Qualidade da declaração de idade nos dados de óbito do Censo demográfico brasileiro de 2010 / Quality of age statement in 2010 brazilian demographic Census death data

Resumo Introdução O debate em torno do quesito de óbito no Censo Demográfico brasileiro foi retomado pela proximidade do Censo Demográfico de 2020. Há certa vantagem em obter informações de óbito por meio do Censo, mas é importante garantir a qualidade dessa informação. Objetivo Analisar a qualidade da declaração de idade para os dados de óbito do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Método Foram utilizadas as informações acerca dos óbitos nos domicílios, coletadas no questionário do universo do Censo Demográfico de 2010 do IBGE. A análise foi realizada a partir dos índices de Whipple e Myers. Resultados Para o Brasil como um todo, os resultados observados atestam uma boa qualidade dos dados de declaração de idade dos óbitos. No entanto, quando é estratificada a análise ao âmbito de unidades federativas, algumas distorções foram verificadas, sobretudo nas unidades pertencentes às regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Conclusão O uso dos dados de mortalidade para as análises em âmbito macro, do país como um todo, não requer ajustes para adequar as qualidades das informações, assim como para as análises em termos das grandes regiões.

Abstract Background The debate on deaths in the Brazilian population census has been resumed by the proximity of the next 2020 census. There are some advantages in obtaining death information through the census, but it is important to ensure the quality of this information. Objective To analyze the quality of the age declaration for the 2010 demographic census death data. Method Information on household deaths collected from the 2010 IBGE demographic census questionnaire was used. The analysis was performed from the Whipple and Myers indices. Results For Brazil as a whole, the observed results attest to a good quality of the death declaration data. However, when the analysis at the state level is stratified, some distortions were found, especially in the North and Midwest areas. Conclusion The use of mortality data for macro-level analyzes of the country as a whole does not require adjustments to suit the quality of the information, as well as for analysis in terms of large regions.

Qualidade da informação da idade nos registros de óbito no Brasil, 1996-2015 / Quality of the information about age on the death registers in Brazil, 1996-2015 / Calidad de la información de la edad en los registros de óbito en Brasil, 1996-2015

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da declaração da idade nos registros de óbito no Brasil, de 1996 a 2015. Foi realizada uma análise por 'idade simples' dos microdados de óbitos no Brasil no período mencionado. A preferência por dígitos terminais 0 e 5 foi avaliada usando o índice de Whipple (IW). Já a preferência pelos dígitos terminais de 0 a 9 foi expressa usando o método de Myers (IM). A qualidade dos dados de idade foi alta no período [IWtot = 0,55 ­ 0,83 (masculino) e 0,71 ­ 0,93 (feminino); IM = 0,388 ­ 1,004 (masculino) e 0,430 ­ 1,589 (feminino)]. A qualidade da informação foi mais satisfatória entre homens e não houve tendência significativa a uma melhora, sugerindo sua estabilidade durante os 20 anos analisados. Foi encontrada preferência pelo dígito terminal 0 (zero) principalmente entre mulheres. Concluiu-se que os dados de óbito no Brasil, com relação à idade, são satisfatórios, podendo ser utilizados em análises demográficas e epidemiológicas.

This article presents the results of a research aimed at analyzing the quality of the information about the age on the death registers in Brazil, from 1996 to 2015. An analysis was performed by simple age of the deaths microdata in Brazil for that period. The preference for the last digits 0 and 5 was evaluated using the Whipple index (IW), while the preference for the last digits from 0 to 9 was expressed using the Myers (IM) method. The quality of the age data was high in the period [IWTtot = 0.55 - 0.83 (male) and 0.71 - 0.93 (female); IM = 0.388 - 1.004 (male) and 0.430 ­ 1.589 (female)]. The quality of the information was more satisfactory among men, and there was not a significant trend in the improvement suggesting stable quality during the 20 years analyzed. The preference was given to the last digit 0, mainly among women. It was concluded that data from death registers in Brazil regarding the age are satisfactory and can be used in demographic and epidemiological analyses.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar la calidad de la declaración de la edad en los registros de óbito en Brasil, desde 1996 hasta 2015. Se realizó el análisis por edad simple de los microdatos de óbitos en Brasil en el periodo mencionado. La preferencia por dígitos finales 0 y 5 fue evaluada usando el índice de Whipple (IW). La preferencia por los dígitos finales desde 0 hasta 9 fue expresada usando el método de Myers (IM). La calidad de los datos de edad fue alta en el período [(IWtot = 0,55 - 0,83 (masculino) y 0,71 - 0,93 (femenino), IM = 0,388 - 1,004 (masculino) y 0,430 - 1,589 (femenino)]. La calidad de la información fue más satisfactoria entre hombres y no hubo tendencia significativa en la mejora, sugiriendo estabilidad en la calidad en los 20 años analizados. Se encontró una preferencia por el dígito terminal 0 principalmente entre mujeres. Se concluye que los datos de óbito en Brasil con relación a la edad son satisfactorios y pueden ser utilizados en análisis demográficos y epidemiológicos.

