ROLE OF MARKETING MIX IN THE EFFICACY OF BANKS AFTER EMERGENCE OF COVID-19: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BANKS OPERATING IN UDAIPUR

Purpose – The study aims to identify role of marketing mix with regard to Public and Private sector Banks of Udaipur after the emergence of COVID-19. A total of 200 respondents from the city of Udaipur Design/methodology/approach – provided the primary data. Structured questionnaires were used by the researcher. Initially, 230 participants were polled, but only 200 of them offered insightful responses, and the other 30 were unresponsive, incomplete responses that were removed for research purposes. The Findings – results revealed that there are differences among the respondents on building up of marketing mix in private and public sector banks in Udaipur city. The degree of change can be seen more in Private banks than in Public ones. Research limitations/implications – With a small sample size and a constrained sample area, data from the public and private sector banks were collected; a larger sample size and expanded sample area would have produced more accurate results. Practical implications – The study offers information aboutmarketing mix creation, emergence of COVID-19, its combination and effect on respondents, which on itself is a crucial subject. The write-up is based on the Originality/value – researcher's personal opinion and the findings from the data collection, which was done on a primary basis.

Efficiency analysis and management strategies of hospital beds based on diagnosis-related groups / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To improve the evaluation method of hospital beds efficiency based on diagnosis-related groups (DRG), and to provide a basis for hospitals to allocate beds reasonably and improve bed efficiency.Methods:Taking a tertiary hospital in Beijing as the research object, the types of beds were evaluated by the beds utilization matrix with the time consumption index as the X-axis and the bed utilization rate as the Y-axis. The types of beds in the department were divided into efficiency type, pressure type, turnover type, and idle type. The efficiency of medical services and the level of diagnosis and treatment were evaluated by the weight of DRG per bed. The calculation method of theoretical number of beds was improved by incorporating hospital case mix index as a risk adjustment factor into the formula to evaluate the status of beds allocation. Combining the bed type, DRG weight per bed, and bed allocation status, the improvement emphasis and management strategy of bed utilization could be comprehensively analyzed.Results:Among the 24 departments in the hospital, there were 5, 9, 1 and 9 departments being efficiency type, pressure type, turnover type and idle type, respectively. The weight per bed of 11 departments was higher than the average level of the hospital. There were 16, 5, and 3 departments with appropriate, fewer, and excessive beds, respectively.Conclusions:The comprehensive analysis of beds utilization type, allocation status and weight of each bed based on DRG is an effective method to evaluate the efficiency of hospital beds, and can provide decision-making basis for hospital bed resource allocation, hospital operation focus adjustment, and subject development planning.

Enlightenment of the DRG payment reform in the United States on the reform of China′s medical insurance payment methods / 中华医院管理杂志

In order to curb the excessive growth of medical expenses, the United States has initiated payment reform of diagnosis-related groups (DRG) since 1983, and developed a series of complementary measures to address issues such as overcoding and declining healthcare service quality which were exposed during the reform. The authors discussed the implementation of DRG payment reform in the United States, namely the case-mix specialization of medical institutions and the reduction of costs, as well as the relationship between the two. On this basis, the authors suggested that when implementing reforms to the medical insurance payment system in China, it is imperative to avoid such loopholes as overcoding by medical institutions and excessive pursuit of efficiency at the expense of quality control, as well as the decline of comprehensive rescue capability and quality of care incurred by the exacerbated specialization.

Determination of 7 aminoglycoside antibiotics residues in bear bile powder by mix-mode SPE-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

An analytical method was developed for determination of 7 aminoglycosides antibiotics in bear bile powder by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were purified by mix-mode weak cation exchange and reversed-phase SPE. Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide column (100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) was used with 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution-0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution as mobile phases by gradient elution. The aminoglycosides were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Spectinomycin, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, apramycin and neomycin possessed good linear correlation in the respective concentration ranges, with the correlation coefficients more than 0.99. The mean recoveries at 3 spiked levels were in the range of 61.3%～127.3%, and the RSDs were 0.1%～1.9%. The limits of quantification were 0.2～1.0 mg·kg-1. The method had been applied to the analysis of actual samples.

