The relationship between covid-19 burnout and the moral sensitivity of healthcare professionals

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the burnout of physicians and nurses and their moral sensitivity during the pandemic. This was a descriptive and correlational study. This study was carried out with physicians and nurses who were continuing to work actively during the pandemic. Snowboard sampling method was utilized. The total mean score of the participants on the MSQ was 90.78±19.10. The total mean score of the COVID-19 Burnout Scale was 34.52±9.65. A statistically weak and significant correlation was found between the COVID-19 Burnout Scale and the MSQ total score, as well as the "benefit" and "conflict" sub-dimensions. It was determined that as MSQ total scores, "benefit" and "conflict" scores decreased in healthcare workers, COVID-19 burnout scores increased. In our study, the moral sensitivity of the participants was found to be moderate, and their burnout levels were found to be high. Although there was a weak relationship, it was observed that burnout levels increased as moral sensitivity levels increased. It is crucial that we learn from pandemic experiences and transfer this knowledge to future generations. In particular, we must assimilate these important lessons into training in order to develop and protect the moral sensitivity of healthcare professionals.

Este estudio pretendía examinar la relación entre el burnout de médicos y enfermeras y su sensibilidad moral durante la pandemia. Se trató de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, y se llevó a cabo con médicos y enfermeras que seguían trabajando activamente durante la pandemia. Se utilizó el método de muestreo de Snowboard. La puntuación media total de los participantes en el MSQ fue de 90,78±19,10. La puntuación media total de la Escala de Burnout COVID-19 fue de 34,52±9,65. Se encontró una correlación estadísticamente débil y significativa entre la Escala de Burnout COVID-19 y la puntuación total del MSQ, así como las subdimensiones "beneficio" y "conflicto". Se determinó que, a medida que disminuían las puntuaciones totales del MSQ y las puntuaciones de "beneficio" y "conflicto" en los trabajadores sanitarios, aumentaban las puntuaciones de burnout de la COVID-19. En nuestro estudio, se observó que la sensibilidad moral de los participantes era moderada y que sus niveles de burnout eran elevados. Aunque existía una relación débil, se observó que los niveles de burnout aumentaban a medida que lo hacían los de sensibilidad moral. Es crucial que aprendamos de las experiencias pandémicas y transmitamos estos conocimientos a las generaciones futuras. En particular, debemos asimilar estas importantes lecciones en la formación para desarrollar y proteger la sensibilidad moral de los profesionales sanitarios.

Esse estudo objetivou examinar a relação entre o burnout de médicos e enfermeiras e sua sensibilidade moral durante a pandemia. Esse era um estudo descritivo e correlacional. Esse estudo foi realizado com médicos e enfermeiras que continuaram trabalhando ativamente durante a pandemia. O método da amostragem em snowboard foi utilizado. A média total dos participantes no MSQ foi 90,78±19,10. A média total na Escala de Burnout pela COVID-19 foi 34,52±9,65. Uma correlação fraca e significante foi encontrada entre os escores totais na Escalas de Burnout pela COVID-19 e MSQ, assim como nas subdimensões "benefício" e "conflito". Determinou-se que como os escores totais na MSQ e os escores "benefício" e "conflito" diminuiram em trabalhadores de cuidados à saúde, os escores de burnout pela COVID-19 aumentaram. Em nosso estudo, a sensibilidade moral dos participantes foi considerada ser moderada e seus níveis de burnout considerados serem altos. Embora tenha havido uma correlação fraca, foi observado que os níveis de burnout aumentaram quando os níveis de sensibilidade moral aumentaram. É essencial que aprendamos das experiências com a pandemia e passemos esse conhecimento para as futuras gerações. Em particular, nós devemos assimilar essas importantes lições em treinamentos, de forma a desenvolver e proteger a sensibilidade moral de profissionais de cuidados à saúde.

Moral sensitivity, ethical experiences and related factors of pediatric nurses: a cross- sectional, correlational study / Sensibilidad moral, experiencias éticas y factores relacionados de enfermeras pediatras: un estudio transversal de correlación / Sensibilidade moral, experiências éticas e fatores relacionados da enfermagem pediátrica: um estudo transversal correlacional

Abstract: 14. The aim of this study is to determine the ethical experiences and the level of moral sensitivity and related factors of pediatric nurses working in hospital settings. Designed as descriptive and cross-sectional, the study was undertaken at three public hospitals in Konya and Ankara, Turkey and included the participation of a total of 200 pediatric nurses. The Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) was used for evaluation of the ethical sensitivities of the nurses. Of the 200 nurses, 46.5% had working experience of between 1-5 years, 58% were married, 18.6% had not undergone any ethics education, and 59.5% held a bachelor's degree. A large majority (95%) of the pediatric nurses reported that they had encountered ethical problems. The mean moral sensitivity score of the nurses was 95.89±24.34, with higher scores in this area being observed in the nurses who were in the older age group and had worked longer than others (p<0.05). The mean moral sensitivity score of the nurses was determined to be at a medium level and was found to be influenced by the age group they were in and the length of time they had worked.

