Factors affecting the motivation for weight self-management among pregnant women / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the motivation for weight self-management and analyze its influencing factors among pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into body weight management during pregnancy. @*Methods@#Pregnant women at ages of 18 years and older that underwent prenatal examinations in a tertiary hospital in Hohhot City from January to March, 2022 were sampled using a convenience sampling method. Subjects' age, height, weight, occupation, residence, monthly household income, history of gestation and childbirth and gestational period were collected, and the motivation for weight self-management was evaluated among pregnant women using a pregnancy weight management protein motivation scale. The factors affecting the motivation for weight self-management were identified among pregnant women using a multivariable linear regression model. @*Results@#Totally 969 pregnant women were recruited, including 841 women at ages of <35 years (86.79%), 780 women with an educational level of diploma and above (80.50%), 794 women living in urban areas (81.94%), 729 primiparas (75.23%), 421 women in the third trimester of gestation (43.45%) and 758 women with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of <25 kg/m2 (78.22%). The mean score of motivation for weight self-management was 127.53±14.60 among the pregnant women. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that an educational level of high school and below (β′=-0.201), unemployed/self-employed individuals (β′=-0.077), living in rural areas (β′=-0.059), monthly household income of <10 000 yuan (<5 000 yuan, β′=-0.238; 5 000 to 10 000 yuan, β′=-0.169), in the third trimester of gestation (β′=-0.135), pre-pregnancy BMI of 25 kg/m2 and higher (β′=-0.214) and reduced the motivation for weight self-management among pregnant women.@*Conclusion@#The motivation for weight self-management correlates with gestational period, pre-pregnancy BMI, residence, occupation, educational level and monthly household income among pregnant women.

Factors that contributing to the intention of blood donation: An application of the protection motivation theory / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the factors influencing individual′s intention to donate blood, so as to provide targeted recruiting strategies for blood collection agencies. 【Methods】 Since behaviors can be changed by threat appraisal and coping appraisal in terms of protection motivation theory(PMT), a questionnaire including risk of health, fear, safety risk, policy risk, reaction acceptance, knowledge concerning donation, donation reward, self-efficiency, and donation intention was composed. Blood donors, their companions and pass-by respondents at one street donation site in the urban area of Beijing were selected through convenience sampling from April to August 2019. 【Results】 732 out of 800 questionnaires were valid, and the score of blood donation intention was 4.238±0.744. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the blood donation intention of men was significantly higher than that of women (P<0.05). Multivariate regression suggested that the most effective factor was self-efficacy (P<0.05) and knowledge concerning donation (P<0.05). The intention to donate blood was discouraged by safety risk (P<0.05) and fear (P<0.05). Compared with those without blood donation experiences, the fear of first-time blood donors could reduce the intention to donate blood in the future (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Measures to improve individual′s self-efficacy, popularize knowledge concerning blood donation, and reduce, the fear of blood donation are beneficial to improve the intention of blood donation and promote the development of voluntary blood donation.

Study on the Medication Compliance of Children with Tic Disorder Based on the Theory of Protective Motivation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the current status and influencing factors of medication compliance in children with tic disorder（TD），and to provide reference for improving medication compliance in TD children. METHODS：The questionnaire was designed according to the protection motivation theory. The cross-sectional study was adopted to conduct questionnaire survey among TD children in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University from Jan. 2018 to Dec. 2019. The structural equation model was established according to the theoretical assumptions，and the maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the model；multiple linear regression analysis was carried out for the factors with significant influence in the single factor analysis，and path analysis and intermediary effect test were carried out. RESULTS：A total of 317 patients with TD were included，the mean age was（8.38±2.54）years，and the mean course of disease was（3.19±2.46）years. Average medication compliance scores was （5.70±1.69），among which 15.1％ was low compliance，37.5％ moderate compliance，and 47.3％ high compliance. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that comorbidities（β＝0.124，SE＝0.167，P＝0.011），education level of the main guardian（β＝ 0.236，SE＝0.110，P＜0.001），quality of life（β＝0.399，SE＝0.112，P＜0.001）and the types of drugs taken（β＝0.166，SE＝ 0.047，P＝0.001）were the factors affecting medication compliance of children with TD. Structural equation model analysis showed that severity（β＝0.295，95％CI：0.103-0.493），external return（β＝0.830，95％CI：0.662-1.002），self-efficacy（β＝0.200，95％CI： 0.057-0.353），susceptibility（β＝0.220，95％CI：0.084-0.352）and quality of life（β＝0.353，95％CI：0.211-0.500）had a direct positive impact on medication compliance. Quality of life mediated between external returns and compliance variables（intermediary effect accounted for 13.9％ of the total effect value）. CONCLUSIONS：Children with TD have low medication compliance. It is recommended that pediatricians in medical institutions at all levels to manage the medication compliance of patients with TD from the severity，susceptibility，external returns and self-efficacy，so as to improve patients and guardians’awareness of the severity and susceptibility of disease and medication non-adherence，weaken external returns and increase self-efficacy，and ultimately improve medication compliance of patients