Mixture compatibility of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) with pesticides used in soybean / Compatibilidade da mistura de nucleopoliedrovírus de Anticarsia gemmatalis baculovírus (AgMNPV) com agrotóxicos utilizados na soja

Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner: 1818) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is one of the main pests that affect soybean crops, causing defoliation. In the vegetative stages, defoliation occurs together with weeds, and in the reproductive stages with pathogens. In this sense, to maintain plant health, it is necessary to carry out the combined use of pesticides. Thus, this research determined the compatibility of the entomopathogenic virus AgMNPV with the main herbicides and fungicides used in soy at different times of the mixture. The artificial diet was immersed in the solutions of the pesticides and their mixtures and supplied to A. gemmatalis caterpillars, immediately and after one and two hours of mixing. The evaluation was performed by quantifying the number of dead caterpillars by mixing the AgMNPV virus with herbicides and fungicides, even after two hours of mixing if compatible. The observed scenarios showed a compatibility of the virus with the herbicides and fungicides, with mortality rates between 70 to 99% for A. gemmatalis.

Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner: 1818) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) é uma das principais pragas que acometem a cultura da soja, causando desfolha. Nos estágios vegetativos a desfolha ocorre juntamente com ervas daninhas, e no reprodutivo com patógenos. Nesse sentido, para manter a fitossanidade, é necessário realizar a utilização combinada de pesticidas. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a compatibilidade do vírus entomopatogênico AgMNPV com os principais herbicidas e fungicidas utilizados na soja em diferentes tempos de mistura. A dieta artificial foi imersa nas soluções dos pesticidas e suas misturas e fornecida às lagartas de A. gemmatalis, imediatamente e após uma e duas horas de mistura. A avaliação foi realizada quantificando o número de lagartas mortas. A mistura do vírus AgMNPV com herbicidas e fungicidas, mesmo após duas horas de mistura se mostrou compatível. Os cenários observados mostram a compatibilidade do vírus com os herbicidas e fungicidas, com percentuais de mortalidade entre 70 a 99% para A. gemmatalis.

MIXed plastics biodegradation and UPcycling using microbial communities: the NSFC-EU 2019 project MIX-UP to help achieve "carbon neutrality" / 生物工程学报

With the transformation and revolution of the global plastics recycling system, recycling and upcycling of mixed plastics waste not only reduces the carbon emissions of plastics during its life cycle, but also addresses its potential ecological and environmental hazards. This article summarizes an international cooperation project, "MIXed plastics biodegradation and UPcycling using microbial communities" (MIX-UP) which was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the European Union (NSFC-EU) in 2019. The consortium of MIX-UP consists of 14 partners from European Union and China. Focusing on the global issue of "plastics pollution", this Sino-European MIX-UP project took the mixed waste of petroleum-based plastics (PP, PE, PUR, PET and PS) and bio-based plastics (PLA and PHA) as starting materials for biotechnological conversion into value-added, sustainable biomaterials. MIX-UP has three subprojects: 1) identification of plastics biodegradation pathway and design & engineering of key degrading elements, 2) construction and functional regulation of microbial consortia/enzyme cocktails with high-efficiency for degradation of plastics mixtures, 3) strategy of design and utilization of plastics degradation products for production of high value materials. Through NSFC-EU complementary and cross-disciplinary cooperation, MIX-UP proposes the engineering of a new-to-nature biological route for upcycling, a low carbon and sustainable bio-treatment that is different from the traditional physico-chemical treatment, which will empower the recycling industry to a new dimension. The implementation of the project will not only help to promote innovation and development in the field of biotechnology in China, but also contribute to the achievement of China's carbon neutral goal.

