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Background@#Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, especially in low-income and middle-income countries and it impacts a tremendous medical, emotional and fiscal burden on society. Due to advances in Western healthcare, the prevalence of stroke since 1970 has decreased by 42%, whereas it has more than doubled in low-income to middle-income countries. </br> Stroke is a heterogeneous, multifactorial disease regulated by modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Approximately 80% of stroke events could be prevented by making simple lifestyle modifications. In fact, nationwide characterization of well-known stroke factors in all social backgrounds is essential, however; populations can differ significantly not only in their socio-behavioral, legal, and geographical conditions, but also from other, historically understudied. Therefore, it is crucial to determine characterization of risk factors for ischemic stroke among Mongolian population.@*Objective@#To determine etiology and risk factors for ischemic stroke among Mongolian population@*Material and methods@#Our study was conducted by case-control study design. Cases were patients with acute first stroke; controls were matched with cases, recruited in a 1.2:1 ratio, for age and sex. The case series study was conducted in Stroke center of Third State Central hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. Structured questionnaires were administered and physical examinations were done in the same manner in cases and controls. Self-reported history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus or blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg and blood sugar 6.4 mmol/L or higher was used to hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Smoking status was defined as never, former, or current smoker. Alcohol use was categorized into never or former, low intake, moderate intake, and high or episodic heavy intake. Atrial fibrillation was based on previous history, review of baseline electrocardiograph results (for cases and controls). Odds ratios (OR) and logistic regression were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals. @*Results@#In total, 173 patients with ischemic stroke and 146 controls were included. The patients’ age ranged from 17 to 92, the mean age was 61.2. Ischemic stroke more frequent in man than women by 27.4%. Previous history of hypertension or blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.48-3.88), diabetes mellitus (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.44-6.57), hyperlipidemia (OR 5.09, 95% CI 2.64-9.82) atrial fibrillation (OR 8.70, 95% CI 2.01-37.64 ), current smoking (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.26-3.40), alcohol consumption (OR 4.75, 95% CI 2.58-8.73) were all significantly associated with ischemic stroke. The mean age was lower in patients with stroke of other determined etiology. The frequency of hypertension was higher in patients with lacunar infarct than other subtypes. Smoking was high frequent in patients with large artery atherosclerosis.@*Conclusion@#6 potentially modifiable risk factors were collectively associated with ischemic stroke and were different among ischemic stroke subtypes. The odds ratios of these risk factors are higher than other countries’ study.
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Abstract: The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme is widely distributed in tissue, particularly heart, liver muscle, and kidney. The LDH in serum can be separated into five different isoenzymes based on their electrophoretic mobility. Each isoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two different subunits. These two subunits have been designated heart and muscle, based on their polypeptide chains. There are two homotetramers, LDH-1 and LDH-5, and three hybrid isoenzymes. Elevated serum levels of LDH have been observed in a variety of disease states. The highest levels are seen in patients with megaloblastic anemia, disseminated carcinoma, and shock. Moderate increases occur in muscular disorders, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis. Mild increases in LDH activity have been reported in cases of myocardial or pulmonary infarction, leukemia, hemolytic anemia, and hepatitis. This study aims to compare a LDH activity in comparatively healthy Mongolian population using highly sensitivity modern technology and evaluate their contents with age, sex, and work adults differences, For this purpose there were chosen 3742 healthy adults (1597 males and 2145 females). The enzyme activity were investigated in Mobio laboratory using fully automated analyzer COBAS Integra-400. Study results were assessed using Microsoft Excel SPSS-10 standard program and evaluation. The study results show that mathematical mean of LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population is 322.6 u/l, quadratic mean of deviation is 44.9 u/l, and significant distribution is 187.2-442.6 u/l with p=0,99. The mathematical mean of LDH activity of healthy Mongolian man 187-444 u/l, but for women it is 187-438 u/l, with haven’t differences. The level LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population does not depend from age. The level LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population have differences from work adults. Conclusion: 1.From the findings indicated LDH activity by 187.2-442.6 u/l. 2.Study findings shown LDH activity level not influenced for age and sex. 3.There fore we defined LDG activity level influenced physical and mental overload.