ABPSE: Alineador de ADN Basado en Paralelismo a Nivel de Bit y la Estrategia Siembra y Extiende / ABPSE: DNA Aligner Based on Bit-level Parallelism and the Seed and Extend Strategy

Resumen La alineación de ADN es un proceso clave para la reconstrucción de genomas, a partir de los millones de lecturas cortas producidas por las máquinas de secuenciación paralela masiva. Tal proceso suele realizarse mediante algoritmos con elevada complejidad espacial y temporal, requiriendo varias horas para entregar los resultados, así como decenas de GB de RAM. Esto ha motivado la búsqueda de nuevos algoritmos y/o estrategias que permitan disminuir los tiempos de ejecución, mientras se utilizan recursos mínimos de memoria. En este artículo se presenta ABPSE, un nuevo alineador de ADN que combina el algoritmo de Ferragina y Manzini (o índices de FM) y el algoritmo de Myers, mediante la estrategia siembra y extiende. En la siembra, los índices de FM permiten calcular de manera rápida regiones con alta probabilidad de alineación; mientras que en la extensión, el algoritmo de Myers refina la alineación utilizando operaciones basadas en vectores de bits, calculando simultáneamente varias celdas de la matriz de programación dinámica. Los resultados muestran un 96.1% de lecturas alineadas correctamente, un factor de aceleración de 2.45x en relación a BWA-SW y un uso de memoria de apenas 7.6 GB, cuando se alinea el genoma humano completo.

Abstract DNA alignment is a key process in the assembly of genomes from the millions of short reads that are produced by massive parallel sequencing machines. Such a process is usually done by means of high spatial and temporal complexity algorithms, which takes hours to deliver the results as well as tens of GB of RAM. This has prompted the search for new algorithms and/or strategies that allow shorter runtimes, while using minimal memory footprint. In this article, we present ABPSE, a new DNA aligner that combines the Ferragina and Manzini algorithm (or FM indexes) and the Myers algorithm, by means of the seed and extend strategy. In the seeding, the FM indices allow a rapid calculation of the regions with high probability of alignment. In the extension, the Myers algorithm refines the alignment using operations based on bit vectors. It simultaneously calculates several cells of the dynamic programming matrix. The results show 96.1% of correctly aligned reads, an acceleration factor of 2.45x in relation to BWA-SW and a memory footprint of only 7.6 GB when aligning the entire human genome.

The relationship between non-cognitive student attributes and academic achievements in a flipped learning classroom of a pre-dental science course / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether non-cognitive student attributes such as learning style and personality type affected academic performance in a flipped learning classroom of a pre-dental undergraduate science course. METHODS: ‘Biodiversity and Global Environment,’ a 15-week, 3-credit course, was designed as a flipped class in Seoul National University School of Dentistry in 2017. Second-year pre-dental students were required to enroll in the course and to engage in online learning and in-class discussion. The Kolb's Learning Style Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator were conducted to measure non-cognitive student factors. Independent samples t-test and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between self-rated measurements and academic achievement. RESULTS: More than half of the students enrolled in the flipped science course had an assimilator learning style (50%), followed by convergers (24%), accommodators (16%), and divergers (10%), and their personality types were dominated by the introverted, sensing, thinking, and judging types, respectively. Examining group differences using the t-test demonstrated a significant relationship between the diverger group and higher academic success. In particular, the multivariate regression analysis indicated that both thinking types and female students performed better in discussion than feeling types and male students. CONCLUSION: To operate the flipped learning classroom more effectively in medical and dental education, the instructor should carefully develop and apply a more tailored facilitation and relevant assessment by considering student learning styles and personality types.