Effect of health management based on protection motivation theory on the outcome of stroke patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of health management based on the theory of protection motivation on fatigue status, neurological function recovery and life ability of stroke patients, and evaluate its clinical effects.@*Methods@#A total of 120 stroke patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as subjects. Randomized digital table method was used to divided them into observation group and control group, 60 cases in each group; the control group underwent routine nursing and follow-up of neurology, and the observation group was given health management based on protection motivation theory on the basis of the control group. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to assess the patient's fatigue, the European Stroke Scale (ESS) was used to evaluate the patient's neurological function, the modified Barthel index was used to assess the patient's viability. The fatigue, neurological recovery, and changes in living ability were compared between the two groups before and after the nursing intervention.@*Results@#The Scores of FSS, MBI and ESS of the observation group were 45.34±8.84, 54.3±4.69 and 45.24±4.18 before intervention and 32.48±5.80, 75.50±4.93, 63.12±3.32 after intervention. The Scores of FSS, MBI and ESS of the control group was 44.97±8.47, 53.47±4.20, 43.48±5.67 before intervention and 39.59±7.43, 63.81±3.25, 55.32±3.48 after intervention. The difference after intervention between the two groups was statistically significant (t values were 15.335, 12.562, 5.843, P<0.01). The difference in the observation group before and after intervention was statistically significant (t values were 9.422, 24.133, 25.945, P<0.01). The differences in the control group before and after intervention was statistically significant (t values were 3.699, 15.082, 13.786, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Health management based on the theory of protection motivation is more effective than routine nursing to improve the fatigue, neurological function and life ability of stroke patients.

Predicting vitamin E and C consumption intentions and behaviors among factory workers based on protection motivation theory

BACKGROUND@#Study of antioxidant vitamin consumption behavior, especially in high-risk groups with high exposure to toxic metals to reduce metal toxicity, is emphasized. This study aims to examine the structural relationships between knowledge, protection motivation theory constructs, and vitamin E and C consumption behavior among cement factory workers.@*METHODS@#Protection motivation theory and food frequency questionnaires were completed by 420 factory workers. Data were subjected to structural equation modeling to examine associations between knowledge, protection motivation theory constructs, and vitamin E and C consumption behavior. Efficacy of current recommended models was also explored.@*RESULTS@#Structural equation modeling showed high explained variance within the constructs of protection motivation theory for vitamin E and C consumption behavior and intention (56-76%). The overall fit of the structural models was acceptable for both vitamin E and C behavior. Knowledge, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and perceived vulnerability predicted intention, which in turn predicted vitamin consumption behavior. Significant relationships between knowledge and self-efficacy, response efficacy, perceived vulnerability, and perceived severity were also found, while self-efficacy and response efficacy showed significant relationships with vitamin E and C consumption behavior.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Considering that response efficacy, self-efficacy, and intention showed as strong predictors of vitamin E and C consumption behavior, specific attention should be paid to coping appraisals and intention when designing intervention plans. Additionally, establishing the predicting role of knowledge for protection motivation theory constructs and protective behaviors should be integrated into intervention programs.