The effect of case mix index on the science and technology evaluation metrics of disciplines in tertiary public general hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Case mix index indicates the capacity of disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as the quality of health cares in related disciplines. Science and technology evaluation metrics represent the level of innovation and sustainable development of science and technology. Quality of health care and sustainable development are considered as two key evaluation indicators in the performance evaluation of national tertiary public hospitals. This study aimed to explore the effect of case mix index on the science and technology evaluation metrics.Methods:According to a cross-sectional design, the relationship between case mix index and science and technology evaluation metrics was analyzed in a tertiary public general hospital between 2017 and 2019.Results:In three years′ period time, the departments in top 100 disciplines of science and technology evaluation metrics had the case mix index 17% which was higher than other departments in non-top 100 disciplines ( P<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, higher case mix index increased a 2.29-fold higher probability to be in top 100 disciplines. They are under the receiver operative character curve between case mix index and top 100 disciplines in evaluation of departments was 0.716 ( P=0.001). Conclusions:Case mix index indicated the level of science and technology evaluation metrics and the clinical departments should improve the case mix index, service quality of health care and the motivation of sustainable development.

Pulpectomía de una periodontitis periapical aguda realizada en una sola cita en un paciente infante. Reporte de caso

El uso de las pastas medicadas en el tratamiento de los abscesos dentales mediante el procedimiento de la pulpectomía ayuda a mantener las piezas dentales primarias afectadas. El objetivo de realizar este tratamiento fue evaluar el éxito clínico y radiográfico de la modificación del mecanismo de obturación intracanal de la pulpectomía realizada en una sola cita. Se presenta el reporte de caso clínico de un paciente de 2 años 10 meses de género masculino, con diagnóstico periodontitis apical aguda, donde se realizó pulpectomía en una sola cita. En la evaluación clínica a los 7 días se observó silencio clínico y ausencia del absceso dental. Al mes y a los 4 meses, también hubo ausencia del absceso dental y de la sintomatología. A los 12 meses, en una nueva evaluación clínica, se mantuvo el silencio clínico y radiográficamente, se observó ausencia de imagen radiolúcida patológica interradicular o periapical y se evidenció regeneración ósea. La pulpectomía realizada en una sola cita puede considerarse un tratamiento eficaz para mantener la integridad de la pieza primaria afectada, pero se requieren más estudios y seguimientos a largo plazo que evalúen esta modificación de obturación utilizada en este tipo de pulpectomía.

Nivel de penetración de dos pastas medicadas en piezas con tratamiento pulpar previo. Estudio in vitro

Objetivo: Comparar la penetración de la pasta Tri-antibiótica fórmula convencional y modificada (3MIX-MP Y 3MIX-P) en piezas dentarias deciduas con tratamiento pulpar previo, en diferentes periodos de tiempo. Metodología: Se recolectaron 80 piezas dentarias deciduas que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Luego se realizaron los tratamientos de pulpectomía convencional. Se realizó la preparación de las pastas 3MIX-MP y 3MIX- P, una vez obtenida la pasta se procedió a colocar en la entrada de los conductos de las piezas dentarias y se realizó la obturación definitiva. Se esperó los tiempos establecidos para realizar los cortes de las piezas dentarias en cada grupo a las 24, 48, 72 horas y 168 horas; se observaron y realizaron las mediciones con ayuda del microscopio estereoscópico. Resultados: la pasta 3MIX-MP penetró hasta nivel del tercio apical del conducto obturado a las 24, 48, 72 y 168 horas de realizado el tratamiento en el conducto obturado, y la pasta 3MIX-P logró penetrar tercio cervical del conducto radicular a las 24 horas de realizado el tratamiento, pero a las 48, 72 y 168 horas logró penetrar hasta el tercio apical. Conclusiones: Existe diferencia en la penetración a las 24 horas de realizado el tratamiento en el conducto obturado, la pasta 3MIX-MP logra penetrar hasta el tercio apical del conducto radicular, es decir, llega hasta el foramen apical y la pasta 3MIX-P solo logra penetrar hasta el tercio cervical del conducto radicular. A las 48, 72 y 168 horas ambas pastas (3MIX-MP, 3MIX-P) logran penetrar hasta el tercio apical.

