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ObjectiveTo investigate the material basis of homologous and heterogeneous effect of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus（AFI） and Aurantii Fructus（AF） based on the total statistical moment analysis and molecular connectivity index（MCI）. MethodRelevant literature at home and abroad and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP） were consulted to establish the chemical composition database of AFI and AF， and set up their fingerprints by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the total statistical moments and similarity parameters of the fingerprint were calculated. According to MCI， all components of AFI and AF were divided into different component groups， the average values of 0-8th order（0χ-8χ） MCI of the common component groups of AFI and AF were calculated. ResultThe values of total zero-order moment（AUCT） of AFI and AF were （10.57±2.45）×106， （5.09±0.89）×106 μV·s， the values of total first-order moment（MCRTT） were （11.57±1.58）， （12.10±1.29） min， the values of total second-order moments（VCRTT） were（24.49±2.30）， （26.49±2.54） min2， respectively. It showed that qualitative and quantitative parameters of AFI and AF were significantly different. The components with high similarity such as neohesperidin， hesperidin and narirutin were screened as the common potential pharmacodynamic components of AFI and AF. The non-common components of AFI， such as alysifolinone and imperatorin， and the non-common components of AF， such as neoeriocitrin and isosakuranin， with high similarity were screened out as potential heterogeneous components of AFI and AF. The composition groups of AFI and AF were classified into six categories， and the similarities between the composition groups of AFI and AF and the total constituents were 0.872-0.979 and 0.918-0.997， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of alkaloids in AFI and AF were 3.65 and 3.14， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of flavonoids were 8.47 and 8.47， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of volatile oils were 2.71 and 3.48， respectively. It showed that there were some differences in MCI of chemical constituents（groups） between AFI and AF. ConclusionThe chemical constituents（groups） of AFI and AF not only differ in content and species， but also in structural characteristics and structure-activity relationship， which can provide a basis for further explaining the scientific connotation of homologous and heterogeneous effect of AFI and AF.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the fingerprint of six pungent herbs based on the molecular connectivity index（MCI）and the matching frequency total statistical moment method， and to study the division and integration of the "imprinting template" of their volatile components， so as to find the common "imprinting template" characteristics of the pungent herbs. MethodThe volatile components of six pungent herbs were extracted by steam distillation， and their fingerprints were established by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） with a programmed temperature increase（80 ℃ for 5 min， 5 ℃·min-1 to 200 ℃ for 5 min， 2 ℃·min-1 to 230 ℃ for 10 min）， a splitting ratio of 20∶1， an electron bombardment ion source（EI） and the detection range of m/z 35-650， and the average MCI and total statistical moment parameters of the fingerprints were calculated. Then the matching frequency method was used to classify， integrate and confirm the chromatographic peaks of the fingerprints of six pungent herbs. ResultThe average zero order， first-order and second-order MCI values of the volatile components of Pogostemonis Herba， Artemisiae Argyi Folium， Atractylodis Rhizoma， Asari Radix et Rhizoma， Magnoliae Flos and Schizonepetae Herba were 9.02， 5.28 and 5.05， respectively. The average values of peak number， total zero-order moment， total first-order moment and total second-order moment were 60， 169×107， 22.49 min and 36.82 min2， respectively. The 20 integrated imprinting templates were obtained by the matching frequency method for the six pungent herbs， among which three were common imprinting templates with the retention times of （25.97±0.21），（26.90±0.20），（31.64±1.24） min， respectively， and the representative components were valencene，β-elemene， caryophyllin， etc. ConclusionMCI combined the matching frequency total statistical moment can divide and integrate the characteristics of imprinting templates of six pungent herbs， and find their common chromatographic imprinting characteristics， which can provide a reference for the determination of effective substances of pungent herbs.
