A key issue of national health in China: excess energy intake and oxidative inflammation / 中国中药杂志

This study expounded the great impacts of excess energy intake and oxidative inflammation on national health in China and put forward the pathological mirror-image hypothesis of the relationship between obesity and oxidative inflammation. On this basis, an ideological framework was constructed to deal with oxidative stress and oxidative inflammation centered on the development of natural antioxidant products. The study contained the following four parts: the ways to improve national health in China; the promotion of cognition to oxidative inflammation to improve national health in China; prospects for the prevention and treatment of oxidative inflammation in China; the reason why Northwest Yunnan is a good place to develop high-quality natural antioxidants.

Evolution of mirror-image pain in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis mouse model

Abstract Mirror-image pain is a kind of pain that occurs on the contralateral side, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objective To develop an osteoarthritis mouse model for investigating mirror-image pain through observing nocifensive behaviors, histological changes, and nociceptive activity at days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after the chemical induction of unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis. Methodology We randomly divided 6-week-old mice into sham and complete Freund adjuvant groups. To induce nocifensive behaviors, we applied 0.04 g of von Frey filament, 10 psi of air puff, and cold acetone on both sides of whisker pads at different days. The histology of TMJ on both sides was observed by hematoxylin/eosin staining and microcomputed tomography scanning. Furthermore, the nociceptive activity was evaluated using the phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and a microglia marker at different days in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. Results Nocifensive behaviors against mechanical and temperature stimuli on the contralateral side became stronger than the baseline on day 28, in agreement with the elevation of the pCREB and the microglia marker in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. Thus, hypernociception on the contralateral side occurred at day 28. Conclusions Clearly, the TMJ model with unilateral osteoarthritis exhibited mirror-image pain. Therefore, this model is useful in investigating the pathogenesis of pain and in developing treatments.

O Legado Walloniano em Lacan: o Estágio do Espelho e a Prematuração / The Wallonian Legacy in Lacan: the Mirror Stage and Prematurity / El Legado Walloniano em Lacan: el Estádio del Espejo y la Prematuración

O artigo apresenta uma análise conceitual e estrutural de textos selecionados de Lacan e de Wallon, a fim de identificar evidências da influência exercida por Wallon sobre a teoria do imaginário elaborada por Lacan nos anos 1930 e 1940. No entanto, discutem-se também os pontos de discordância entre os dois. Para isso, o artigo aborda especificamente os temas da imagem especular e da prematuração na experiência vivida pela criança no estágio do espelho. Foi realizada análise comparativa dos trabalhos dos dois autores, destacando a influência da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento de Wallon sobre as formulações iniciais de Lacan acerca das funções da imagem especular e da prematuração. Trata-se, enfim, de identificar as implicações dessas conexões teóricas entre a teoria do imaginário desenvolvida por Lacan em sua obra inicial e a psicologia do desenvolvimento de Wallon e de defender a relevância dessas contribuições para a compreensão desse momento específico da construção do corpus lacaniano. A importância e os desdobramentos dessa influência não parecem ter sido ainda detalhadamente examinados pela literatura da área....(AU)

This article presents a conceptual and structural analysis of selected texts by Lacan and Wallon in order to find evidence of the influence exerted by Wallon on the theory of the imaginary developed by Lacan in the 1930s and 1940s. However, the points of disagreement between them are addressed as well. For this, the article specifically addresses the issues of the mirror image and prematurity in the child's experience with the mirror stage. A comparative analysis of the works of the two authors was made, highlighting the influence of Wallon's developmental psychology on Lacan's early formulations on the functions of the mirror image and prematurity. Finally, it is a question of identifying the implications of these theoretical connections between the theory of the imaginary developed by Lacan in his early work and Wallon's developmental psychology and to argue for the relevance of these contributions to the understanding of this specific moment of the construction of the Lacanian corpus. The importance and the ramifications of this influence do not seem to have yet been examined in detail by the literature of the field....(AU)

