Neuromuscular and physiological responses to different training loads in Randori of elite judo athletes

Abstract Aim: To compare two different randori structure (high volume and short pauses - TRAD training vs low volume with long pauses - COMP training) in the neuromuscular and metabolic responses of elite judo athletes. Methods: The first situation (TRAD) consisted of 12 randoris of 5 minutes with 45 seconds rest, and the other situation (COMP), consisted of 6 randoris of 5 minutes with 10 minutes between them. Physiological (Blood Lactate and Creatine Kinase), neuromuscular (Countermovement Jump and Medicine Ball Throws) and perceptive variables (Rating Perceived Exertion) were measured before and at the end of the sessions. Results: The subjective perception of effort at the end of the training was significantly higher in the TRAD training type (TRADpost: 8.1 ± 0.9 AU; COMPpost: 6.6 ± 1.5 AU, p <0.001). Blood lactate concentration (TRADpost: 6.4 ± 2.2 mmol/L; COMPpost: 8.1 ± 2.9 mmol/L; p <0.001), CMJ height (TRADpost: 36.2 ± 4.6 cm; COMPpost: 35.9 ± 4.3 cm, p = 0.012) and upper limb power performance (TRADpost: 6.4 ± 0.9 m; COMPpost: 6.3 ± 0.9 m p = 0.03) were significantly higher at the end of the two training sessions compared to their start, but there are no group effect. There is group effect in CK (TRADpost: 490.7 ± 273.5 U/L; COMPpost: 357.4 ± 203.8 U/L; p <0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TRAD and COMP Judo training induced similar physical demands, and both seem to not be enough to reach higher intensities, which made them distant methods of competitive reality.

Influência do Aquecimento no Desempenho do Teste de Salto Horizontal em Jovens Adultos / Influence of Warm-up on Horizontal Jump Test Performance in Young Adults

É comum tanto os praticantes recreacionais como atletas de alto rendimento realizarem atividades preparatórias antes de um exercício físico alvo, como uma forma de prevenir lesões. Contudo, o efeito do aquecimento na melhora do rendimento em atividades, que exijam força e potência, é questionável. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a influência de dois testes físicos para potência muscular, utilizados como atividades preparatórias, na melhora da potência do teste de salto horizontal. Foram avaliados 51 indivíduos, fisicamente ativos e não obesos com média de idade de 22,1 ± 3,0 anos, acadêmicos do curso de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná ­ UENP. Como forma de aquecimento foram utilizados os testes de salto vertical e o Sprint de 50 metros. A potência foi avaliada pelo teste de salto horizontal. Os dados foram analisados pelo pacote estatístico GraphPad Prism 5.0, com índice de significância de p<0,05. Os dados obtidos não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os protocolos, demonstrando não haver influência na realização dos testes preparatórios com o desempenho na potência pelo salto horizontal. Conclui-se que a prática das atividades preparatórias propostas neste estudo não potencializou o aumento da potência muscular dos membros inferiores para realização do salto horizontal. (AU).

It is common for both recreational and high-performance athletes to perform preparatory activities prior to a targeted physical exercise as a way to prevent injury. However, the effects of warm-up on performance improvement in activities that require strength and power are questionable. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of two physical tests for muscular power, used as preparatory activities, to improve power in the horizontal jump test. Fifty-one physically active and non-obese individuals with a mean age of 22.1 ± 3.0 years were evaluated, students of the Physical Education course at the State University of Northern Paraná - UENP. Vertical jump tests and 50 meter Sprints were used as a form of warm-up. Power was evaluated by the horizontal jump test. Data were analyzed using the statistical package GraphPad Prism 5.0, with a significance index of p <0.05. The data obtained did not present significant differences among the protocols, demonstrating that there was no influence of preparatory tests performance on power performance in the horizontal jump. It is concluded that the practice of the preparatory activities proposed in this study did not increase the muscular power of the lower limbs for the horizontal jump. Key-words: Exercise; Muscular Power; Protocols. (AU).

Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes

La fuerza y la potencia muscular han sido valoradas en el contexto deportivo o de la salud, con el propósito de determinar su grado de desarrollo; sin embargo, la evidencia de la relación que pude existir entre ellas es escasa y contradictoria. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación entre diferentes manifestaciones de fuerza y de potencia muscular. 37 hombres y 13 mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 23 años, participaron en el estudio. Se evaluó, en miembros superiores e inferiores, la fuerza isométrica, dinámica y la potencia y se midió talla, peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de fuerza prensil (FP) de la mano derecha e izquierda (p<0,414). La potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS), se obtuvo con una carga del 4,0%. Se observaron buenas correlaciones (0,608**-0,869**), entre: FP y potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS) e inferiores (PMMI); fuerza máxima isométrica del tren inferior (FMII) y potencia media fase propulsiva en press pecho (PMPP); fuerza máxima en media sentadilla (1RMS) con fuerza máxima en press pecho (1RMP), potencia media fase propulsiva en media sentadilla (PMPS) y velocidad media propulsiva en press pecho (VMPP); RMP con PMPP, PMMS, PMMI y PMPS; PMMS con PMMI, PMPS y PMPP; PMMI, con PMPS y VMP en media sentadilla (VMPS); salto con contra movimiento (CMJ) con el salto sin contra movimiento SJ ; VMPS con PMPS; PMPSP con PMPP; PMMS con CMJ; VMPP con PMMS; y PMPP con CMJ.