Resumen: 18. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en determinar las experiencias éticas y el nivel de sensibilidad moral y factores relacionados de enfermeras pediatras que trabajan en hospitales. El diseño del estudio es descriptivo y transversal y se realizó en tres hospitales públicos en Konya y Ankara en Turquía, incluyendo la participación de un total de 200 enfermeras pediatras. Para evaluar la sensibilidad ética de las enfermeras se usó el Cuestionario sobre Sensibilidad Moral (CSM). De las 200 enfermeras, 46,5% tenía experiencia de trabajo entre uno y cinco años, 58% era casada, 18,6% no había recibido educación en ética y 59,5% era licenciada. Una gran mayoría (95%) de las enfermeras pediatras informó que había experimentado problemas éticos. El puntaje medio de sensibilidad moral fue de 95.89±24.34, con puntajes más altos para las enfermeras de mayor edad y que habían trabajado más tiempo (p<0.05). Se determinó que el puntaje medio de sensibilidad moral era de nivel medio y que estaba influenciado por el grupo etario y el tiempo de experiencia de trabajo.

Resumo: 22. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar as experiências éticas e o nível de sensibilidade moral e fatores relacionados da atuação da enfermagem pediátrica no ambiente hospitalar. Concebido como descritivo e transversal, o estudo foi realizado em três hospitais públicos em Konya e Ankara (Turquia) e contou com a participação de um total de 200 enfermeiros pediátricos. O questionário de sensibilidade Moral (MSQ) foi usado para avaliar a sensibilidade ética dos enfermeiros. Dos 200 enfermeiros, 46,5% tinham experiência profissional entre 1 a 5 anos, 58% eram casados, 18,6% não tinham qualquer instrução de estudos de ética e 59,5% tinham graduação. Uma grande maioria (95%) dos enfermeiros pediatras relataram que já encararam problemas éticos. A pontuação média acerca da sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros foi de 95.89±24.34, com notas mais altas no grupo em que os enfermeiros estavam na faixa etária mais velha e tinham trabalhado mais do que outros (p < 0,05). A pontuação média de sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros foi determinada em um nível médio e foi identificada pela influência da faixa etária e de tempo que tinham trabalhado.

Sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros face aos problemas éticos na atenção primária à saúde / Moral sensitivity of nurses to ethical problems in primary health care

Nesta tese defende-se que a sensibilidade moral é necessária para reconhecer, interpretar e responder de forma apropriada os problemas éticos vivenciados pelos enfermeiros nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários. Este estudo possui uma perspetiva luso brasileira na medida em que se insere no acordo de dupla titulação realizado entre a Universidade Católica Portuguesa e a Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. A comparação luso-brasileira de resultados possibilita absorver a realidade de cada país, estratégias e caminhos para qualificar cada vez mais o cuidado da enfermagem. Esse estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros que atuam nos cuidados de saúde Primários em Portugal e no Brasil. Mais especificamente, traduzir e adaptar o questionário de sensibilidade moral para os enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde de Portugal e do Brasil, validar o questionário de sensibilidade moral com os enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde de Portugal e do Brasil e caracterizar os fatores associados ao nível de sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros na atenção primária à saúde de Portugal e do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, observacional e correlacional descritivo de duas amostras independentes. A amostra foi constituída por 331 enfermeiros de Portugal e 316 enfermeiros do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. O questionário de sensibilidade moral versão Brasil (MSQ-B) e versão Portugal (MSQ-P) após a validação permaneceram com 27 itens, distribuidos em quatro dimensões: orientação interpessoal, conhecimento profissional, conflito moral e significado moral. O MSQ-B explicou 55,8% da variância total e teve um alfa de Cronbach de 0,82. O MSQ-P apresentou uma variância de 54,0% e um alfa de 0,89. A média de sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros atenção primária à saúde no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil foi de 4,49 e em Portugal 4,94 em 7. O questionário de sensibilidade moral é um instrumento válido e apropriado para avaliar a sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil e em Portugal. Este estudo observou todos os preceitos éticos e legais das pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos, pois garantiu uma participação livre e voluntária. A pesquisa é desenvolvida sob a modalidade Bolsa de Doutorado Pleno no Exterior, concedida pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- CAPES.