El artículo presenta un análisis conceptual y estructural de textos seleccionados de Lacan y de Wallon, a fin de identificar evidencias de la influencia ejercida por Wallon sobre la teoría del imaginario elaborada por Lacan en los años 1930 y 1940. Sin embargo, se discuten también los puntos de desacuerdo entre los dos. Para ello, el artículo aborda específicamente los temas de la imagen especular y de la prematuración en la experiencia vivida por el niño en el estadio del espejo. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de los trabajos de los dos autores, destacando la influencia de la psicología del desarrollo de Wallon sobre las formulaciones iniciales de Lacan acerca de las funciones de la imagen especular y de la prematuración. Se trata, en fin, de identificar las implicaciones de esas conexiones teóricas entre la teoría del imaginario desarrollada por Lacan en su obra inicial y la psicología del desarrollo de Wallon y de defender la relevancia de esas contribuciones para la comprensión de ese momento específico de la construcción del corpus lacaniano. La importancia y los desdoblamientos de esa influencia no parecen haber sido todavía detalladamente examinados por la literatura del área....(AU)

Research on mechanism and influencing factors of mirror-image artifact of color Doppler flow beside pulmonary artery / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the mechanism and influencing factors of mirror-image artifact of color blood flow (MACBF) due to longitudinal strong echo big interface (LSEBI).Methods Fifty suspicious patients with MACBF beside the main pulmonary artery and/or the left pulmonary artery undergoing echocardiography examination from November 2018 to April 2019 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were chosen as the subj ects.Image characteristics of the MACBF were observed, and mechanism and influence factors of the MACBF were explored with Doppler imaging principle.Results Of all the subjects with MACBF,36 subjects occurred only on the left side of the main pulmonary artery,14 subj ects occurred on both the left side of the main pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary artery.The LSEBI was found between the real color blood flow (RCBF) and the MACBF,there was a mirror relationship between the RCBF and the MACBF.The LSEBI on the left of the main pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary artery were the interface of the left lung and pleural.The signal strength of MACBF enhanced as the distance between the blood flow and the LSEBI got closer or the gain of the color blood flow got bigger.Conclusions MACBF may caused by LSEBI beside vessel.The formation of MACBF and its signal strength are influenced by the distance between blood flow and LSEBI and the gain of the color blood flow.

The Impact of Paliperidone Palmitate on Hospitalization in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Mirror-image Study

OBJECTIVE: Whether long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) are superior to oral antipsychotics remains a controversial question, and results vary depending on the study design. Our study was performed to compare outcomes of oral anti-psychotics and paliperidone palmitate (PP) in clinical practice by investigating the numbers of admissions and bed days. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational mirror-image study at a single medical center, reviewing medical charts to obtain the clinical data. Forty-six patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had received at least two doses of PP were included in the analysis. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the numbers of bed days and admissions 1 year before starting PP with those numbers at 1 year after. RESULTS: The mean number of admissions fell from 0.83 to 0.17 per patient (p < 0.0002), and the median fell from 1 to 0. The mean number of bed days decreased significantly, from 24.85 to 8.74 days (p < 0.006). The outcomes remained similar in sensitivity analyses set up with different mirror points. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that initiating PP reduced the mean numbers of hospital admissions and bed days compared with prior oral medication. LAIs may thus be cost effective in practice; its use bringing about cost reductions greater than its purchase cost.

Research on mechanism and influencing factors of mirror-image artifact of color Doppler flow beside pulmonary artery / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective@#To explore the mechanism and influencing factors of mirror-image artifact of color blood flow (MACBF) due to longitudinal strong echo big interface (LSEBI).@*Methods@#Fifty suspicious patients with MACBF beside the main pulmonary artery and/or the left pulmonary artery undergoing echocardiography examination from November 2018 to April 2019 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were chosen as the subjects. Image characteristics of the MACBF were observed, and mechanism and influence factors of the MACBF were explored with Doppler imaging principle.@*Results@#Of all the subjects with MACBF, 36 subjects occurred only on the left side of the main pulmonary artery, 14 subjects occurred on both the left side of the main pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary artery. The LSEBI was found between the real color blood flow (RCBF) and the MACBF, there was a mirror relationship between the RCBF and the MACBF. The LSEBI on the left of the main pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary artery were the interface of the left lung and pleural. The signal strength of MACBF enhanced as the distance between the blood flow and the LSEBI got closer or the gain of the color blood flow got bigger.@*Conclusions@#MACBF may caused by LSEBI beside vessel. The formation of MACBF and its signal strength are influenced by the distance between blood flow and LSEBI and the gain of the color blood flow.