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Kinship testing is widely needed in forensic science practice. This paper reviews the definitions of common concepts, and summarizes the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages, and application scope of kinship analysis methods, including identity by state (IBS) method, likelihood ratio (LR) method, method of moment (MoM), and identity by descent (IBD) segment method. This paper also discusses the research hotspots of challenging kinship testing, complex kinship testing, forensic genetic genealogy analysis, and non-human biological samples.
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Humanos , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Genética Forense/métodos , Ciências Forenses , LinhagemRESUMO
Este artigo é uma reflexão teórica acerca de algumas potencialidades do momento estético: este se configura, a um só tempo, como refúgio das intempéries do presente, como possibilidade de fortalecimento dos laços do indivíduo com a vida e como abertura para o futuro. A relação do pianista inglês James Rhodes com a música clássica, conforme narrada por ele em sua autobiografia, é apresentada como expressão de tais potencialidades. Em nossa argumentação, descrevemos o momento estético como momento de afrouxamento das fronteiras do self, que atualiza, até certo ponto, a relação primordial do bebê com o objeto materno. Enfatizamos os limites do momento estético, já que este não substitui a necessidade do encontro humano, mas indicamos que ele pode se apresentar como uma espécie de lugar de espera suportável que mantém aberto o horizonte do encontro.
Resumos This paper is a theoretical reflection on some potentialities of the aesthetic moment: this is configured, at the same time, as a refuge from the storms of the present, as a possibility to strengthen the individual's ties with life, and as an opening to the future. The English pianist James Rhodes's relationship with classical music, as narrated by him in his autobiography, is presented as an expression of such potentialities. During its argumentation, the text describes the aesthetic moment as a moment of loosening of the boundaries of the self, which updates, to a certain extent, the infant's primordial relationship with the maternal object. The article emphasizes the limits of the aesthetic moment, as it does not replace the need for human interaction, while indicating its potential as a kind of bearable waiting place which keeps the horizon of the encounter open.
Cet article est une réflexion théorique sur certaines potentialités du moment esthétique: celui-ci se configure, à la fois, comme un refuge contre les tempêtes du présent, comme une possibilité de renforcer les liens de l'individu avec la vie, et comme une ouverture vers l'avenir. La relation du pianiste anglais James Rhodes avec la musique classique, telle qu'il la raconte dans son autobiographie, est présentée comme une expression de ces potentialités. Au cours de l'argumentation, le texte décrit le moment esthétique comme un moment de relâchement des frontières du soi, qui actualise, dans une certaine mesure, la relation primordiale du nourrisson avec l'objet maternel. L'article souligne les limites du moment esthétique, car il ne remplace pas le besoin de la rencontre humaine, tout en indiquant son potentiel comme une sorte de lieu d'attente supportable qui maintient ouvert l'horizon de la rencontre.
Este artículo es una reflexión teórica sobre algunas potencialidades del momento estético: se configura, al mismo tiempo, como refugio de las tormentas del presente, como posibilidad de fortalecer los lazos del individuo con la vida y como apertura al futuro. La relación del pianista inglés James Rhodes con la música clásica, narrada por él en su autobiografía, se presenta como una expresión de tales potencialidades. En nuestro argumento, describimos el momento estético como un momento de afojar los límites del yo, que actualiza, hasta cierto punto, la relación primordial del bebé con el objeto materno. Destacamos los límites del momento estético, ya que éste no sustituye a la necesidad del encuentro humano, pero indicamos que puede presentarse como una especie de lugar de espera soportable que mantiene abierto el horizonte del encuentro.
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Objective To estimate knee adduction moment (KAM) and knee flexion moment (KFM) under different gait test conditions via an inertial sensor network (ISN). Methods Twelve healthy young male subjects wore eight inertial sensors (located in the trunk, pelvis, both thighs, both shanks, both feet) and walked under different test conditions (changing foot progression angle, trunk sway angle, step width and walking speed). An ISN was used to extract biomechanical features as the input of recurrent neural network (RNN), so as to estimate the KAM and KFM. Results The overall KAM estimation accuracy: relative root mean square error (rRMSE) was 8.54% and r=0.84. The overall KFM estimation accuracy was rRMSE=6.40% and r=0.94. Conclusions The model can be used as the basis for load estimation of knee joints out of the lab and its potential application includes gait training and rehabilitation assessment after knee surgery.
