The Use of Escherichia coli for Recombinant Human Insulin Production

Insulin is the essential hormone produced by the pancreas. which is accountable for sanctioning glucose we acquire from our food sources to be deposited in our body cells. Without insulin, our bodies cannot control blood sugar levels, so insulin is a vital hormone for survival. A diabetic person either does not produce insulin or is resilient to it for a multiple reasons. Because of this, they need insulin injections to process glucose. It has become stress-free for patients around the world to acquire insulin with the production of recombinant human insulin produced by Escherichia coli . This short review will provide an overview of the steps engaged in constructing recombinant human insulin utilizing the K12 strain of E. coli along with the prominence of recombinant insulin and why E. coli is most commonly used for insulin production.

Cloreto e status hidroeletrolítico e ácido-básico: importância clínica da determinação laboratorial / Chloride and hydroelectrolytic and acid base status: clinical importance of laboratorial determination

Apesar de o cloreto ser um exame amplamente disponível e solicitado em instituições de saúde, a maior pane dos médicos crê ser difícil interpretar seus resultados, estabelecer correlações com outros parâmetros laboratoriais associados e tomar decisões terapêuticas baseadas no mesmo. Devido à complexidade de sua homeostase e à intrincada correlação com o status hidroeletrolítico e ácido-básico, poucos médicos se sentem efetivamente aptos a aproveitar a valiosa informação clínica que ele pode revelar. Isto é agravado pela rarefeita bibliografia objetiva sobre o tema. Os autores desta revisão não foram capazes de encontrar nenhum capítulo especificamente dedicado ao cloreto nos principais livros-texto de Fisiologia, Clínica Médica e Nefrologia, disponíveis, à exceção de três revisões bibliográficas no Medline. Não obstante, tentamos organizar a informação tão claramente quanto possível, com o objetivo de tornar o cloreto uma ferramenta útil aos nossos colegas profissionais de saúde.

Even though chloride is a widely available and requested test in health institutions, most part of physicians find it difficult to interpret its results, establish correlations with other laboratory linked parameters and take therapeutic decisions based on it. Due to the complexity of its homeostatic balance and intrincated correlation to hydroelectrolytic and acid base status, few doctors feel actually able to fully profit from the valuable clinical information it can unfold. This is aggravated by the scarce objective bibliography on the issue. The authors of this review were not able to find any chapters specifically dedicated to chloride on major Physiology, Internal Medicine and Nephrology textbooks, but only three reviews on Medline. Nevertheless, we managed to organize the information as clearly as possible with the aim of making chloride test an useful tool to our fellow health professionals.