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1.
Herald of Medicine ; (12): 607-613, 2024.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1023756

RESUMO

Objective To analyze the influence of different processing methods,including frying,ginger frying,and salt frying,on the volatile components of A.fructus.Methods The volatile components in different processed products of A.fructus were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)based on multivariate statistical analysis.After OPLS-DA analysis,the different components were screened under the conditions of VIP>1.5 and P<0.05 and were qualitatively searched using the NIST 11 spectral library.Results A total of 49 different components were identified,with 14 components only changing in the seed mass and 22 components changing in the peel.The content of camphor could be significantly reduced in the seed mass after A.fructus was processed and the content of bornyl acetate significantly increased in the peel of frying A.fructus.Salt frying had a great influence on the alkanes in A.fructus,and ginger processing did not only increase the volatile components in ginger,which reflected the complexity of the processing mechanism.Conclusion At present,the specific processing mechanism is not clear,but the experimental results provide theoretical data for the "detoxification and efficiency enhancement" effect of A.fructus processing,reflecting the scientific nature of the processing,enriching the processing theory of A.fructus,and providing a reference for further in-depth research on the activity of different processed products of A.fructus.

2.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2013 Jun; 50(3): 177-185
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147300

RESUMO

The degeneracy of the genetic code allows for multiple codons to encode the same amino acid. However, alternative codons and amino acids are used unevenly among genes, a phenomenon termed codon-usage bias. Genes regulating amino acid biosynthesis of Salinibacter ruber, an extremely halophilic bacterium were studied in order to determine the synonymous codon usage patterns. Factors responsible for codon usage variation among the genes were investigated using codon usage indices and multi-variate statistical approach. Overall codon usage data analysis indicated that codons ending in G and/or C were predominant among the genes. Multi-variate statistical analysis showed that there was a single major trend in the codon usage variation among the genes, which had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.93, P<0.01) with (G + C) content of the genes. Further, correlation analysis indicated that genes with higher expression level and showing a greater degree of codon usage bias were GC-rich and preferred codons with C or G nucleotides at the third position. A set of thirteen codons were identified through Chi-square test as optimal codons, which were preferred in highly expressed genes. It could be concluded that mutational bias had a profound effect on codon usage pattern. In addition, translational selections also operated with a proper balance, making the genes translationally more efficient. The frequency of these codons appeared to be correlated with the level of gene expression and might be a useful indicator in the case of genes (or open-reading-frames) whose expression levels are unknown.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos/biossíntese , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Halobacteriales/metabolismo , Mutação , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia
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