Predictors of Iranian women’s intention to first papanicolaou test practice: An application of protection motivation theory.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Given the importance of papanicolaou (Pap) test in the early detection and timely treatment of cervical cancer, present study was designed to determine predictors of a sample of Iranian women’s intention to first Pap test practice based on the protection motivation theory (PMT) variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross‑sectional study, a total of 240 women referral to the 30 primary health care clinics were selected. They completed a developed scale based on PMT variables including intention, perceived vulnerability and severity, fear, response costs, response efficacy and self‑efficacy. Path analysis was used to determine the association between predictive factors and intention. RESULTS: The results showed that PMT had goodness of fit with a χ2/df = 2.37, df = 28, P = 0.001 and RMSEA = 0.076. PMT explained 42% of the variance in women’s intention to get first Pap smear test. Self‑efficacy (b = 0.55, P < 0.001) and response efficacy (b = 0.19, P < 0.001) were found to be the predictors of intention. CONCLUSION: These findings may be used to develop tailored, theory‑based educational interventions associated with Pap testing among women.

"Changes of the usage of""motivation"" and related concepts within Chinese literature of human resources for health" / 中国卫生政策研究

After introduction into Chinese academy, and in the application in health care domain, the usage ofmotivation and related concepts has been changed. The changes were partly due to pragmatic utility, and caused confusion in the application of motivation theory in Chinese human resource for health. Both English and Chinese lit-erature was reviewed and systematic literature review was applied. We analyzed the different definitions of motiva-tion in English, and how they were used and understand in Chinese academia in history. Motivation was divided into three Chinese concepts, representing the process of motivation, inner driver of motivation and psychological state of being motivated. The other usage changes include willful exchange ofincentive andmotivation;motivationbeing used more as a means to motivate than a motivational process;the result of motivation as an aroused psychologi-cal state not seriously defined. Systematic literature review revealed the distribution of various motivation topics in Chinese literature and supported the abovementioned arguments. These changes of usage could cause barriers to re-search of human resource for health in China. It is recommended that usage ofmotivation should be clarified in ac-ademia in China and the process of motivation rather than motivation as a managerial means deserves more attention.

Effect of protection motivation theory on the self-nursing ability of high-risk diabetic foot patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the influence of the protection motivation theory (PMT) on the self-nursing ability of high-risk diabetic foot (DF) patients. Methods The outpatients in our hospital were selected with high-risk DF between January 2013 and May 2014, randomly divided into the control group and PMT group, 52 cases in each group. Guided under the protection motivation theory, PMT group received a six-month health education and management; and the control group accepted conventional health education of diabetes. Before and after the intervention, some observation indexes of the two groups respectively were evaluated including the ability of diabetic foot self-nursing, foot condition, fasting blood sugar, 2 h postprandial blood glucose. Result After six months, the scores of the self-care ability of diabetic foot and foot condition from the patients of PMT group were higher than that of PMT group before the intervention and that of control group after intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion PMT can help patients with high-risk DF enhance their foot self-care ability, improve their foot condition, control their blood sugar, and prevent the DF onset.

Application of health education intervention based on protection motivation theory in community female patients with stress urinary incontinence / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To apply the health education intervention based on protection motivation theory in community female patients with stress urinary incontinence,in order to establish a health behavior and to control urinary incontinence.Methods 96 female patients with stress urinary incontinence were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group by random number table method,the control group received routine health education,the experimental group received health education based on protection motivation theory.The ICI-Q-SF score,pelvic muscle exercise compliance scale score,urinary incontinence coping efficacy score were compared between the control group and the experimental group.Results The ICI-Q-SF score of the experimental group after the intervention was 5.43 ± 1.77,which was significant lower than that in the control group,7.96±2.98,t=4.88,P＜0.01.The urinary incontinence coping efficacy scores of experiment groups after the intervention was 17.63±1.85,which was higher than that in the control group,13.49±2.46,t=-9.09,P＜0.01.There were 29 cases accounted for 63.04％ with good compliance and 17 cases accounted for 36.96％ with poor compliance in experimental group after intervention,14 cases accounted for 31.11％ with good compliance and 31 cases accounted for 68.89％ with poor compliance in control group after intervention,the difference was statistically significant,x2=9.306,P＜0.05.Conclusions Health education based on protection motivation theory can promote the coping efficacy and health behavior of community female patients with stress urinary incontinence and can effectively control urinary incontinence symptom.