Novel Microglia-based Therapeutic Approaches to Neurodegenerative Disorders / 神经科学通报·英文版

As prominent immune cells in the central nervous system, microglia constantly monitor the environment and provide neuronal protection, which are important functions for maintaining brain homeostasis. In the diseased brain, microglia are crucial mediators of neuroinflammation that regulates a broad spectrum of cellular responses. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the multifunctional contributions of microglia to homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegeneration. We further provide a comprehensive overview of therapeutic interventions targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, we propose microglial depletion and subsequent repopulation as promising replacement therapy. Although microglial replacement therapy is still in its infancy, it will likely be a trend in the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases due to its versatility and selectivity.

Comparison of different immobilization methods in breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To compare and analyze the differences in the setup accuracy of different immobilization method in breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery from January to August, 2021. These patients were divided into two groups. One group consisted of 30 cases who were immobilized using a modified body thermoplastic membrane combined with a multifunction body board during the breast cancer radiotherapy and was called the modified body thermoplastic membrane group. The other group comprised 30 cases immobilized using a vacuum cushion during breast cancer radiotherapy and was referred to as the vacuum cushion group. The setup errors, 3D vector errors, the proportion of errors of > 5 mm, and the dosimetric differences in the planning target volume (PTV) and the clinical target volume (CTV) before and after simulated treatment bed moving (including the PTV_ V100, PTV_ V95, and CTV_ V95 before simulated treatment bed moving and the PTV_ V100 S, PTV_ V95 S, and CTV_ V95 S after simulated treatment bed moving) were compared between two groups. Moreover, for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group, the changes in the average setup errors at different radiotherapy stages were also analyzed. Results:A total of 369 cone-beam CT scans were conducted for 60 patients, including 195 CT scans for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group and 174 CT scans for the vacuum cushion group. The setup errors in the x, y, and z directions (right-left, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior, respectively) of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group were (2.59±1.98) mm, (2.38±2.04) mm, and (1.45±1.16) mm, respectively, while those of the other group were (2.24±1.63) mm, (2.78±2.17) mm, and (2.70±1.88) mm, respectively. The 3D vector errors of both groups were (4.32±2.28) mm and (5.13±2.14) mm, respectively. Therefore, the setup error in direction z and the 3D vector error of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group were less than those of the vacuum cushion group ( t = -7.77, -3.41, P<0.05). Moreover, the proportion of setup errors of > 5 mm in the x direction of the vacuum cushion group was lower than that of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group ( χ2 = 7.13, P<0.05), while such proportion in the z direction of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group was lower than that of the vacuum cushion group ( χ2= 5.90, P<0.05). After the simulated treatment bed moving, the PTV_ V100 S of the modified body thermoplastic membrane group was better than that of the vacuum cushion group ( t = 2.47, P < 0.05). Furthermore, for the modified body thermoplastic membrane group, the setup errors in the x direction in the first week were higher than those in the 2-3 weeks and 4-5 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The modified body thermoplastic membrane combined with a multifunction body board yield better immobilization effects than a vacuum cushion. However, it produces high setup errors in the x direction in the first week of the radiotherapy, to which special attention should be paid.

Effect of different types of microplate and loading volumes on the detection results of multi-function microplate reader / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different types of microplate and loading volumes on the detection results of multi-function microplate reader, and to optimize the analysis method. METHODS: A multi-function microplate reader was used to perform spectrum scanning on each of 5 detection holes of common and ultraviolet(UV) microplates, and the applicable detection wavelength range was those with light transmittance greater than 80.00%. The optical density measurement was carried out on each 12 detection holes of common and UV microplates at different wavelengths, then the matching of the detection holes was compared. Potassium permanganate was quantitatively analyzed by common microplate and UV microplate, while acetone was analyzed by UV microplate, and then detection limit, lower limit of quantitation(LLQ), accuracy and precision at different loading volumes and concentrations were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The shortest applicable analyzing wavelengths for common and UV microplates were(362±2) and(230±3) nm respectively, while the longest applicable analyzing wavelengths were both 1 000 nm. The light transmittance of UV microplate was higher than that of common microplate when the analyzing wavelengths were lower than 400 nm(P<0.01). The deviation and range of light transmittance of detection holes analyzed by UV microplates were smaller than that of common microplates when the analyzing wavelengths were 350-1 000 nm(P<0.05). The detection limit and LLQ of potassium permanganate by multi-function microplate reader was not associated with the types of microplate. The adding standard recoveries of potassium permanganate by UV microplate was higher than that by common microplate(P<0.05). The adding standard recoveries of potassium permanganate by loading volumes of 200 and 250 μL was lower than that by loading volumes of 150 μL(P<0.01), while adding standard recovery of acetone by loading volumes of 200 μL was lower than that by loading volumes of 150 μL(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: When using a multi-function microplate reader to detect chemicals, it is recommended to use UV microplate with wavelengths at the range of 230-1 000 nm, and loading volumes of 200-250 μL.