In this thesis it is argued that moral sensitivity is necessary to recognize, interpret and respond appropriately the ethical problems experienced by nurses in Primary Health Care. This study has a Luso-Brazilian perspective insofar as it is part of the double degree agreement between the Universidade Católica Portuguesa and the School of Nursing of the University of São Paulo. The Luso-Brazilian comparison of results makes it possible to absorb from the reality of each country, strategies and ways to increasingly qualify nursing care. This study aims to evaluate the moral sensitivity of nurses working in primary health care in Portugal and Brazil. More specifically, to translate and adapt the moral sensitivity questionnaire for nurses in primary health care in Portugal and Brazil, to validate the questionnaire of moral sensitivity with nurses of primary health care in Portugal and Brazil and to characterize the factors associated with Level of moral sensitivity of nurses in primary health care in Portugal and Brazil. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and correlational study of two independent samples. The sample consisted of 331 nurses from Portugal and 316 nurses from Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. The Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire Brazilian version (MSQ-B) and Portuguese version (MSQ-P) after validation remained with 27 items, distributed in four dimensions: interpersonal orientation, professional knowledge, moral conflict and moral meaning. The MSQ-B explained 55.8% of the total variance and had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. The MSQ-P presented a variance of 54.0% and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The mean of moral sensitivity of nurses in primary health care in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil was 4.49 and in Portugal was 4.94 of 7. The moral sensitivity questionnaire is a valid and appropriate instrument to evaluate the moral sensitivity of nurses in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil and Portugal. The study observed all ethical and legal precepts of research involving human beings, since it guarantees a free and voluntary participation. The research is developed under the modality of full doctorate abroad, granted by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel-CAPES.

Moral Sensitivity, Empathy and Perceived Ethical Climate of Psychiatric Nurses Working in the National Mental Hospitals / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between Moral Sensitivity, Empathy and Perceived Ethical Climate for nurses working in national mental hospitals and to provide basic data for the development of interventions that enhance Moral Sensitivity and help psychiatric hospital nurses in Ethical Decision-making. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 psychiatric nurses working in the national mental hospitals. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which included the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS). RESULTS: The mean score for MSQ was 5.19, for IRI, 2.49, and for HECS, 3.73. There was a significant positive correlation between moral sensitivity and empathy (r=.24, p=.001), between moral sensitivity and perceived ethical climate (r=.17, p= .025) and between empathy and perceived ethical climate (r=.17, p=.025). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that moral sensitivity can be enhanced by improving empathy, a personal factor, and ethical climate, an organization factor. Further identification of the relationship between moral sensitivity and personal and organizational factors will be useful in the development of interventions to enhance moral sensitivity of nurses working in psychiatric wards.

Moral Distress, Moral Sensitivity and Ethical Climate of Nurses Working in Psychiatric Wards / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore level of moral distress, moral sensitivity, and ethical climate of nurses working in psychiatric wards and identify factors that influence moral distress. Also this study was done to describe the content of moral distress. METHODS: Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and focus group interviews. A survey was conducted with 108 psychiatric nurses and 8 volunteers were interviewed. Instruments used in this study were the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric Nurses, Korean version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and Ethical Climate Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program and content analysis. RESULTS: The mean score for moral distress was 3.74 and for moral sensitivity, 4.67. The significant factors influencing moral distress were clinical career in psychiatric wards, moral sensitivity, personal profit and friendship. As a result of content analysis, 3 domain of moral distress were found: moral distress situations, responses in moral distress situations, factors to overcome moral distress and resources that enable ethical nursing. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in the development of interventions to decrease moral distress for nurses working in psychiatric wards, factors identified as influencing moral distress and content of moral distress should be considered.

A Study of Comparison between Moral Sensitivity and Reasoning in Medical Students / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends and traits of moral sensitivity and reasoning over six years of medical school. METHODS: The participants in this study consisted of 217 first to sixth-year medical students of Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine in Korea. Essay type questionnaire was used for evaluating moral sensitivity and the Korean-Defining Issues Test (KDIT) was used for evaluating moral reasoning. RESULTS: It was found that the medical students' sensitivity of 'public welfare', 'prospective result' and 'role-taking as a doctor' was significantly higher than that of the pre-medical students'. Moral sensitivity increased in the 3rd and the 4th years but decreased in the 5th and the 6th years. Moral reasoning decreased in the 3rd and the 4th years but increased in the 5th and the 6th years. No correlation was observed between moral sensitivity and reasoning(r=0.033). Developmental trends of moral sensitivity and reasoning showed a significant difference in terms of year of medical school. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that medical school curriculum tends to impct students' moral sensitivity. This school has implemented the problem-based learning curriculum into the 3rd and the 4th years. It is necessary to consider the developmental state of the student's morality when developing an effective medical ethics program.