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Objective To fabricate a foldable microplate for single cell culture and establish finite element model of the folding microplate, so as to calculate traction force of single cells during contraction in three-dimensional (3D) state.Methods The folding angle of the microplate casued by cell traction force was calculated. Then the relation between bending moment and folding angle as well as the relation between traction force and bending moment were derived by using finite element simulation, so as to realize the characterization of traction force for singel cell in 3D state.Results The folding angles of the microplate with HSF and MC3T3-E1 cells in 3D state were 73°-173° and 49°-138°, respectively. The single cell traction forces of HSF and MC3T3-E1 cells were 55-210 nN and 52-161 nN, respectively.Conclusions The proposed method for measuring traction force of single cells in 3D state by fabricating the foldable microplate for single cell culture will provide some references for further development of calculating traction forces in 3D cell adhesion, spreading and migration.
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Objective To investigate the effects of shoes type (barefoot, ordinary running shoes, minimalist shoes) and walking speed (jogging, walking at normal speed) on biomechanical parameters of knee joint, so as to provide theoretical reference for scientific fitness. Methods Vicon three-dimensional （3D） motion capture system and Kistler 3D force plate were used to collect biomechanical parameters of lower limbs from 10 subjects during walking at different speed with different shoes. Two-way (2 walking conditions × 3 shoe conditions) repeated measures analysis of variance was used to statistically analyze each dependent variable. Results Compared with jogging, the lateral excursion of plantar center of pressure (COP) was greater, the moment arm in frontal plane, the adduction moment and peak loading rate of knee joint were smaller, but the angular impulse of knee joint in frontal plane was greater. Compared with ordinary running shoes, the stride length was decreased, the lateral excursion of COP was greater, and the moment arm of knee joint in frontal plane, the knee adduction moment, the peak load rate and the angular impulse of knee joint in frontal plane were smaller. Conclusions In order to reduce the angular impulse and peak loading rate of knee joint in frontal plane, it is recommended to jog with small strides for ordinary people with minimalist footwear.
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The present work is to analyze the HPLC fingerprints of mulberry-sourced materials(Mori Ramulus, Mori Folium, Muri Cortex, Mori Fructus) using the fingerprint division total statistical moment method and information entropy, and to study the diffe-rences of the chemical components and the overall characteristics of the imprinting template in different parts of mulberry-sourced medicinal materials, so as to provide the basis for finding the effective substances in response to "homologous and different effect" of mulberry(Morus alba). The fingerprints of 24 batches of mulberry-related materials, such as Mori Ramulus, Mori Folium, Muri Cortex, Mori Fructus, were established, and the similarities and differences of the fingerprints were analyzed by calculating the division total statistical moment parameters and information entropy. The AUC_T, MCRT_T, VCRT_T and H values of 24 batches of mulberry-sourced materials were less than 0.05, with significant difference. Among them, all samples showed absorption peaks within 3-11, and 20-24 min, indicating that the four types had the identical or similar chemical composition in the same time period. After 34 min, none of the four types showed absorption peaks. Greater VCRT_T value of the fingerprints of the four kinds was observed at the retention time ranges of 3-4, 16-18, 25-27, and 31-32 min, indicating that the components of the four kinds were significantly different in these time periods; and VCRT_T value of the mulberry was significantly higher than that of the other three kinds of medicinal materials at the retention time windows of 3-4 and 15-17 min; the VCRT_T value of the mulberry white skin was significantly higher at the time windows of 8-10 and 28-30 min; the VCRT_T value of all four kinds was significantly higher within 21-23 min, indicating that the four herbs contain the same or similar components in the chromatogram during this period, but there may be significant differences between the content and the proportion. In addition, the information entropy of mulberry branches is the largest at 7-12, 23-27 min, and that of mulberry fruits is the largest at 2-8 min, which indicates that the components of mulberry branches and mulberry fruits respond greatly in the corresponding period of time, which is also the main peak period of their chemical components. For the chemical components and corresponding efficacy here. The results showed that there are significant differences in the components and contents of mulberry-sourced medicinal materials. The division total statistical moment and information entropy of the total amount of segments can be used to analyze the differences in the components of "homology and different effects", which could provide a more comprehensive analysis method for the determination of quality markers.