An investigation of the Filipino dental students' personality types

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: The Dentist Licensure Examination (DLE) is one of the most difficult pre-professional practice examinations in the Philippines. The personality type of a dental student can be a determining factor or a testfor-fit of the chosen college program, the DLE, and the eventual profession.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVES</strong>: This study aimed to document the personality dichotomies and MBTI personality categories of the respondents.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS</strong>: Through the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), this cross-sectional investigation examined the Filipino students' personality type in a dental school in the Philippines and presented it through descriptive statistics.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS</strong>: In retrospect to the personality dichotomies, majority or 44 (17.19%) of the students were of the Introverted feeling with intuition variety or the Introversion Intuition Feeling Perceiving (INFP) type. This personality type does not coincide with that of a dentist or dental student in other studies.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION</strong>: The mainstream dental students' personality types were inclined to traits that are indicative of the INFP professions (e.g. artists, counselors, social workers, etc.) and not of a prospective dentist. These findings will add to the database of dental education in the Philippines, and will enable the dental educators and schools to improve their educational strategies.</p>

Pharmacological intervention of HIV-1 maturation

Despite significant advances in antiretroviral therapy, increasing drug resistance and toxicities observed among many of the current approved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs indicate a need for discovery and development of potent and safe antivirals with a novel mechanism of action. Maturation inhibitors (MIs) represent one such new class of HIV therapies. MIs inhibit a late step in the HIV-1 Gag processing cascade, causing defective core condensation and the release of non-infectious virus particles from infected cells, thus blocking the spread of the infection to new cells. Clinical proof-of-concept for the MIs was established with betulinic acid derived bevirimat, the prototype HIV-1 MI. Despite the discontinuation of its further clinical development in 2010 due to a lack of uniform patient response caused by naturally occurring drug resistance Gag polymorphisms, several second-generation MIs with improved activity against viruses exhibiting Gag polymorphism mediated resistance have been recently discovered and are under clinical evaluation in HIV/AID patients. In this review, current understanding of HIV-1 MIs is described and recent progress made toward elucidating the mechanism of action, target identification and development of second-generation MIs is reviewed.

Relationships between Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Psychological Type and Marital Satisfaction, Divorce Proneness, Positive Affect, and Conflict Regulation in Clinic Couples

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) psychological type and marital satisfaction, divorce proneness, positive affect, and conflict regulation in couple visiting a clinic. METHODS: Couples (n=62) who visited "M" couple clinic participated in the study. Data were collected from March to June 2009 using the Marital Satisfaction Scale, Marital Status Inventory, Positive Affect Inventory, and Conflict Regulation Inventory. RESULTS: The couples showed no significant differences in marital satisfaction, positive affect, and conflict regulation according to similarities between spouses in MBTI types. However, they showed significant differences in divorce proneness of husband according to a similarity in the Sensing/Intuition indicator. They also showed significant differences in divorce proneness, positive affect, and conflict regulation between the couples for ISTJ (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judging) or ESTJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judging) types compared to other couples. CONCLUSION: When nurses counsel couples, they should understand that differences in psychological type between spouses affects their marital relationship. In addition, nurses should educate couples on the characteristics of each type according to the couple's types and help them to understand each other, especially for couples where one spouse is the ISTJ/ESTJ type. These interventions will improve marital satisfaction and prevent the divorce in these couples.

Effects of Endothelin A Receptor Antagonist to Cellular Proliferation and Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Heart

PURPOSE: In order to investigate the role of endothelins in the cardiac development, the present study was designed to examine the effects of endothelin A receptor(ETAR) antagonist to the cellular proliferation and apoptosis in the neonatal rat heart. In addition, the expression of various regulatory genes in protein and mRNA levels by ETAR antagonist were examined. METHODS: Neonatal Spargue-Dawley rats were separated into two groups. The BMS group(N=22) was treated with the selective ETAR antagonist(Bristo-Myers Squibb-182874; 300 mg/Kg/day) and the control group(N=20) with normal saline for seven days by orogastric tube. On the following day, their hearts were harvested for determination of apoptosis by modified TUNEL technique and cellular proliferation by PCNA stain. In addition to this, Western blottings and RT-PCRs of bcl-x, clusterin, p53 and TGF-beta1 were performed. RESULTS: The BMS group resulted in a reduced body weight, but not a significantly reduced heart weight. In the BMS group, cardiac apoptotic cells and PCNA positive cells were decreased(P<0.05). In the BMS group, clusterin and bcl-x protein expressions were increased(P<0.05), but p53 and TGF-beta1 protein expressions remained the same. In the BMS group, clusterin and TGF-beta1 mRNA expressions were increased(P<0.05), but bcl-x and p53 mRNA expressions remained the same. CONCLUSION: ETAR antagonist treatment decreases cell turnover in the developing rat heart, which may account for the role of endothelins on modulating cardiac growth. These changes may be affected by clusterin and bcl-x expressions. These results support that there are some roles of endothelin and ETAR in the cellular level of early neonatal cardiac growth.