Strength and muscular power have been evaluated in the sports or health context to determine their degree of development, however evidence of the relationship between these two muscular manifestations is limited and contradictory. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between different manifestations of strength and muscular power. Thirty-seven men and thirteen women aged between19 and 23 years participated in this study. We assessed the power and the isometric and dynamic strengthin upper and lower limbs; and size, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. No significant differences were identified between prehensile force (PF) values of left and right hand (p-value<0.414). The maximum power of upper limbs (PMMS) was obtained with a4.0% load. Good correlations were observed (0.608**-0.869**) between: PF and maximum power of upper limbs and lower limbs (PMMI); the maximum isometric force of the lower train (FMII) and the mean power propulsive phase in chest press (PMPP); the maximum force in half squat (1RMS) with maximum force in chest press (RMP), the mean power propulsive in half-squat (PMPS) and the mean propulsive velocity in the chest press (VMPP); the RMP with PMPP, PMMS, PMMI and PMPS; the PMMS with PMMI, PMPS and PMPP; the PMMI with PMPS and the VMP in half squat (VMPS); the counter movement jump (CMJ) with squat jump (SJ); the VMPS with PMPS; the PMPSP with PMPP; the PMMS with CMJ; the VMPP with PMMS; and finally, the PMPP with CMJ.

The Effects of Scapular Stabilization Exercise on the Muscular Functions and Pain Release of Shoulder Joints in Youth Baseball Players / 대한스포츠의학회지

We investigated the effect of scapular stabilization exercise on shoulder joints mobilization and pain release in youth baseball players. Total 15 youth baseball players were voluntarily participated, and randomly divided into one of two experimental groups: either stabilization exercise group (EXE, n=7) or control group (NonE, n=8). Stabilization exercises (i.e., punching, scapular retraction, scapular fold, shrug, pull over, seated press, scaption with retraction, body blade, rotator cuff) were administered to EXE (8 weeks, 3 times.wk(-1), 60-100 min.session(-1)). Muscular power using Biodex system 3, full range of motion (ROM) with a goniometer, and the degree of pain with the Visual Analogue Scale was assessed at both baseline and the time point of completion of 8 weeks training program. Twoway ANOVA (group vs. time) was adopted to observe any interactive effects between factors. The statistical significance level was set at alpha=.05. There was an improvement in muscular power at both slow (i.e., 60degrees/sec) and medium (i.e., 180degrees/sec) speed setting in isokinetic instrument during internal and external rotation on dominant shoulder, and internal rotation only (not with external rotation) on non-dominant shoulder. There was no change in ROM in NonE, but total ROM was significantly expanded in EXE, revealing only degree of internal rotation increased. VAS significantly decreased in EXE. In conclusion, scapular stabilization exercise exerted positive effect on muscular power output, full range of motion and pain release on shoulder joint in youth baseball players. This indicates that scapular stabilization exercise possibly exert meaningful effect in injury prevention and sport performance.

El trabajo de fuerza en el desarrollo de la potencia en futbolistas de las divisiones menores de un equipo profesional de fútbol / Strength work in the development of power in soccer players from the minor divisions of a professional soccer team

OBJETIVO: determinar en futbolistas si el entrenamiento de fuerza en un porcentaje alto (85por ciento) de una repetición máxima (1-RM), buscando el aumento en lafuerza máxima (FM), es más eficaz para mejorar la potencia muscular inmediata que un entrenamiento similar pero al 75por ciento de 1-RM. METODOLOGÍA: sesenta futbolistas de las divisiones inferiores del DIM divididos aleatoriamente en 2 grupos de 30 jugadores cada uno y se diseñaron los siguientes trabajos de fuerza: el grupo experimental realizó un entrenamiento bilateral e individual de fuerza para los extensores y flexores de la rodilla, consistente en 3 series de 5 repeticiones al 85por ciento de 1-RM, con 5 minutos de descanso entre una y otra serie, 2 veces por semana durante 12 semanas. El grupo control hizo un entrenamiento de fuerza para los mismos músculos, consistente en 3 series de 8 repeticiones al 75por ciento de 1-RM, con 5 minutos de descanso entre una y otra serie, 2 veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Al comienzo del estudio y a las 6 y 12 semanas se hicieron mediciones de fuerza máxima (1-RM) de los extensores y flexores de las rodillas y de la potencia muscular inmediata - velocidad en 20 metros, Squat Jump (SJ) y Countermovement Jump (CMJ). RESULTADOS: aunque los 60 jugadores completaron el entrenamiento de fuerza, sólo se analizaron los datos de 29 del grupo experimental y 27 del grupo control; de los 4 restantes, 2 salieron del equipo y 2 sufrieron lesiones no relacionadas con el entrenamiento. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos, en ninguna de las variables ni en ninguna de las 3 mediciones. En la mayoría de las variables - fuerza de los extensores de la rodilla derecha, fuerza de los extensores de la rodilla izquierda, fuerza de los flexores de la rodilla derecha, fuerza de los flexores de la rodilla izquierda, Squat Jump y Countermovement Jump - hubo incrementos estadísticamente significativos (p < 0.05) en cada grupo tanto a las 6 semanas como entrelas 6...