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Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Entropia , Frutas , Morus , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
Resumo O recorte problemático abordado neste artigo está no contexto das práticas pedagógicas da formação profissional em nível superior para o trabalho no campo da saúde. Após refletir brevemente acerca dos problemas do privilégio da técnica, apresenta a experiência e os objetivos da proposta do momento cultural como introdução de elementos estéticos na formação de alunos de graduação e pós-graduação em saúde. Na segunda parte, situa as relações entre arte, cultura e estética utilizadas neste trabalho e, a partir das experiências de mais de uma década com a proposta do momento cultural em sala de aula, discute os efeitos formativos observados a partir das apresentações do momento cultural por parte dos alunos. Finalmente, argumenta acerca da importância da formação estética para a renovação do cuidado em saúde a partir da discussão com autores clássicos e contemporâneos e propõe o momento cultural como iniciativa de introdução de elementos estéticos na formação de profissionais do campo da saúde.
Abstract The core issue addressed in this article is in the context of the teaching practices of professional training at tertiary education level for work in the health field. After reflecting briefly on the problems of the privilege of the technique, the experience, and objectives of the proposal of the cultural moment are presented as the introduction of aesthetic elements in the training of undergraduate and graduate students in health. In the second part, the relations between art, culture and aesthetics used in this work are outlined and, from the experiences of more than a decade dealing with the proposal of the cultural moment in the classroom, the observed and potential formative effects based on the cultural moment presentations by the students are discussed. Lastly, the importance of aesthetic training for the updating of healthcare based on the discussion with classical and contemporary authors is stressed, and the cultural moment is proposed as an initiative for the introduction of aesthetic elements in the training of professionals in the health field.
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Humanos , Currículo , Estudantes , EstéticaRESUMO
Objective To study the influence of different moment-to-force ratios (M/F) and forces on canine displacement and periodontal ligament (PDL) stress. Methods A three-dimensional (3D) mandibular model was established based on CT images. The orthodontic force systems without a moment and with various M/F were applied to the canine for numerical calculation of its translation. An optimum force system to realize canine translation was validated by analyzing translation displacement of the canine in each case. Results The PDL stress increased with an increase in force magnitude in all cases. The PDL stress first decreased with an increase in the M/F before the M/F reached the optimum value (M/F=10.1 mm), and then increased with an increase in the M/F. The initial displacement of the canine was inclined movement, which was most close to translation when the precise optimum M/F was applied. Conclusions The canine movement requires an appropriate force to prevent root absorption, whereas the translation movement requires an optimal M/F value which is within the physiological range. Understanding the influence of force and moment on tooth translation can help to apply more reasonable orthodontic force system and design more reasonable orthodontic device.
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Objective To discuss rationality of the three-link model used in analysis on interactive dynamics of deep squatting, and clarify the source of differences in calculation of joint torque by three-link model and Visual 3D. Methods Eight subjects were selected to obtain kinematic data of the squat motion through Vicon. The second Lagrangian equation was used to establish the three-link dynamic equation. The joint torque was calculated based on the Mathematica programming. The results were compared with the calculation results of lower limb chain segment model by Visual 3D, and the similarity between the two results was evaluated by the coefficient of complex correlation (CMC). Results The CMC of hip joint and knee joint from 8 subjects was larger than 0.85, and the CMC of ankle joint was between 0.50-0.85. The joint torque calculated by three-link dynamic equation and Visual 3D was highly similar in hip joint and knee joint, and there was only a moderate similarity in ankle joint. Conclusions The three-link model can be used in further analysis on interactive dynamics of deep squatting, but the influence of interactive moment caused by ground reaction force (external moment) on ankle torque should be considered.