Sourgrass control in response to the association of 2, 4-d to ACCase inhibitor herbicides / Controle de grama azeda em resposta à associação de 2, 4-d a herbicidas inibidores de ACCase

ACCase inhibitor herbicides are widely used to control poaceae such as sourgrass (Digitaria insularis). However, these herbicides are selective for eudicots, which requires the use of broadleaf herbicides in areas with broadleaf and narrow leaf weeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association ACCase inhibitors and 2,4-D for the control of sourgrass. Two experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions. The first experiment evaluated the effect of associating 2,4-D and graminicides to control of sourgrass, using dose-response curves for the herbicides clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuril and clethodim + quizalofop-P-tefuril. In the second experiment, due to the results of the first one, the necessary period between the application of 2,4-D and the graminicides was evaluated in order to avoid antagonism in sourgrass. The results show that the herbicide clethodim, at the recommended dose, has its efficiency reduced in about 8% when applied in association with 2,4-D. As for the herbicide quizalofop-P-tefuril, this effect was higher, causing a reduction of 39% in control. However, the association of 2,4-D to the mixture of clethodim + quizalofop-P-tefuril did not result in antagonism. It takes nine and 12 days between the application of 2,4-D and the graminicides clethodim and quizalofop-P-tefuril, respectively, for there to be no antagonism.

Os herbicidas inibidores da ACCase são amplamente utilizados no controle de poáceas, tal como o capim-amargoso. No entanto, esses herbicidas são seletivos para plantas eudicotiledôneas, o que demanda a utilização de herbicidas latifolicidas, tais como as auxinas sintéticas, em áreas que existam plantas daninhas de folhas largas e folhas estreitas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da associação de inibidores da ACCase e 2,4-D sobre o controle de capim-amargoso. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação. No primeiro experimento foi avaliado o efeito da associação de 2,4-D aos graminicidas no controle de capim-amargoso, utilizando-se curvas de dose-resposta para os herbicidas clethodim, quizalofop-P-tefuril e clethodim + quizalofop-P-tefuril. No segundo experimento, em decorrência dos resultados do primeiro, foi avaliado o período necessário entre a aplicação de 2,4-D e os graminicidas para que não ocorra antagonismo em capim-amargoso. Os resultados demonstram que para o herbicida clethodim, na dose recomendada, a redução de controle foi de cerca de 8% quando o 2,4-D foi aplicado em associação. Já para o herbicida quizalofop-P-tefuril, esse efeito foi superior, causando redução de 39% no controle. Porém, a associação do 2,4-D à mistura de clethodim + quizalofop-P-tefuril não resultou em antagonismo. São necessários nove e 12 dias entre a aplicação de 2,4-D e os graminicidas clethodim e quizalofop-P-tefuril, respectivamente, para que não ocorra antagonismo.

Identification of Plasmodium Species by Multiplex PCR in a Single Tube Reaction

Epidemiological studies based on molecular methods for identification of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum is gaining importance, because the conventional methods like microscopy, cannot detect low-level parasitaemia and mixed infections. Even though different types of laboratory investigations for diagnosing malaria-like rapid antigen detection and QBC were developed, still there are some negative interpretations among convalescent cases identified in endemic areas. These issues can be overcome by using molecular techniques like multiplex PCR, nested PCR, real-time PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR. Among these methods real-time PCR has been shown to be more sensitive in studying the epidemiology of malaria. We wanted to standardize Multiplex PCR for the identification of Plasmodium species in a single reaction mix.METHODSA total of 52 blood samples were collected from suspected cases of clinical malaria which were tested for microscopy by using Leishman's stain and confirmed by conventional and multiplex PCR. Standardization of multiplex PCR for the identification of Plasmodium species in a single reaction mix was done for the diagnosis of malaria.RESULTSOut of 52 blood samples collected, about 38 (73.08 %) samples were confirmed with a multiplex PCR technique and only 34 (65.38 %) by microscopy. The four samples negative by microscopy were found to be Plasmodium falciparum. A significant correlation was found with the positive samples by conventional and standardized multiplex PCR.CONCLUSIONSMultiplex PCR is more useful for accurate diagnosis and epidemiological study for the detection of various species of the genus Plasmodium in a single-step reaction.