Analgesic effect and central mechanisms of CQ prescription on cancer invasion induced mirror image pain in model mice / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to analyze the analgesic effect and related central mechanisms of CQ prescription on cancer invasion induced mirror image pain (CIIMIP)in model mice.In the study, male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group, operation control group (injected with 0.2 mL inactivated S180 sarcoma cell sap), model group (injected with 0.2 mL S180 sarcoma cell sap on the right leg near the greater trochanter of femur) and CQ prescription low dose group (intraperitoneally injected with CQ prescription 100 mg•kg⁻¹ on the basis of model mice), CQ prescription middle dose group (intraperitoneally injected with CQ prescription 150 mg•kg⁻¹ on the basis of model mice), and CQ prescription high dose group (intraperitoneally injected with CQ prescription 200 mg•kg⁻¹ on the basis of model mice). Mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) of the mirror image lateral hind paws were evaluated by Von Frey hairs before modeling and after surgery. The levels of glutamate (Glu), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine (Gly), and taurine (Tau) in the L3-L5 spinal cord were measured by the high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD); AimPlex detection technology with multiple factors was used to detect the levels of regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-3) in the L3-L5 spinal cord. Then we observed the influence of GABAa receptor antagonist (Bicuculline) on analgesic effect of CQ prescription.The results indicated that CQ prescription could remarkably increase MWT of model mice(P<0.01, P<0.05), decrease the level of Glu(P<0.01, P<0.05), improve the levels of GABA, Gly, Tau(P<0.01, P<0.05), lower the ratio of Glu/GABA(P<0.01, P<0.05), and reduce the levels of RANTES, MCP-3(P<0.05) in the L3-L5 spinal cord, and GABAa receptor antagonist significantly blocked the analgesic effect of CQ prescription at two time points(P<0.05).This study showed that CQ prescription had significant analgesic effect on CIIMIP model mice, and its mechanism was associated with regulating the balance between excitability amino acid(EAA) and inhibitory amino acid (IAA) transmitters in central nervous system, partially activating GABAa receptor, and reducing the release of RANTES and MCP-3 in the spinal cord.

Value of 3D printing technique in the treatment of adult displaced clavicle fracture / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the clinical value of 3D printing technique in the treatment of adult displaced clavicle fracture.Methods The clinical data of forty adult patients with displaced clavicle fracture treated in Yan' an University Affiliated Hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected.According to different surgical methods,the patients were divided into group A and group B,with 20 cases in each group.The group A received the CT scan of the uninjured lateral clavicle before operation to obtain the original data.The mimics 17.0 software was used to perform 3D reconstruction and to generate the affected side mirror model.The 3D printer was introduced to print the affected mirror model.According to the model of preoperative planning,minimally invasive surgery was performed under model guidance.The group B(20 cases)was underwent minimally invasive surgery via conventional C arm fluoroscopy.The operation time,blood loss,fluoroscopy times and postoperative hospital stay in the two groups were recorded.The VAS scores of shoulder joint pain and Neer score of shoulder joint function at 3 days after operation and the last follow-up were recorded.Results All patients received postoperative follow-up for nearly 6 months.The operation time of the two groups were(35.8±11.6)min and(50.1+15.5)min(t=3.303,P=0.002),the intraoperative blood loss were(38.4±9.3)ml and(60.3±10.2)ml(t=7.095,P=0.000), respectively,the fluoroscopy times of the two groups were(5.2±1.6)times and(9.7±2.1)times(t=7.622,P=0.000)respectively,the postoperative hospitalization stay were(6.7±0.5)d and(7±0.6)d(t=1.717,P=0.093),the differences were statistically different.The VAS scores of shoulder joint pain and Neer score of shoulder joint function at 3 days after operation and the last follow-up in both two groups were improved significantly than those in preoperative(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the two scores between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion 3D printing technique assisting minimally invasive surgery for displaced clavicle fractures in adults has the advantages of shorter operation time,less intraoperative blood loss and less fluoroscopy.The clinical follow-up Results are satisfactory.