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Objective:To investigate the difference of isokinetic angle-specific moment curves between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured patients with and without patellofemoral cartilage injury (PFCI). Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on patients underwent knee arthroscopy and isokinetic muscle strength testing before surgery from September, 2018 to September, 2019. Seventeen ACL-injured patients with PFCI and 17 ACL-injured patients without PFCI who matched in age, sex and meniscus injury were selected. Before arthroscopy, isometric and isokinetic strength of knee flexion and extension at velocity of 180°/s and 60°/s was tested by isokinetic dynamometer. Normalized torque-angle curves (torque/body mass) were generated in steps of 1° and the differences in angle-specific moment curves between two groups were compared. Results:At 180°/s, there was no significant difference in flexion isokinetic torque both healthy side and affected side between two groups (P >0.05); and no difference in extension torque of the healthy side (P >0.05), however, there was significant difference in extension torque of the affected side at 88° to 90° between two groups (t > 2.102, P <0.05). At 60°/s, there was significant difference in flexion torque of the healthy side at 62° to 82° between two groups (|t| >2.056, P <0.05), and no significant difference was found in flexion torque of the affected side (P >0.05), nor in extension torque of both sides between two groups (P > 0.05). A curve change was found at the beginning of the flexion and extension isokinetic moment curves at the velocity of 180°/s. The isometric knee extension torque was significantly different in the affected side between two groups (t = 2.858, P < 0.01), and no difference was found in isometric knee flexion torque in the affected side as well as both extension and flexion torques in the healthy side between two groups (t < 1.905, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The lower the isokinetic speed, the more significant the difference of strength is between ACL-injury patients with and without PFCI. High speed exercise is recommended for ACL-injured patients with PFCI.
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Objective:The molecular connectivity index method and total statistical moment method were used to control the quality of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and the stability and consistency of volatile components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were clarified. Method:Volatile oils in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos from different producing areas was extracted for GC-MS determination with electron bombardment ion source， ion source temperature of 230 ℃， and detection range of m/z 35-650. Then National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） 05 and ChemicalBook database were used for qualitative analysis of these volatile components， the peak area normalization method was used for quantitative analysis， and the total statistical moment parameters and the zero-order， first-order， second-order， third-order molecular connectivity indexes of the components were calculated. Result:Number of peaks （RSD were 28.5%， 33.4%， respectively）， total zero-order moments （RSD were 55.5%， 128.9%， respectively） and total second-order moments （RSD were 15.3%， 21.5%， respectively） of 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were unstable， indicating that the types and contents of volatile components fluctuated sharply， but the total first-order moments （RSD were 7.5%， 8.8%， respectively） and the zero-order， first-order， second-order and third-order molecular connectivity indexes （RSD ranged from 8.1% to 10.3% and 4.2% to 5.5%， respectively） were relatively stable， indicating that the overall "imprinting template" of the components was similar. Statistical analysis of each parameter found that there were no significant differences in the number of peaks， total first-order moments and zero-order， first-order， second-order， third-order molecular connectivity indexes between volatile oils from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. Conclusion:Under the guidance of supramolecular gas evolution "imprinting template" theory， the molecular connectivity index method and total statistical moment parameters are used to jointly characterize the "imprinting template" of TCM components in vitro， which can control the stability and consistency of TCM quality.