Attitude of medical students towards the use of audio visual aids during didactic lectures in Pharmacology in Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India

Background: Students favthisteaching methods employing combination of audio visual aids and blackboard teaching over didactic lectures not using these aids. Different methods of lecture are-blackboard teaching, power point presentations (PPT) and mix of aids. This study was primarily done to know the students’ attitude and preferences regarding the lectures using PowerPoint (PPT) presentations and the traditional ‘black-board teaching’ method with an aim to improve the quality of didactic lectures in pharmacology by their appropriate use in further teaching – learning process, with an aim to improve their use in didactic lectures.Methods: A questionnaire-based observational study (annexure-1) observational study was conducted among all the medical students of 4th semester MBBS attending theory classes in the department of Pharmacology in Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal.Results: In this study, as a whole Majority 68 % (42 students) of students preferred mix of aids as teaching method over blackboard and power point. Sixty two students participated in the study out of which 58% (36) were male and students 42% (26) were female. Students told that the lectures using mix of aids were well organized and the lecture contents were well informative. As far as matter of suggestions is concerned 46 (74.2 %) students gave suggestions to improve teaching methods. As compared to blackboard the lectures taken on PowerPoint were clearly visible and well audible to all the students of the classroom..Conclusions: This study demonstrates that lectures delivered by using a mixture of audio visual aids are more appreciated by the students over blackboard teaching and power-point teaching individually. For further improving their lectures, if possible teachers should plan to implement feasible student suggestions by using a combination of audio visual aids.

Clinicopathological study of testicular lesions

Background: Testis is affected by both neoplastic and non neoplastic conditions. Non neoplastic lesions of the testis include epididymo-orchitis, testicular atrophy, undescended testis, testicular abscess etc. Testicular tumors are relatively rare. They constitute the 4th most common cause of death from neoplasia in the young males. This study was undertaken to study the histopathological spectrum, age wise distribution and clinical symptoms of testicular lesions.Methods: This is a retrospective study of three years conducted in the department of pathology, Aurangabad from June 2015 to May 2018. It included all the orchidectomy specimens received from the department of surgery and excluded the orchidectomy specimens sent for infertility and prostatic carcinoma. A detail clinical history was taken. Histopathological examination was done after routine processing and staining with H and E. The data collected was tabulated, analysed and compared to other similar studies.Results: We studied 70 cases. Non neoplastic testicular lesions were 57 and 13 were neoplastic. Non neoplastic testicular lesions were more common than the neoplastic ones. Non neoplastic testicular lesions presented most commonly in the 2nd decade. Most common non neoplastic lesion was epididymo-orchitis followed by torsion, atrophy and testicular abscess. Most common neoplasm was malignant mixed germ cell tumor. Most of the patients of neoplasms presented in the 3rd decade. The most common complaint was testicular swelling and pain.Conclusions: Majority of testicular lesions are non neoplastic. Neoplastic lesions are rare. Non neoplastic lesions mimic neoplastic ones clinically, as testicular swelling is the most common complaint. So histopathological diagnosis is necessary for an accurate diagnosis of testicular lesions.

Rapid Multiplication Technique for Production of High-Quality Seed Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tubers

Potato farmers in India and other developing countries lack timely availability of healthy and good quality potato seed tubers. This is mainly due to conventional seed multiplication techniques which, has suffered inherently from low multiplication rates. The soil medium is generally used for seed tuber production. In order to overcome bottlenecks, a study was conducted to evaluate mini-tuber production potential for selected baskets of potato varieties in different soil-less solid media types compared with soil as a control. Soil-less media technique would also assist in planning for economical and rapid seed multiplication program, along with pathogen-free seed tubers, which will increase production of good quality reliable seed material in the country. This will finally ensure increased productivity of potato crop. With these objectives, an experiment was conducted during the years, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Three different soil-less solid propagation media (kalpeat plus, soilrite mix and soilrite mix TC) were tested against control (soil:sand 3:1); for five different varieties (1001, 1002, 1003, 1004 and 1005). Plantlets grown on soilrite mix performed better with higher mini-tuber yield of 548.58 gm/ container (1/2 m²), while for other propagation media, 283.39 gm/container (1/2 m²), 96.08 gm/container (1/2 m²), and 52.61 gm/container (1/2 m²) respectively, were observed for kalpeat plus, soilrite mix TC and control (soil:sand 3:1). Among the varieties tested, viz., 1005 and 1004 produced maximum mini-tubers, between 9 tubers/plant and 5 tubers/plant respectively. Soilrite mix increased the number and size of mini-tubers. Thus, this study concluded that soil-less solid media induced seed potato multiplication is better than traditional soil-based techniques