Value of 3D printing technique in the treatment of adult displaced clavicle fracture / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the clinical value of 3D printing technique in the treatment of adult displaced clavicle fracture.Methods The clinical data of forty adult patients with displaced clavicle fracture treated in Yan' an University Affiliated Hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected.According to different surgical methods,the patients were divided into group A and group B,with 20 cases in each group.The group A received the CT scan of the uninjured lateral clavicle before operation to obtain the original data.The mimics 17.0 software was used to perform 3D reconstruction and to generate the affected side mirror model.The 3D printer was introduced to print the affected mirror model.According to the model of preoperative planning,minimally invasive surgery was performed under model guidance.The group B(20 cases)was underwent minimally invasive surgery via conventional C arm fluoroscopy.The operation time,blood loss,fluoroscopy times and postoperative hospital stay in the two groups were recorded.The VAS scores of shoulder joint pain and Neer score of shoulder joint function at 3 days after operation and the last follow-up were recorded.Results All patients received postoperative follow-up for nearly 6 months.The operation time of the two groups were(35.8±11.6)min and(50.1+15.5)min(t=3.303,P=0.002),the intraoperative blood loss were(38.4±9.3)ml and(60.3±10.2)ml(t=7.095,P=0.000), respectively,the fluoroscopy times of the two groups were(5.2±1.6)times and(9.7±2.1)times(t=7.622,P=0.000)respectively,the postoperative hospitalization stay were(6.7±0.5)d and(7±0.6)d(t=1.717,P=0.093),the differences were statistically different.The VAS scores of shoulder joint pain and Neer score of shoulder joint function at 3 days after operation and the last follow-up in both two groups were improved significantly than those in preoperative(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the two scores between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion 3D printing technique assisting minimally invasive surgery for displaced clavicle fractures in adults has the advantages of shorter operation time,less intraoperative blood loss and less fluoroscopy.The clinical follow-up Results are satisfactory.

Prenatal diagnosis of isolated mirror-image right aortic arch with vascular ring by fetal echocardiography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To improve the prenatal echocardiographic diagnostic accuracy for fetus with isolated mirror-image right aortic arch which combined with vascular ring by analyzing and accumulating its echocardiographic features.Methods Echocardiographic signs were analyzed retrospectively and fetal echocardiographic features were accumulated in 16 cases with prenatal diagnosis of isolated mirror-image right aortic arch with left-side ductus arteriosus which formed vascular ring between January 2014 and February 2016.All cases were confirmed by neonatal echocardiography.Results The fetal echocardiography characters:① In 3-vessel and trachea view,fetal right aortic arch was demonstrated a Ushaped appearance of the great vessels,the right arm of the ‘ U’ represented the aortic arch and its left branch with ductal continuation.② In 3-vessel and trachea view or upper axial mediastinal transverse view,left innominate artery passed straightly to the left of the trachea.Left innominate artery and right-side ductus arteriosus were overlapped and the distance of two vessels was very close.③ In double arch view and longitudinal view for ductus,Left innominate artery did not connect to descending aorta or ductus arteriosus and did not involve in the formation of vascular ring.④ Color Doppler played an important role in diagnosis of this disease.Power Doppler or high-definition imaging easily showed color overflow and wrongly displayed the crossed relationship of left innominate artery with descending aorta as the anatomical connection,and caused the misdiagnosis of this disease as double aortic arch.Conclusions Isolated mirrorimage right aortic arch with vascular ring is not rare in the fetal period.Because ductus arteriosus is large and patent during the prenatal period,it is easily mistaken for the crossed relationship of left innominate artery with descending aorta as the anatomical connection and finally misdiagnoses this anomaly as double aortic arch.The keys to accurate diagnosis of the disease are clearly visualization of the innominate artery and its relationship with descending aorta and ductus arteriosus by scanning different views.