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Objective: To optimize the condition of the fingerprint of the classic prescription Shentong Zhuyu Decoction (SZD) by the principle of information entropy maximization. Methods: The chromatographic fingerprint was obtained with Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) and gradient eluted with acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution; The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, and the column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃; The detection wavelengths were set at 190-400 nm, and the injection volume was 1 μL, and calculate the information entropy to optimize the wavelength of maximizing the information entropy of the fingerprint of SZD, under the optimal wavelength, investigate the mobile phase, column temperature, flow rate, sample volume, select the optimal conditions based on the principle of maximizing the information entropy, and carry out the fingerprint study of 15 batches of SZD under the optimal conditions. Results : Under the principle of information entropy maximization, the optimal conditions of the fingerprint of SZD were as follows: the detection wavelength was 235 nm, and gradient eluted with acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution; The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min, and the column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃, the injection volume was 3 μL; The absolute and relative entropy was the largest. The total statistical moment similarity of 15 batches of SZD fingerprints ranged from 0.882 8 to 0.995 3. The RSD values of the total first-order moment and information entropy of the total amount were 5.40% and 2.25% respectively, all of which were less than 10%, indicating that the imprinting effect of the overall chemical structure of the multi-component system of traditional Chinese medicine was stable. Conclusion: When the number and area of chromatographic peaks reach the best characterization, the information entropy is the largest. At this time, the number of peaks is high, the shape of peaks is better, the resolution is good, the number of theoretical plates is higher, and the best condition of fingerprint can be determined. The principle of information entropy maximization can provide scientific basis for fingerprint optimization of traditional Chinese medicine and its compound prescription, and lay a foundation for quality control of classical formulas.
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Studying the ability of the brain to recognize different odors is of great significance in the assessment and diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction. The wavelet energy moment (WEM) was proposed as a feature of olfactory electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and used for odor classification. Firstly, the olfactory evoked EEG data of 13 odors were collected by an experiment. Secondly, the WEM was extracted from olfactory evoked EEG data as the signal feature, and the power spectrum density (PSD), approximate entropy, sample entropy and wavelet entropy were used as the contrast features. Finally, -nearest neighbor ( -NN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and decision tree classifier were used to identify different odors. The results showed that using the above four classifiers, the classification accuracy of WEM feature was higher than other features, and the -NN classifier combined with WEM feature had the highest classification accuracy (91.07%). This paper further explored the characteristics of different EEG frequency bands, and found that most of the classification accuracy based on the features of γ band was better than that of the full band and other bands, among which the WEM feature of the γ band combined with the -NN classifier had the highest classification accuracy (93.89 %). The research results of this paper could provide a new objective basis for the evaluation of olfactory function. On the other hand, it could also provide new ideas for the study of olfactory-induced emotions.
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The Chinese medicine is mostly derived from plants or animals, highly polymorphic, with dynamic components which are reflected by the characteristic peaks and fingerprint peaks in chromatographic fingerprints. The chromatopharmacokinetics method for determined components is not applicable due to dynamic changes of chromatopharmacokinetics. Based on the preliminary study, dynamic pharmacokinetics mathematical model for multiple components in Chinese medicine was set up and verified by Buyang Huanwu Decoction as the model drug, applying the principle of the total quantum statistical moment(TQSM), superimposing or subtracting the relevant statistical parameters in blood samples and blank samples. This provided a new method for the chromatopharmacokinetic study of Chinese medicine. HPLC was used to determine the TQSM parameters in blood and blank sample fingerprints of Buyang Huanwu Decoction at each point, and the overall TQSM parameters of drug-containing blood sample and blank samples were obtained with addition calculation of TQSM; while the initial TQSM of the pure drug can be obtained with subtraction calculation. The metabolic and absorption equilibrium constants were calculated iteratively to a steady state using the estimated metabolic equilibrium constants, then the metabolic chromatopharmacokinetic parameters in rats were obtained: VUC_T 1.262×10~8 mAu·s, MRT_T 37.48 h, VRT_T 9.016×10~2 h~2, CL_T 25.79 mL·h~(-1)·kg~(-1), Vs 1.586×10~2 mL·kg~(-1), t_(T,0.5) 6.15 h, respectively. This suggested that 95% of the compounds in whole recipe were metabolized and secreted from the body after 0-96.33 h. The experiment verified that the established mathematical model and the total quantum moment statistics parameters can represent the dose-time relationship of Buyang Huanwu Decoction, which can be used to study on in vivo metabolism dynamics for Chinese medicine.