A multifunction glasses in the recovery term of cycloplegia and its primary application / 中国医学装备

Objective:To design functionality glasses in order to solve or alleviate various visual disorder during cycloplegia.Methods:Based on the principle of the polarizing lens and pinhole lens, the glasses frame was combine with them so as to be suitable for the recovery of cycloplegia and for the usage in near and distant vision situation.Results: This glasses has a series of advantages including small size, light weight, convenience and beauty. Through the combination of different lenses, the symptom of visual unclear during cycloplegia wasimproved, and the symptom of glare and squint in distant vision also was improved. Besides, the symptom that adjustment of near vision couldn't be activated was improved, and near vision blurry leaded by peripheral aberration coming from mydriasis also was improved. On the other hand, this device was easy and simple on combination and was convenient on usage.Conclusion: This design contributes to correct refractive error, and enhance the definition of near or distant vision. And it is suitable for various situation of usage including near, distant, indoor and outdoor.

Clinical application of two kinds of connecting tubes in hemodialysis combined with perfusion / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of two different connecting tubes in hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion. Methods A total of 25 patients were selected and divided into observation group and control group by self- control method. In the observation group, the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion was used 8 times, and the control group was treated with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion 8 times using conventional connecting tube. The time of the unloading of the perfusate and the amount of physiological saline required were compared between the two groups. There was no blood spillover during the unloading of the perfusate, the number of cases of allergic reaction during the treatment, and the coagulation of the dialyzer and the pipeline after the treatment. Results There was no allergic reaction in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of saline needed to return blood (t=46.412, P=0.307). In the control group, there was 15 cases of blood spillover, while the observation group did not show blood spillover. There was significant difference between the two groups in unloading perfusion time(4.43±0.14)min vs. (3.02±0.11) min (t=10.784, P=0.003). The level Ⅰ and Ⅱ blood coagulation of dialyzer and pipeline was 12, 2 cases in the control group after the treatment and 5, 0 case in the observation group, no level Ⅲ blood coagulation cases, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=10.667, P<0.01). Conclusion In the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion therapy, multi-function group of the application effect is superior to conventional piping, is worthy of clinical application.

Development of multifunctional medical flowmeter / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To fulfill the precise control of the liquid flow by a multifunctional medical flowmeter. Methods The flowmeter had a separated structure, and was composed of a liquid pipeline unit and a flow control unit. The flow control unit apprehended a velocity of liquid level changes in the sterile pipeline by ultrasonic sensing technique, and regulated fluid speed by a SCM-controlled electromagnetic valve. Results The requirements for sterile environment were fulfilled by the sterile liquid pipeline, and the flow control unit realized precision control of flow rate and achieved the expected effect. Conclusion The flowmeter has simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and use, can greatly reduce the workload of the nursing staff and the possible health risks, and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Application of multi-function anti-reflux drainage connector in prevention from catheter-associated urinary infection / 中华护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of a self-designed multi-function anti-reflux drainage connector on preventing catheter-associated urinary infection in patients with long-term indwelling catheters.Methods A total of 100 elderly males with indwelling catheters from 10 nursing homes in our city were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n=50) and the experimental group (n=50) from January 2013 to December 2015.The patients in the control group were indwelled with Foley catheters and connected with an ordinary disposable drainage bags;the patients in the experimental group were indwelled the same catheters and connected to disposable drainage bags with an multi-function anti-reflux drainage connector.Patients' urine in catheters and drainage bags from two groups were collected for urine culture on 7th,14th,21st,28th days.The cases of catheter plugging on the 7th,14th,21st,28th days and the cases of catheter encrustation on 28th day in two groups were recorded.Results The cases of bacteriuria on the 7th,14th,21st,28th days in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and were also significantly less than those in the drainage bags in the same group (P＜0.05).The cases of catheter plugging on the 7th,14th,21st,28th days were not significantly different between two groups(P＞0.05).The cases of catheter encrustation on the 28th day in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Multi-function anti-reflux drainage connector can safely and effectively prevent catheter-associated urinary infection,reducing bacteria ascending with reflux of urine as well as catheter encrustation.