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Abstract:The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme is widely distributed in tissue, particularly heart, liver muscle, and kidney. The LDH in serum can be separated into five different isoenzymes based on their electrophoretic mobility. Each isoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two different subunits. These two subunits have been designated heart and muscle, based on their polypeptide chains. There are two homotetramers, LDH-1 and LDH-5, and three hybrid isoenzymes. Elevated serum levels of LDH have been observed in a variety of disease states. The highest levels are seen in patients with megaloblastic anemia, disseminated carcinoma, and shock. Moderate increases occur in muscular disorders, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis. Mild increases in LDH activity have been reported in cases of myocardial or pulmonary infarction, leukemia, hemolytic anemia, and hepatitis.This study aims to compare a LDH activity in comparatively healthy Mongolian population using highly sensitivity modern technology and evaluate their contents with age, sex, and work adults differences, For this purpose there were chosen 3742 healthy adults (1597 males and 2145 females). The enzyme activity were investigated in Mobio laboratory using fully automated analyzer COBAS Integra-400. Study results were assessed using Microsoft Excel SPSS-10 standard program and evaluation.The study results show that mathematical mean of LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population is 322.6 u/l, quadratic mean of deviation is 44.9 u/l, and significant distribution is 187.2-442.6 u/l with p=0,99. The mathematical mean of LDH activity of healthy Mongolian man 187-444 u/l, but for women it is 187-438 u/l, with haven’t differences. The level LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population does not depend from age. The level LDH activity of healthy Mongolian population have differences from work adults.Conclusion:1.From the findings indicated LDH activity by 187.2-442.6 u/l.2.Study findings shown LDH activity level not influenced for age and sex.3.There fore we defined LDG activity level influenced physical and mental overload.
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IndroductionThe short tandem repeats (STR) are rich source of highly polymorphic markers in the human genome. In this study, we used a commercially available multiplex STR typing kit to study 15 STR systems (D3S1358, THO1, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA,) in the Mongolians population, and estimated the allele and genotype frequencies. These 15 STR loci include 2 new pentanucleotide repeat STR loci, Penta E and Penta D, so are not studied in Mongolians.GoalTo determine allele frequency of STR loci D3S1358, THO1,D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, FGA Penta E, Penta D in Mongolian population.Materials and MethodsThe liquid blood, blood stain and saliva samples were taken from 165 unrelated individuals from Mongolian. Extraction DNA: Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples by the standard method of phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol and Wizard Genomic DNA Purification kit, Promega Corporation [21], from blood stain and saliva samples QIAamp DNA micro kit, Qiagen [25], AccuPrep Genomic DNA Extration kit, Bioneer, Koreans extraction method respectively.PCR: PCR amplification was performed using 10-15 ng genomic DNA template according to manufacturer’s protocol (PowerPlex® 16 and PowerPlex® 16HS kit, Promega Corporation, USA). Typing: DNA typing was performed on the ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) using the recommended protocol. The results were analyzed by Data Collection (Version 1.1), GeneScan (Version 3.1), and Genotyper (Version 3.1) softwares (AppliedBiosystems).ResultsWe assessed forensic and population genetic studies using 15 STR loci included in s sample of 165 unrelated individuals from Mongolian. Allele frequency were listed in Table 2. Totally 20 alleles /5, 7-25/ were found from microsatellite Penta E locus and allele 11 has most frequent (0.1128). 6-16 alleles were found from Penta D locus and allele 9 has most frequent (0.3262). This result is interesting because allele 6 of Penta D locus was found rarely among other populations. But relatively higher frequency of allele 6 (0.0183) was found in Mongolian population. A population comparison based in genetic distance and genetic diversity calculated from allele frequencies of the 15 STR loci from obtained five different populations is shown the Table 3. Conclusions:1. Penta E locus was highly polymorphic, and 20 alleles were found in this Mongolians population and allele 11 was most frequent.2. Penta D locus was 20 alleles were found in this Mongolians population and allele 9 was most frequent.
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Although the genetic basis for bone mineral density (BMD) has been studied by many groups so far, genes responsible for this complex trait has not been completely revealed. In order to localize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BMD variation in Asian population, the study was designed using a group of Mongolian population, a genetically closed population with a homogeneous lifestyle. BMD was measured at the left and right wrists and ankles using DEXA in 1,082 participants from 142 families. Genotyping of 13 polymorphic microsatellitemarkers on chromosome 13 (average spacing 8-9 cM) and two-point and multipoint linkage analysis wereperformed. In two-point linkage analysis, we identified two markers, D13S175 (6.03 cM) and D13S265 (68.73cM) that had LOD scores greater than 1 for left ankle (LOD=2.09, LOD=1.49, respectively). We also found a marker D13S175 (6.03 cM) with a high LOD for left wrist (LOD=1.49) and the markers D13S265 (68.73 cM) and D13S217 (17.21 cM) for the right wrist (LOD= 1.82, LOD= 1.62, respectively). Among these significant marker regions, only two regions at 17 cM (13p11) and 65 cM (13q21) for the right wrist overlapped with major QTLs reported in following multipoint linkage analysis (LOD= 1.7549, LOD=1.4462, respectively). This study provides the possible evidence of the presence of QTLs affecting right wrist BMD in Mongolian populations on 13p11 and 13q21. Modest evidence was also found for genes affecting left ankle and left wrist BMD on 13p13.