Effect of preemptive local injection of ropivocaine with dexmedetomidine on mirror pain in rats and its mechanism

Objective: To observe the effect of preemptive local injection of ropivocaine with dexmedetomidine on activation of glial cells and on the mirror pain in rats and its mechanism. Methods: A total of 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 180 g-220 g) were included in the study and randomized into 3 groups, Group S, Group R, and Group RD

"Clinical significance of "" mirror image"" of patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction predicted" / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the role ofmirror image on arterial lesion severity of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with electrocardiograrn(ECG) reciprocal lead ST segment,as well as its clinical prognosis.Methods Totally 167 STEMI patients with completed data were enrolled in present study.The patients were divided into four groups according to the amplitude of corresponding lead ST segment.Group Ⅰ consisted of 33 patients with non ST depression and group Ⅱ consisted of 97 patients whose amplitude of corresponding lead ST segment were less or equal to the amplitude of the ST segment elevation in myocardial infarction area.Group Ⅲ consisted of 25 patients whose amplitude of corresponding lead ST segment was larger than the amplitude of the ST segment elevation and group Ⅳconsisted of 12 patients whose corresponding ST segment and ST segment in myocardial infarction area were all elevated.The culprit artery lesion and clinical prognosis were compared between the four groups.Results There were significant differences in terms of the extent of lesion stenosis and the number of coronary artery stenosis among the four groups (x2 =13.49,P＜0.05;x2=78.34,P＜0.01).In Ⅳ group,the prognosis indices included pump failure,low blood pressure,malignant arrhythmia,ventricular wall incoordination,left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 50％ and inhospital mortality significantly increased(P＜0.01).Conclusion Different corresponding ST segment depression in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction can forecast the culprit artery lesion and clinical prognosis.

Roles of neurochemicals in central nerve system of mirror image pain in cancer invasion pain model and effects of gabapentin on them / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the roles of neurochemicals as Glu, GABA in the spinal cord and SP, DynA1-13 in the cerebral cortex of mirror image pain in cancer invasion pain model and the effects of gabapentin on them.Methods Male BALB/c mices were randomly divided into native group, sham group (injected inactivated S180 sarcoma cell sap), model group (injected 0.2 mL of S180 sarcoma cell sap on the right leg near the greater trochanter of femur) and GBP group (intraperitoneally injected gabapentin 120 mg/kg on the basis of model mice).Mechanical withdraw threshold of the ipsilateral and contralateral hind paw were evaluated by Von Frey hairs before and after surgery.The levels of Glu and GABA in the L3-L5 spinal cord were measured by the high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector ( HPLC-FLD ) and radioimmunoassay was used to detect the concentrations of SP and DynA1-13 in the cerebral cortex.Results The mechanical withdraw threshold of contralateral mirror sites in model mice appeared same trend and approximate degree of decline, following the generation of cancer invasion pain of ipsilateral hind paw.Compared with native group, the concentrations of Glu in the spinal cord and SP in the cerebral cortex in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the levels of GABA in the spinal cord and Dyn A1-13 in the cerebral cortex in model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01).Gabapentin could significantly increase the bilateral mechanical withdraw threshold of model mice and the analgesic effect could maintain to 240 min after administration (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover, gabapentin could reverse the changes of above neurochemicals in the central nervous system of mirror image pain in cancer invasion pain model mice (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion The mirror image pain phenomenon does exist in the cancer invasion pain model mice induced by S180 sarcoma.The mechanism of mirror image pain occurr and preserve in cancer invasion pain model may involve the changes of Glu, GABA in the spinal cord and SP, Dyn A1-13 in the cerebral cortex, through which gabapentin can relieve mirror image pain in cancer invasion pain model.

Effect of preemptive local injection of ropivocaine with dexmedetomidine on mirror pain in rats and its mechanism