Evaluation of 3Mix-MP and pulpectomies in non-vital primary molars

Pulpectomies in primary molars are often hindered by several factors, including anatomical and physiological characteristics of posterior primary teeth and young patients' lack of cooperation with laborious treatments. This study was undertaken in search of easier but equally effective therapies that could eliminate infection, preserve the teeth and avoid extractions. The aim of the study was to estimate and compare clinical and radiographic success between pulp treatment with 3MixMP and pulpectomy with MaistoCapurro paste in primary necrotic molars. A longitudinal prospective study was conducted at the Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Dentistry of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires (20152017). The study included 46 primary molars with necrotic pulp of children without immune or metabolic compromise. Children and their legal guardians provided assent and informed consent. Selected molars were randomly divided into 2 groups: G1: Pulpectomy treatment with MaistoCapurro paste; and G2: Treatment with 3MixMP paste. Treatments were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months (intra and interrater agreement 0.92 and 0.84). Clinical success was considered to be the absence of any of the following: pain, sensitivity to percussion or palpation, swelling, fistula and nonphysiological mobility, while radiographic success was considered to be: absence of internal or external nonphysiological resorption, no progression or reduction of radiolucent periapical/interradicular lesion and evidence of bone regeneration. Percentages, 95% C.I., and CHI2 were calculated for the comparison between groups. Overall clinical success was 91.5% and 87.5% (p=0.48) and overall radiographic success was 88.3% and 82.3% (p=0.31) for G1 and G2 respectively. No significant clinical or radiographic difference was found between groups. Both treatments showed similar clinical and radiographic behavior during the study period (AU)

Las pulpectomías en molares primarios se ven dificultadas frecuentemente por las características anatómicas y fisiológicas de éstos y por la escasa colaboración que brindan los pacientes de corta edad ante tratamientos tan laboriosos. En búsqueda de terapéuticas más sencillas, pero igualmente eficaces, que consigan eliminar la infección para conservar las piezas y evitar las exodoncias, se ha planteado como objetivo de este estudio: estimar y comparar la proporción de éxito clínico y radiográfico entre el tratamiento pulpar con 3MixMP y la pulpectomía con pasta de MaistoCapurro en molares primarios con necrosis. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y prospectivo en la Cátedra de Odontología Integral Niños de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (2015 2017). Formaron parte del estudio 46 molares primarios con diagnóstico de necrosis pulpar, de niños sin compromiso inmunológico ni metabólico y que junto con sus responsables legales brindaron el asentimiento y el consentimiento informado. Los molares seleccionados fueron divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: G1: Tratamiento de pulpectomía con pasta de MaistoCapurro y G2: Tratamiento con pasta 3MixMP. Los tratamientos fueron evaluados al mes, 3, 6, 12 y 18 meses (concordancia intraexaminador 0,92 e interexaminador 0,84), considerando como éxito clínico la ausencia de dolor, sensibilidad a la percusión y palpación, edema, fístula y movilidad no fisiológica; y como éxito radiográfico, ausencia de reabsorción interna o externa no fisiológica, no progresión o reducción de la lesión radiolúcida interradicular/periapical y evidencia de regeneración ósea. Se calcularon porcentajes, I.C 95% y CHI2 para la comparación. El éxito clínico global fue de 91,5% y 87,5% (p=0.48) y el éxito radiográfico global de 88,3% y 82,3% (p=0.31) para G1 y G2 respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. En los periodos estudiados ambos tratamientos mostraron comportamientos clínico y radiográfico semejantes (AU)

Pharmaceutical research of Ligusticum chuanxiong oil microcapsule analgesic gel patch by D-optimal mixture design / 中草药