Design, synthesis and anti-Alzheimer′s disease activity of 5-akylaminomethyl substituted carbazole derivatives / 中国药科大学学报

@#A series of carbazole derivatives were designed and synthesized via the introduction of various substituents on the carbazole template and the nitrogen atom using 5-aminomethyl substituted carbazole as the lead compound. The inhibitory activity towards AChE/BChE and the neuroprotective effect against Aβ-induced toxicity were evaluated by Ellman and MTT assay, respectively. Furthermore, the SAR of the target compounds was discussed. Among all the target compounds, compound 8a showed dual inhibitory activity toward both AChE and BChE, and could effectively protect PC12 cells from Aβ-induced toxicity, indicating compound 8a could be considered as a promising candidate against Alzheimer′s disease.

Design and application of multifunction treatment beds in patients after intraocular retinal reattachment surgery / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the design and application of the multifunctional treatment beds on patients′ position compliance and comfort after intraocular retinal reattachment surgery. Methods Eighty-six patients needing special position nursing after intraocular retinal reattachment surgery were randomly divided into experiment and control groups. The former received the special multifunction treatment beds while normal ward beds were used for the control patients . The position compliance , comfort and the complications were observed one month after surgery. Result The position compliance and the degree of comfort in the experiment group were significantly better than those in the control group and the complication rate was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The special multifunction treatment beds can be effective in increasing the patients compliance in positions and compliance as well as reducing postoperative complications and increasing the operation success rate.

Observations on the Efficacy of Electroacupuncture plus a Multi-function Cervical Rehabilitation System in Treating Cervical Spondylosis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture plus a multi-function cervical rehabilitation system in treating cervical spondylosis.Methods Sixty patients with cervical spondylosis were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The treatment group received electroacupuncture plus treatment with a multi-function cervical rehabilitation system and the control group, electroacupuncture alone. After 30 days of treatment, changes in the pain score, the neck disability index, and cervical active range of motion and isometric muscle strength were observed in the two groups and the clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results The total efficacy rate was 96.7% in the treatment group and 93.3% in the control group; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the pain score, the neck disability index, and cervical active range of motion and isometric muscle strength in the two groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the neck disability index, and cervical active range of motion and isometric muscle strength between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Electroacupuncture plus a multi-function cervical rehabilitation system is an effective way to treat cervical spondylosis. It can relieve the clinical symptoms in the patients.

Manufacture and experimental study of the categorizing pedestal of multi-function apparatus in the supply room / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To control the nosocomial infection and avoid the second pollution of thereclaimed medical apparatus to the washing area of supply room. Methods Count, classification and place of the reclaimed medical apparatus went along at the same self-designed categorizing pedestal of the muhi-function apparatus.No absorbing cloth was needed on the table-board, the dirty water flew into the outfall of the sewer directly and automatically, the discreteness could be unpicked, washed and lis-terized after work. Results It avoided the collision of the apparatuses, shortened the time of counting effectively and reduced the chance of pollution.It also avoided the waste of the manpower, the material resources, the time and the second environmental pollution. The effects of the two table-boards after disinfection had statistical difference (P＜0.01). Conclusions The categorizing pedestal of the mul-ti-function apparatus makes the reclaim and handling of the polluted apparatus more standard and to re-move the pollution more thoroughly.

Multifunctional infusion kit for wartime and peacetime use / 医疗卫生装备

The multifunctional infusion kit for wartime and peacetime use contains conventional drugs for first-aid and infusion. With this kit, such performances can be fulfilled as infusion, anti-shock, hemospasia, emergency sputum aspiration and early administration for CPR.