RESUMO
Petiveria alliacea, es conocida con diferentes nombres según el lugar donde se le encuentre. Estudios con hojas, tallo, raíz o extractos describen múltiples usos medicinales. Sin embargo, son pocos los que describen efectos tóxicos. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto morfológico de los vapores de la raíz de P. alliacea sobre el tracto respiratorio de ratas Wistar. Se emplearon 15 ratas divididas en 5 grupos (n=3): control absoluto, 0, 5, 15 y 30 minutos post-exposición (grupos I-V, respectivamente). Las ratas se sacrificaron y se colectaron muestras representativas del tracto respiratorio que posteriormente se procesaron por la técnica histológica convencional, hasta su inclusión en bloques de parafina. Los cortes histológicos se tiñeron con H-E, tricrómico de Masson y azul de toluidina. En tráquea, bronquiolos y pulmón de las ratas de los grupos I y II se observó una histología normal. En la tráquea de los grupos III, IV y V se identificaron áreas variables de hiperplasia en el epitelio, zonas desprovistas de cilios, signos de aumento en la secreción de las células caliciformes y áreas desprovistas de epitelio que se incrementaron con el tiempo. En la lámina propia se observó congestión vascular e infiltrado mononuclear que incrementó con el tiempo. En los bronquiolos de los grupos III y IV se observó activación de las células de Clara, áreas desprovistas de epitelio, y células mononucleares en la luz bronquiolar. En el grupo V se observaron características histológicas normales. En pulmón de los grupos III y IV se identificó engrosamiento de tabiques alveolares, incremento de las fibras de colágena, congestión y extravasación capilar, además de exudado intralveolar. En el grupo V se observó aparente reversión de algunas alteraciones morfológicas de los grupos previos, aunque otras alteraciones persisten. No se observaron diferencias en el número de las células cebadas.
Petiveria alliacea, is known with different names depending of the place where it is found. Studies with leaves, stem, root or extracts, describe multiple medicinal uses. However, there are few reports that describe toxic effects. This study assessed the morphologic effect induced by steams of the root of P. alliacea on the respiratory tract of Wistar rats. We used 15 rats divided in 5 groups (n= 3): absolute control, 0, 5, 15 and 30 minutes post-exposure (I-V groups, respectively). The rats were sacrificed; representative samples of the respiratory tract were collected, and were processed by conventional histological technique until their inclusion in paraffin blocks. Histological sections were stained with H & E, Masson trichrome and toluidine blue stain. A normal histology was observed in trachea, bronchioles and lungs of rats in groups I and II. In trachea in groups III, IV and V, areas with variable hyperplasia in the epithelium, cells without cilia, increase in the secretion of goblet cells, and areas without epithelium were observed. These morphologic alterations were increased with time. In the lamina propia vascular congestion and mononuclear infiltrate were observed, also increasing with time. In bronchioles in groups III and IV, it was noted activation of Clara cells, areas without epithelium, and mononuclear cells in the bronchiolar light. In group V normal histology was observed. In lung in groups III and IV thickening of interalveolar septa, increase of collagen fibers, capillary congestion, extravasation, and exudates were present. Also was observed an apparent reversion of morphologic alterations of previous groups, but other alterations persist. No difference in mast cells number was observed.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Sistema Respiratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Phytolaccaceae , Vapor , Petiveria tetrandra , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The lunula is the visible portion of the distal nail matrix that extends beyond the proximal nail fold. It has a primary structural role in defining the free edge of the distal nail plate. The size of the lunula is variable not only among persons, but also for each digit in the same person. Alterations in the morphologic features or color of the lunula can be an indication of either a cutaneous or a systemic disorder. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the size, visible pattern and morphologic alterations of lunula of fingernails according to age and sex in dermatologic patients. METHODS: During a 6-month-period from Jan to Jun, 2001, we examined the size, pattern and morphologic alterations of lunula of fingernails according to age and sex in 420 dermatologic patients visiting Hanyang University Hospital. Anolunula and lunular dyschromia were also evaluated in association with cutaneous and systemic disorders. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 1. Fingernail lunula was observed in highest frequency on thumbnail in both sexes. Lunulae of all fingers showed increased tendency of frequency with age until 50-59-year-old group in male and until 40-49-year-old group in female. 2. In both sexes, thumbnail had the longest length of lunula, followed by index, middle, ring and little fingernail. The length of lunulae of all fingers showed a tendency to increase with age until 50-59-year-old group. With the exception of both thumb and littlel fingers, male had the longer lunulae than female(p<0.05). 3. In both sexes, thumbnail had the widest width of lunulae, followed by middle, index, ring and little fingernail. And the width of lunulae of all fingers showed a tendency to increase with age. With the exception of left little finger, male had the wider lunulae than female(p<0.05). 4. In male, R(L)1 type was the most common observed pattern of lunula for 0-9-year-old group. Thereafter R(L)12345 and R(L)1234 types comprised more than half cases. In female, R(L)1 type was the most common pattern until 10-19-year-old group. Thereafter R(L)12345 and R(L)1234 types comprised more than half cases as male. 5. Anolunula was observed in 14(3.3%) of 420 study patients and associated with several cutaneous and/or systemic disorders including brachyonychia, alopecia areata, renal failure and chronic alcoholism. 6. Lunular dyschromia in confluent/spotted form or in longitudinal band were observed in 13(13.1%) of 420 study patients and associated with several cutaneous and/or systemic disorders including diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and iron deficiency anemia.