Metástasis muscular de adenocarcinoma gástrico: A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Skeletal Muscle Metastasis from Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Resumen Los pacientes diagnosticados de adenocarcinoma gástrico pueden desarrollar metástasis hepáticas o carcinomatosis peritoneal, pero la presencia de metástasis musculares es extremadamente infrecuente, con muy pocos casos descritos. Presentamos a una paciente de 44 años con una tumoración dolorosa en miembro superior izquierdo. Fue tratada un año antes de un adenocarcinoma gástrico con cirugía y quimioterapia. Mediante pruebas de imagen y biopsia, se le diagnosticó metástasis muscular única de adenocarcinoma gástrico, siendo intervenida realizando exéresis quirúrgica.

Abstract Patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma may develop liver metastases or peritoneal carcinomatosis, but the presence of muscle metastases is extremely rare, with very few cases reported. We present a 44-year-old female patient with a painful tumor in her left upper limb. She was treated with surgery and chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma a year before. By imaging tests and biopsy, she was diagnosed with a single muscle metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma and underwent surgical exeresis.

Metástasis muscular. Presentación de un carcinoma renal / Muscle metastasis as presentation of kidney cancer / Metástase muscular. Relato de caso de carcinoma renal

Resumen: Introducción: el cáncer de riñón frecuentemente se presenta con metástasis sincrónicas. Son excepcionales los casos comunicados en la literatura donde el diagnóstico de la enfermedad surge a partir de una metástasis muscular. Objetivo: el objetivo del trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de metástasis en músculo deltoides izquierdo como primera manifestación de un carcinoma de células claras de riñón. Caso clínico: paciente de 76 años, sexo masculino, que se operó con diagnóstico de tumoración de región delitoidea izquierda cuyo estudio anatomopatológico informó una metástasis muscular de un carcinoma renal de células claras. Se realizó una tomografía axial computarizada que evidenció una tumoración renal derecha, por lo cual se realizó una nefrectomía que confirmó el diagnóstico del tumor primario. Discusión: el diagnóstico de metástasis muscular de un carcinoma de células claras de riñón, cuando es la primera manifestación de la enfermedad, habitualmente se realiza con el estudio de la pieza de resección quirúrgica o bien a través de una biopsia. Si bien el tratamiento de la metástasis en general es paliativo, el control local de la enfermedad solo es posible cuando se realiza una resección quirúrgica con márgenes libres, ya que otros tratamientos oncológicos no han demostrado ser eficaces.

Summary: Introduction: most kidney cancer patients present with synchronous metastatic disease. A review of the literature reveals cases where the diagnosis is based on muscle metastasis are exceptional. Objective: the study aims to present the clinical case of metastasis to the left deltoid muscle as the initial presentation of renal cell carcinoma. Clinical case: 76 year old male patient who was operated upon diagnosis of tumour in the left deltoid region, the biopsy of which revealed muscle metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Computerized axial tomography evidenced a tumorous formation in the right kidney. The patient underwent right-sided nephrectomy that confirmed the primary tumour diagnosis. Discussion: diagnosis of muscle metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, being it the initial presentation of the disease, is often done by analysing the surgical resection piece or by means of a biopsy. Despite treatment of metastasis is usually palliative, local control of the disease is only possible when tumour-free margins surgical resection is done, since other oncologic treatments have not proved effective.

Resumo: Introdução: o câncer renal frequentemente se apresenta com metástases sincrônicas. São excepcionais os casos relatados na literatura em que o diagnóstico da doença decorre de uma metástase muscular. Objetivo: o objetivo do trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de metástase no músculo deltóide esquerdo como primeira manifestação de um carcinoma de células claras do rim. Caso clínico: paciente do sexo masculino, 76 anos, submetido à cirurgia com diagnóstico de tumor na região do deltóide esquerdo, cujo estudo anatomopatológico relatou metástase muscular de carcinoma renal de células claras. Foi realizada tomografia axial computadorizada que revelou tumor renal direito, sendo realizada nefrectomia que confirmou o diagnóstico do tumor primário. Discussão: o diagnóstico da metástase muscular do carcinoma de células claras do rim, quando é a primeira manifestação da doença, geralmente é feito com o estudo da peça de ressecção cirúrgica ou por meio de biópsia. Embora o tratamento das metástases em geral seja paliativo, o controle local da doença só é possível quando a ressecção cirúrgica é realizada com margens livres de patologia, uma vez que outros tratamentos oncológicos não têm se mostrado eficazes.

Two Cases of Extraocular Muscle Enlargement Caused by Metastatic Cancer

PURPOSE: To report two cases of extraocular muscle enlargement due to malignant cancer metastasis. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old woman presented with horizontal diplopia first noted 1 month earlier. She had a history of small cell lung cancer with brain and bone metastases. She had a -3 abduction deficit in the right eye and esotropia. The forced duction test showed no limitation in horizontal movement. Antibody tests for thyroid disease showed normal results. Brain magnetic resonance image showed multiple nodular enlargements of the right lateral and medial rectus muscles, al so multiple metastatic nodules in the brain. A 38-year-old woman presented with horizontal diplopia first noted 3 months previously. She had undergone breast cancer surgery 6 months earlier. The patient had a -4 abduction deficit in the left eye and esotropia. The forced duction test showed no limitation in horizontal movement. Antibody tests for thyroid disease showed normal results. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed nodular enlargement of left lateral rectus muscle including a tendon. CONCLUSIONS: Extraocular muscle metastasis is a possible cause of extraocular enlargement and paralytic strabismus. In a patient with malignant cancer, the physician should consider the possibility of extraocular muscle metastasis and perform imaging for early diagnosis and treatment.

Bilateral Extraocular Muscle Metastasis of Nasal Rhabdomyosarcoma Mimicking a Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy: A Case Report

Metastases to the orbit usually affect the intraorbital fat and bone than the extraocular muscles. Metastasis to the extracoular muscles commonly occurs unilaterally, and diffuse enlargement of the bilateral extraocular muscles due to metastasis is extremely rare. In this report, we will describe a case of diffuse metastasis to the bilateral extraocular muscles from nasal rhabdomyosarcoma masquerading as thyroid associated orbitopathy. We will also discuss about the MR imaging findings helpful for differential diagnosis from thyroid associated orbitopathy.