More efforts should be made for a better living condition and habit, scientific military training, good knowledge of skin disease prevention, and more careful medical service to reduce skin diseases among the soldiers.

Clinical research on screening high risk groups of high intensive military training induced acute kidney injury / 军事医学

Objective No related training experience, no systematic training before military training, psychological negative emotions(tension and anxiety) and low frequency of physical activities(less than three times a week) have been considered as crucial risk factors of high intensive military training induced acute kidney injury.This paper aims to discuss whether these risk factors can be used for screening high risk groups.Methods Soldiers were divided into 5 groups based on the questionnaire survey:Group1 had no risk factor, Group2 had 1 risk factor, Group3 had 2 risk factors, Group4 had 3 risk factors, and Group5 had 4 risk factors.Urine samples were collected after 6 h and 24 h of 5 km armed military training.Kidney injury indicators were compared such as urine protein, urine occult blood test, urine micro-albumin ( mALB) , urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase( NAG) among different groups.Results As the risk factors increased, the incidence of positive urinary protein 6 h after training increased (x2 =101.8,P<0.001),and the levels of mALB and NAG of urine samples were elevated as well.The analysis among moderate and high risk groups(Group3-5) showed that the levels of mALB and NAG of urine samples 24 h after training increased with the number of risk factors.The mean value of these injury indicators reached to the maximum in Group 5.Conclusion No related training experience, no systematic training before military training, psychological negative emotions( tension and anxiety) and low frequency of physical activi-ties(less than three times a week) are independent risk factors of high intensive military training induced acute kidney inju-ry,which can be used for screening high risk individuals during training.

Observation on analgesic effect of oxycodone acetaminophen and celecoxib for military training injury / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of oxycodong acetaminophen and celecoxib on the military training injury,and provide a reliable evidence for the usage of drugs. Methods 90 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30),which were celecoxib group,oxycodone acetaminophen group and placebos group. The efficacy and safety were evaluatedv by the visual analogue score (VAS) before using the drug and the 2nd day,4th day,6th day,8th day after giving drugs. Results The VAS of celecoxib group at each time point were less than that of oxycodong acetaminophen group. And there were nearly no adverse reactions of celecoxib group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion The celecoxib has a good analgesic effect on military training injury and less adverse reactions. Which should be the first choice for paitents suffering from the pain of military training injury.

Reflection on medicare work during military training for college students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Medicare work runs throughout the whole process of military training and directly affects the quality of military training. Good preparation,medical service and preventive health care work were done to reduce the injury rate during military training from recognizing significances ,char-acteristics,rules and methods of medicare. Additional health-related military programs,targeted tech-nical and tactical training and optimization and integration of teachers are effective ways to expand the military direction,improve and enrich the content o military training.

Epidemiological sampling survey on military training-related injuries in PLA during 2009 and 2010 / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To conduct a random sampling survey in occurrence and distribution of military training-related injuries in the troops as the monitoring sites of the injury in the years of 2009 and 2010 for analyzing the epidemiological features and trend of the injury. Methods Ten troops as the monitoring site were randomly selected for the survey, and soldiers who participated in military training in the years 2009 and 2010 served as the objects of the survey. Data concerning military trainingrelated injuries were collected and analyzed according to the "Diagnostic Criteria and Treatment Principle on Military Training- Related Injury". Results Among the 63132 soldiers who participated in various military trainings, 10775 suffered from military training-related injuries in 2009 and 2010. Among which, 4076 out of the 27230 soldiers who participated in military training in 2009 suffered from training-related injury, with an incidence of 15%; while 6699 out of the 35902 soldiers who participated in military training in 2010 suffered the injury, with an incidence of 18.7%. There was a significantly higher incidence of military training-related injuries in 2010 (P<0.01). The composition ratios of osteoarticular, soft tissue, and organ injuries were 33.5%, 48.4%, and 18.1% in 2009, and 19.7%, 73.3%, and 7% in 2010, respectively. The composition ratio of organ and osteoarticular injury decreased, while that of soft tissue injuries increased significantly. Two peaks of training injuries were seen both in 2009 and 2010. Conclusions More attention should be paid to the prevention of injuries related to military training. The key to reducing the incidence of military training-related injuries is to enhance the dissemination of information about military training-related injuries and strictly carry out the "Rule for Health Protection in Military Training".