Objective: The volatile oil of Ligusticum chuanxiong was made into microcapsule as intermediate and applied to gel paste to solve the instability characteristics of L. chuanxiong oil (LCO). The formulation and in vitro transdermal rate were optimized and the pharmacodynamics was preliminary studied. Methods: D-optimal mixture design was adopted, and initial adhesion, adhesion holding and peeling strength were used as evaluation indexes to optimize the preparation process. The in vitro transdermal behavior of ligustilide was studied by Franz in vitro transdermal test instrument. The efficacy was evaluated by acetic acid writhing experiment. Results: The optimal prescription of LCO microcapsule analgesic gel patch was as follow: NP700, glycerin, hydroxyaluminum, kaolin, azone, tartaric acid, microcapsule PVPK30, 0.5% capom 940 was 1.250, 5.000, 0.025, 0.250, 0.600, 0.025, 1.000, and 2.700 g, respectively. Ligustilide transdermal rate in the gel patch was 5.129 7 μg/(cm2∙h). The retention rate of high temperature, high humidity and strong light irradiation on the 5th and 10th day was 93.17%, 91.21%, 98.94%, 92.36%, 68.03%, and 60.78%, respectively, and the analgesic rate was 63.14%. Conclusion: The optimal prescription of the gel patch had good viscosity, which solved the problem that ligustilide was difficult to be applied to the gel patches due to the instability of LCO and provided a reference for the application of volatile oil to new dosage forms such as gel patch.

Analysis and management strategy of inter-departmental general consultation / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective@#To explore characteristics of general inter-departmental consultations in a hospital and put forward management strategy suggestions.@*Methods@#A large tertiary general hospital in Beijing was cited as the research object. Data were extracted from the EMR of the in-hospital inter-departmental consultations from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018, including information such as applying departments, submission time, invited departments, consultation completion time among others. Also collected were data such as discharges, case combination index(CMI), and preoperative average hospitalization days of clinical departments. Pearson and Spearman methods were used to perform correlation analysis, and independent sample Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed for the mean comparison.@*Results@#The ratio of consultations to discharged patients was 0.44, while consultation workload of cardiovascular medicine, ophthalmology and neurology was higher, and consultation applications issued by neurology, rheumatology and endocrinology departments were higher.For surgical departments, the correlation between demand of consultations and CMI was strong, r=0.63(P<0.05). The completion rate of consultation within 24 hours was 90.08%, and 64.79% of overtime consultations were caused by 35.63% of the consultation physicians.@*Conclusions@#It is imperative to enhance infrastructure support and information system construction to meet huge demands of inter-departmental consultations and to ensure patient safety; To further examinations of consultation purposes and improve doctors′ integrative abilities of diagnosis and treatment by introducing HIM mode to the training system, for the purpose of reducing unnecessary consultations; Optimize the process, shorten preoperative average length of stay by bringing forward inpatient-consultations to outpatient department; Inspire consultation enthusiasm and ensure consultation quality through performance appraisal mechanism.

2018 Current Health Expenditures and National Health Accounts in Korea / 보건행정학회지

This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2018 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a manual for System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analyzing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, scale and trends of the total CHE financing as well as public-private mix are parsed in depth. In the case of private financing, estimation of total expenditures for (revenues by) provider groups (HP) is made from both survey on the benefit coverage rate of National Health Insurance (by National Health Insurance Service) and Economic Census and Service Industry Census (by National Statistical Office); and other pieces of information from Korean Health Panel Study, etc. are supplementarily used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. CHE was 144.4 trillion won in 2018, which accounts for 8.1% of Korea's gross domestic product (GDP). It was a big increase of 12.8 trillion won, or 9.7%, from the previous year. GDP share of Korean CHE has already been close to the average of OECD member countries. Government and compulsory schemes' share (or public share), 59.8% of the CHE in 2018, is much lower than the OECD average of 73.6%. ‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of total revenue of health financing was 16.9% in Korea, lower than the other social insurance countries. When it comes to ‘compulsory contributory health financing schemes,’ ‘transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of 13.5% was again much lower compared to Japan (43.0%) and Belgium (30.1%) with social insurance scheme.

