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ABSTRACT Handover is the key procedure in wireless networks to provide required qual ity of service to the users during mobility Handover. As the current scenario of wireless communication comprises of heterogeneity in architecture, application and radio access technologies concentrating on vertical handover becomes important to provide continuous communication and ubiquitous coverage .This paper provides comprehensive survey of the vertical handover, decision technique and parameter used for making proper handover in horizontal and vertical handover . The recent handover schemes are discussed and classified which varies based on concepts and the adopted schemes. A Fuzzy based decision making algorithm is proposed to made the handover decision more appropriate and to avoid loss of communication and provide better performance.
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<b>Background:</b> Understanding the long-term effects of environment on health behavior is important for the promotion of population-based physical activity.<b>Purpose:</b> The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived environment and active commuting among Japanese adults.<b>Methods:</b> Internet-based cross-sectional survey were conducted to 3,000 Japanese adults aged 30-59 years. Seven sociodemographic attributes (gender, age, marital status, employment status, living status, educational attainment and household income), type of commute and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environment Module were assessed by self-administered questionnaire.<b>Results:</b> Of all respondents to the survey, 2,032 (mean age: 43.8±9.2, male: 62.5%) were employed. Those who use an active commute were 1,401 (68.9%). In both genders, high residential density (male: OR=2.28, female: OR=3.08), good access to shops (OR=2.03, 3.06), public transportation (OR=1.65, 3.78), recreational facilities (OR=1.31, 1.44), presence of sidewalks (OR=1.42, 1.77), crossroads (OR=1.87, 1.76), having a destination (OR=1.84, 2.34), and not having household vehicles (OR=15.13, 41.24) were associated with an active commute. The results indicated some gender differences. Among male, the presence of a bicycle lane and good aesthetics was positively associated with the active commute, while traffic safety was negatively associated. On the other hand, crime safety was associated with the active commute in female.<b>Conclusion:</b> The results indicate that perceived environment was associated with the active commute among Japanese adults.