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Animais , Ratos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , FarmacocinéticaRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the HPLC fingerprints of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos by total statistical moment analysis,in order to provide a basis for studying the nature of the "heterologous effect" phenomenon. Method: HPLC fingerprints of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were established,and the statistical moment parameters and similarity were evaluated by total statistical moment method. Result: According to the total statistical moment parameters of the 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos samples, RSDs of AUCT,λT, σT2 were 27.537%,1.685%,and 8.346%. According to the total statistical moment parameters of the 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos samples, RSDs of AUCT, λT, σT2 were 14.752%,2.155% and 2.882%. The similarity of 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos fingerprints was above 0.92,and the similarity of 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos were above 0.93. The 10 batches of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the 10 batches of Lonicerae Flos fingerprints were compared,and the similarity was above 0.84. Conclusion: According to the results,the similarity of the Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos fingerprints was very high,which indicated a similarity in chemical composition and composition ratio between Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. This may be a prerequisite for the phenomenon of "heterologous effects".
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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease. Hip muscle training, with the advantage of convenience and non-invasion, has been attached great importance by people gradually. Hip muscle training may affect keen medial compartment load, the strength and the electromyography signal of the muscle around the knee joint, and strong hip abductor can protect cartilage, which leads to change the load of the knee joint, and alleviate clinical symptoms. This article reviewed the mechanism of hip muscle training for knee osteoarthritis from the views of biomechanical simulation and electromyography.
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Objective To establish the musculoskeletal multi-body dynamic foot-ground contact model and explore its applicability at different speed. Methods The gait data of the subjects at different speed were collected, and the foot-ground contact model was established based on the full body model from the musculoskeletal multibody dynamic software AnyBody. Then the calculated ground reaction forces (GRFs) and ground reaction moments (GRMs) at different speed (slow walking, normal walking, fast walking and jogging) were compared with the measurements from the force plates. Results The predicted GRFs and GRMs correlated well with the experimental measurements at slow, normal and fast speed (stride speed ranged from 0.69 to 1.68 m/s). The correlation coefficients between predicted and measured GRFs were greater than 0.875 and the correlation coefficients for GRMs were greater than 0.9. Conclusions The developed foot-ground contact model could simultaneously predict GRFs and GRMs with good accuracy, thus eliminating the dependency on force plates. The model could be applied to low-speed gait conditions, such as the elderly and pathological gait.
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Research and development of classical prescription of Chinese medicine has become one of the hot spots in the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and the successful development of the primary standard is crucial to the application of the classical prescription of Chinese medicine. Primary standard of classical prescription is not only the benchmark to measure the quality of preparation of classical prescription, but also the material basis of whole prescription. The development and quality control mode of single component of western medicine is not suitable for the development of TCM preparation with integral medicinal function. Thus, it is very urgent to develop an exclusive research and development model for TCM. In order to break through the quality control technology of primary standard of classical prescription, and comprehensively and accurately elucidate the transmission rule of the component group value of medicinal materials-decoction pieces-primary standard of classical prescription with the present modern science and technology, the genetic polymorphism of TCM, extraction kinetics, total quantum statistical moment (similarity) method of fingerprint and supramolecular imprinting template were combined and applied to the development of primary standard of classical prescription. In this way, the development and quality control of TCM will be realized in a real sense and the development of classical prescription of Chinese medicine will be accelerated and promoted.