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of preemptive local injection of ropivocaine with dexmedetomidine on activation of glial cells and on the mirror pain in rats and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 180 g-220 g) were included in the study and randomized into 3 groups, Group S, Group R, and Group RD1. A rat model of persistent postoperative pain evoked by skin/muscle incision and retraction was established in the three groups. Before procedures and nerve extraction, Group S (n = 16) was injected 0.9% saline locally; Group R (n = 16) was injected 0.5% ropivocaine locally, and Group RD1 (n = 16) was injected 0.5% ropivocaine in combined with 1 μg dexmedetomidine locally. After the model being established in the three groups, 8 rats were used for behavior test until 28 d, and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of the other 8 rats were harvested on the 3rd day after surgery. Immunofluorescent and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the activation of glial cells in DRG, and the behavior test results in the three groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#The results showed that mechanical pain threshold in ipsilateral hind-paws of the Group S, Group R, Group RD1 animals dropped to (3.640 ± 1.963) g, (5.827 ± 1.204) g, (7.482) ± 1.412 g at 3 d respectively; while in contralateral paws dropped to (7.100 ± 1.789) g, (17.687 ± 1.112) g, (16.213 ± 1.345) g on the 3 d respectively. Immunofluorescent showed that the glial cells were activated in bilateral side DRG after surgery in 3 groups, but ipsilateral paws expressed more active glial cells than contralateral paws. Transmission electron microscopy showed that mitochondria swelling/vacuolization and lysosomes were more obvious in ipsilateral paws than contralateral paws, but Group RD1 formula could reduce glial cells activity, mitochondria swelling/vacuolization and the amount of lysosomes.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Local injection of ropivocaine and/or dexmedetomidine can effectively inhibit the activation of glial cells in DRG, mitigate the pathological changes of neuron in DRG and reduce mirror image pain.

Mitral Valve Replacement for a Patient with Mirror-image Dextrocardia / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Dextrocardia is a rarely seen cardiac malposition in which the heart is pointed toward the right side of the chest. A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with exacerbated exertional dyspnea. Cardiac examinations revealed severe mitral regurgitation due to prolapse of the posterior mitral leaflet in mirror-image dextrocardia (situs inversus, L-loop ventricles, and inverted great arteries). Mitral valve replacement using a bioprosthesis and pulmonary vein orifice isolation were successfully performed. The operative view of the surgeon standing on the left side of the patient showed mirror-image dextrocardia represents left-right reversal compared with normal heart structure. This provided some challenges in establishing cardiopulmonary bypass and performing intracardiac maneuvers. The mitral valve was on the left side of the surgeon and different needle grips, different angle of suturing, and the choice of forehand or backhand suturing were required to obtain secure suturing in the mirror-imaged mitral annulus.

Two Cases of Mirror-Image Eye Anomalies in Monozygotic Twins

We report two cases of mirror image anomalies in two different pairs of monozygotic twins. In case 1, the twins exhibited mirroring of strabismus and refractive errors. Twin 1 had 35 prism diopters (PD) right intermittent exotropia at distant fixation and myopic anisometropia that was spherical 2.00 diopters more myopic in the right eye. Twin 2 had 35 PD left intermittent exotropia at distant fixation and her left eye was more myopic by - spherical 1.00 diopters. In case 2, the twins were diagnosed with infantile nystagmus with upbeat jerk. Twin 1 exhibited a habitual head turn of 30degrees to the left with dampening of her nystagmus in dextroversion. Twin 2 also exhibited abnormal head position, but in his case the habitual turn was 30degrees to the right. We believe that this is the first report describing mirror imaged intermittent exotropia with anisometropia and infantile nystagmus with opposite abnormal head positions in pairs of monozygotic twins.

Clinical Analysis of Intracranial Mirror-image Aneurysms: A 20-year Single Center Experience / 대한뇌혈관외과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Detection of intracranial multiple aneurysms, including mirror-image aneurysms, have recently been increasing with the development of diagnostic techniques. However, studies of mirror-image aneurysms have been rare in South Korea. Thus, we intend to report our hospital's experience with mirror-image aneurysms during the past 20 years along with a review of relevant literature. METHODS: We analyzed medical records and image data from patients with cerebral aneurysms who had been admitted to our institution from January 1988 to June 2007. We divided the patients into three groups and investigated the clinical patterns of mirror-image aneurysms (Group 1). We then compared them with patients exhibiting non-mirror multiple aneurysms (Group 2) and the patients with solitary aneurysms (Group 3). We also statistically analyzed the age, sex, smoking habits, medical histories, and prognoses of the patients. RESULTS: Mirror-image aneurysms were found in 62 (5.1%) of the 1,209 patients admitted for cerebral aneurysms over the past 20 years. Of the mirror-image aneurysms, 48% were located in the posterior communicating artery (PcoA), and 40% were in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Ruptures of aneurysms occurred slightly more frequently on the right side and when the aneurysm was larger and its shape was more irregular. Women, particularly menopausal women aged 50 and older, were shown to be at higher risk. Smoking was also a risk factor. However, there were no significant differences in prognoses among the three groups. CONCLUSION: We should pay attention to the possibility of mirror-image or multiple aneurysms when diagnosing and treating menopausal women and smokers, particularly if the cerebral aneurysm is located in the MCA or PcoA.