Association with obesity and abdominal obesity according to the kind and amount of coffee intake in Korean adults: 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: We evaluate the influence of the types of coffee beverage on obesity and abdominal obesity in Korean adults who were aged 19 years or over by using the 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: Specific questions were asked about frequency of coffee intake, the type of coffee beverage, the addition of milk and/or sugar to coffee by using the food frequency questionnaire of the 2013 ~ 2016 KNHANES. RESULTS: We found that coffee intake increased the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity. After multivariable adjustment, coffee consumption increased the risk of obesity by 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.57) in the group that drank coffee twice a day, and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.11 ~ 1.60) in the people who drank coffee ≥3 times a day as compared to that of the non-coffee intake group. The risk of abdominal obesity increased to 1.27 (95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.57) in the < 1 time/day coffee drinking group, 1.34 (95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.66) in the 1 time/day coffee drinking group, 1.35 (95% CI: 1.09 ~ 1.67) in the 2 times/day coffee drinking group, and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.14 ~ 1.72) in the ≥ 3 times/day coffee drinking group as compared to that of the non-coffee drinking group. The influence of black coffee intake was different according to gender: males showed a high prevalence of abdominal obesity and females showed a high prevalence of obesity. Mixed coffee consumption increased the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity by more than 34% in men who consumed coffee more than 3 times a day and in women who consumed coffee more than 2 times per day. CONCLUSIONS: We found that coffee intake, regardless of the type of coffee, increased the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity. It is necessary to refrain from drinking coffee to prevent obesity.

Bioactividad y pruebas de hemólisis de compósitos de hidroxiapatita zirconia (HAp/ZrO2-8Y2O3) para implantes óseos / Bioactivity and hemolysis test of hydroxyapatite/zirconia composites (HAp/ZrO2-8Y2O3) for bone implants

Resumen Se presenta la síntesis de compósitos de hidroxiapatita/zirconia (HAp/ZrO2-8Y2O3) por el método de mezclado líquido en base al método de Pechini, cuya innovación radica en la obtención simultánea de ambas fases con distribución uniforme, aunque tiene la limitante de la interacción de los cationes, propiciando la formación de fases secundarias si no se controlan las variables. Los materiales fueron conformados en discos de 1 cm de diámetro y tratados a 1400 °C, para caracterizarse por espectrometría de infrarrojo (FTIR-ATR) y difracción de rayos X (DRX). Las pruebas de bioactividad fueron realizadas mediante el método de inmersión en fluidos fisiológicos simulados durante 21 días y caracterizadas por microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB) y espectrometría de fotoelectrones emitidos por rayos X (XPS). Las pruebas de hemólisis se basaron en la norma ASTM F 756-00. Después de la inmersión, se observó la presencia de cristales de hidroxiapatita sobre la superficie del compósito, además los análisis de XPS muestran señales de energía para los elementos de calcio y fósforo. En cuanto a las pruebas de hemólisis se observaron grados de citotoxicidad por debajo del 3% con lo cual se infiere que son hemocompatibles, aunque se requieren más estudios de biocompatibilidad para su aplicación biomédica.

Abstract The synthesis of hydroxyapatite/zirconia composites (HAp/ZrO2-8Y2O3) is presented, using the liquid mixing method based on the Pechini method, whose innovation lies in the simultaneous synthesis of both phases with uniform distribution, although it has the limitation of the cations interactions, favoring the formation of secondary phases if the variables are not controlled. The obtained materials were formed into discs of 1 cm in diameter and treated at 1400 °C, and then characterized by infrared spectrometry (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bioactivity tests were carried by the immersion method in simulated body fluid for 21 days and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). The hemolysis tests were based on the ASTM F 756-00 standard. After the immersion, the presence of hydroxyapatite crystals on the surface of the composite was observed; in addition, the XPS analyzes show energy signals for the elements of calcium and phosphorus. Regarding the hemolysis tests, degrees of cytotoxicity were observed below 3%, it is inferred that they are hemocompatible, although more biocompatibility studies are required for biomedical application.