Clinical study of lateral patellofemoral crush syndrome caused by military training / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore diagnostic method and surgical outcome of lateral patellofemoral crush syndrome caused by military training. Methods Fifteen patients with lateral patellofemoral crush syndrome caused by military training from May 2006 to May 2008 were enrolled in this study, including 12 men (14 knees) and 3 women (3 knees), aged from 22 to 43 years old with an average of 27.3 years. Randomly selected 18 healthy volunteers with similar age and gender but no knee pain symptom were selected to serve as a control group. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray photographs of knee joint and axial photographs of the patella were taken in both groups for observing the bone architecture of the knee joint and measuring the femoral trochlear angle, patellofemoral congruence angle and patellofemoral index, and the data were compared. The 17 knee joints in patient group were treated with lateral patellar retinaculum release. Then the preoperative and postoperative pain severity was evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Patellofemoral congruence angle was 7.67°± 5.81° and patellofemoral index was 2.49±1.40 in patient group, while they were -2.2°±-2.71° and 1.25±0.15 in control group. The difference between two groups showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). The change in bone architecture was obvious in patient group. The preoperative pain score was 7.06±0.85, and postoperative pain score was 3.87±0.24 after 6 months and 3.01+0.17 after 1 year in patient group. The difference between preoperative pain score and postoperative pain score showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions Diagnosis of patellofemoral crush syndrome caused by military training requires a combination of case history, typical symptoms, objective sign and X-ray examination. Among these, X-ray examination is the fundamental auxiliary diagnostic tool for lateral patellofemoral crush syndrome, and the patellofemoral index is convenient for diagnosis.

Descriptive analysis on military training injuries in a special force corps / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To explore the incidence, causes, training courses at high risk and location of the body of training injury in a special force corps, provide evidence for effective prevention of the injury.[Method]A questionnaire on training injuries and relative situations, and review of medical records from Nov 2005 to Oct 2006 were performed in 823 soldiers and officers in a special force corps at Nov 2006. Data were input into computers after quantization, and descriptive analysis was conducted with SPSS 13.0 software. [Result]Of 823 soldiers and officers, 738 (89.67%) experienced one or more injuries in that year, 525 (63.79%) were affected in normal training, 221 (26.85%) lost more than one training day due to the injuries. Confirmed with the medical records, 213 (25.90%) lost more than one training day due to injuries. A total of 1696 injuries occurred in 823 soldiers and offices in that year, of them, 1263 injuries interfered with normal training. Injury rate was 12.78 per 100 per month. 24.12% of injuries were due to over-exertion, 15.86% due to accident and 13.33% due to environmental field. Injury occurred mainly in runing related training courses including 5km running (22.17%) and 400m obstacle running (20.87%), followed by weight lifting (9.67%). The most frequent site of injury was the lower extremities, accounted for 65.74 % of the inj urie s including the foot ( 18.75 %),the ankle (13.50%), the leg (13.56%) and the knee (14.39%), followed by low back (14.21%). [Conclusion]Persistent over-exertion basic training, the courses at high risk of injury, should be improved in focus. Lower extremities and low back, the most frequent locations of injury, should be taken as key points of prevention and treatment of training injury.

Investigation in lower extremiy injuries of new recruits in a Chinese special military force / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective] To study the features in lower extremiy injuries of new recruits in the Chinese special military force during Basic Training Program,and supply scientific precautionary measures to reduce the military training injury.[Method]A special military force group had been chosen and the circumstance of military injuries in lower extremiy had been observed from Jan.to March in 2006.The population selected for study included all 281 new recruits of the unit.A questionnaire was designed to document all of the correlated information,and all injuried soldiers were examined and inquired about the case history.All data had been classified for analysis.[Result]In all 281 samples,75 cases occurred lower extremiy injuries(up to 26.69%).In all lower extremiy injuries,35 cases were leg injuries(up to 46.67%),17 cases were ankle injuries(up to 22.67%),11 cases were foot injuries(up to 14.67%).In all injuries,20 cases were acute injuries(up to 26.67%),55 cases were excess fatigue injuries(up to 73.33 %).In all injuries,38 cases were bone and joint injuries(up to 50.67%),37 cases were soft tissue injuries(up to 49.33%).The reasons for injuries were training field(l 8 cases),exercise overload(61 cases).In all training programs,64 cases were occured in 3 kilo run.[Conclusion]Lower extremiy injuries are common and frequently occurring illness.The features and methods of injuries are different and complicated.In this study,excess fatigue injuries caused by exercise overload were the most important.After comprehened the occurring rule,it should be emphasized on health propaganda.During basic military training,we should pay attention to soldiers' health condition.Training should be carried out step by step,to reduce the occurrence lower extremiy training injuries.

Considerations on the establishment of emergency medical rescue contingent / 医学研究生学报

The establishment of emergency medical rescue contingent is required by the current situation of militarized disaster rescue as well as by the extension of the army's missions and responsibilities in the new era.In view of the experience in the training for the preparation against war,the authors approached the establishment of the emergency medical rescue contingent in the hospital in the following aspects:preliminary organization,function identification,module formation,equipment provision,and special training.