Contralateral allodynia and central change in the chronic post-ischemic pain model rats / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Mirror-image allodynia is a mysterious phenomenon that occurs in association with many clinical pain syndromes including complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS). Underlying mechanisms for the development of such pain are still a matter of investigation. Several studies suggest that activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is essential for central sensitization as a base for persistent pain. The aim is to assess whether alteration of NMDA receptor expression correlates with the contralateral allodynia in the chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) model rats representing CRPS-Type I. METHODS: Application of a tight-fitting tourniquet for a period of 3 hours before reperfusion produced CPIP in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds to von Frey stimuli (using a dynamic plantar aesthesiometer) were measured as pain indicators in ipsilateral and contralateral hindpaws. Phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor 1 subunit (pNR1), assessed with Western blot, was measured in the contralateral L4-6 spinal cord. RESULTS: Ipsilateral and contralateral mechanical allodynia is present at 4 hours after reperfusion, peaked at 3 days, and continued for 7 days after reperfusion. The relative density of pNR1 of CPIP rats significantly decreased in the contralateral L4-6 spinal cord compared to baseline value (P < 0.05). There was significant correlation between paw withdrawal threshold and the relative density of pNR1 (ipsilateral; R2 = 0.75, P < 0.01, contralateral; R2 = 0.60, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pNR1 is correlated to the contralateral mechanical allodynia in CPIP rats.

INVOLVEMENT OF SPINAL ENDOMORPHIN 2 IN MIRROR-IMAGE PAIN INDUCED BY PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION / 神经解剖学杂志

The present investigation was designed to study, whether endogenous antinociceptive system is effective on mirror-image pain induced by peripheral inflammation. After Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was subcutaneously injected into one hindpaw, besides heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia from 1 h to 72 h at the injured site, contralateral mechanical allodynia was also induced at 1 h and significantly lasted for 24 h after injection, which was called mirror-image pain. To explore the effects of endogenous antinociceptive system on mirror-image pain, endomorphin (EM) 2 was intrathecally administered at doses of 0.2 μg, 2 μg, 20 μg and EM1 was given at the maximum dose of 20 μg by the same way, respectively, 10 min prior to CFA injection. The present results showed that three doses of EM2could reverse the decreased contralateral mechanical threshold from 48.03 ± 9.07 mN ( pre-treatment with vehicle) to 200.49 ± 53.68mN, 247.63 ± 49.43 mN and 250.57 ± 55.34 mN ( pre-treatments with EM2 ), respectively, but not in a significantly dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, intrathecal pre-treatment with EM1, the contralateral mechanical threshold was 51.24 ± 12.59 mN after CFA injection, which was similar to that pre-treatment with vehicle. It indicates that spinal EM1 did not have remarkable effect on mirror-image pain behavior. The present results provide evidence for that spinal EM2, but not EM1, mainly originated from the endogenous antinociceptive system might play an inhibitory role in mirror-image mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral tissue inflammation.

Ghost 11-based Versatile System Recovery Disc of PACS Workstation / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To investigate the possibility to create versatile system recovery disc for PACS workstation using the software Ghost 11. Methods Firstly, PACS and Windows software was installed into a PACS workstation. Secondly, S&R&S V9.7 1112F intelligent system -packaging tool and DllCacheManager_V1.6 Dllcache backup -restore tool were used to package the system. Finally, Ghost 11 was adopted to produce mirror image of the system. Results The image could recover system easily. Conclusion The system-recovery disc created by Ghost11 can significantly minimized the workload when the PACS workstation runs into error and improves the maintenance efficiency.