RESUMO
Mycobacterium mucogenicum is the one of rapidly growing mycobacteria identified in 1995; so far, only few cases have been reported that were associated with dialysis equipment or central venous catheter. Here we present a central catheter-related M. mucogenicum bloodstream infection in a 48-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia. She presented with fever and was empirically treated with ceftazidime and piperacillin. Since the fever resolved within 24 hours, she underwent bone marrow transplantation as scheduled. Four days before stem cell infusion, M. mucogenicum grew from the blood cultures that were drawn through a central venous catheter and from peripheral blood. The central venous catheter was removed and the cultured organism was identified to be M. mucogenicum by sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA. She was further treated for 8 weeks with cefoxitin and amikacin as the bacteria were confirmed to be susceptible by broth microdilution test. There has been no episode of recurrence during the 6-month follow-up.