Calcium/Calmodulin Mediates Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis in Myocardial Infarction Through Iron Overload / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Myocardial infarction(MI), an acute coronary syndrome that poses a serious risk to human health, involves multiple pathophysiological processes, including calcium overload. Existing therapeutic approaches and preventive measures have limitations and cannot effectively repair myocardial cells with poor regenerative potential. Exploring multiple programmed modes of cardiomyocyte death could help find potential targets for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and the potential role of ferroptosis as a novel mode of cell death in myocardial infarction has attracted great attention. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Ca

Promising roles of non-exosomal and exosomal non-coding RNAs in the regulatory mechanism and as diagnostic biomarkers in myocardial infarction / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Non-exosomal non-coding RNAs (non-exo-ncRNAs) and exosomal ncRNAs (exo-ncRNAs) have been associated with the pathological development of myocardial infarction (MI). Accordingly, this analytical review provides an overview of current MI studies on the role of plasma non-exo/exo-ncRNAs. We summarize the features and crucial roles of ncRNAs and reveal their novel biological correlations via bioinformatics analysis. The following contributions are made: (1) we comprehensively describe the expression profile, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and "pre-necrotic" biomarkers of non-exo/exo-ncRNAs for MI; (2) functional enrichment analysis indicates that the target genes of ncRNAs are enriched in the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway and cellular response to chemical stress, etc.; (3) we propose an updated and comprehensive view on the mechanisms, pathophysiology, and biomarker roles of non-exo/exo-ncRNAs in MI, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the clinical management of MI.

Protective Antibodies to Bovine Milk Fat Globule and to Xanthine Oxidase Levels in Jordanian Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: The previously reported circulating human antibodies against the Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane (BMFGM) were found to primarily target xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme that produces uric acid and reactive oxygen species. It is suggested that XO could potentially be implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: In this study, anti-BMFGM and anti-XO IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies were assayed in the sera of acute myocardial infarction patients and healthy control from the Jordanian population using the highly sensitive Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Serum high in antibodies against xanthine oxidase was used as a reference serum to standardize the assay. The levels of anti-BMFGM IgM antibodies were found to be higher in male controls than myocardial infarction male patients in contrast to female group, but no significant differences were observed in the levels of IgG and IgA antibodies. The levels of anti-xanthine oxidase IgM and IgG antibodies were significantly higher in myocardial infarction patients when compared with their corresponding controls. Conflicting results were obtained when different personnel measured the IgM antibody titres, likely due to infarction factors of IgM aggregation within the assay. Results from this study demonstrate significant differences in the levels of antiMFGM and anti-XO IgM antibodies between myocardial infarction patients and controls. Conclusion: Collectively, the data suggest that XO may be a risk factor in myocardial infarction patients and the presence of antibodies may act as a protective factor

The Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Diabetics responsible for a greater mortality rateduring the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI).Objective: In this study our main aim is to evaluate theincidence of myocardial infraction in diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This study was done at different private hospitalin Khulna District. During the period of two years (2015-2017)among 105 patients. Where complete demographic detailssuch as age, gender, blood pressure, smoking and alcoholdetails, previous clinical and medical history were noted for allthe patients. Blood was collected from the patients for randomblood glucose levels and HbA1c levels.Results: In the study patients male patients 26.8% higher thanfemale and 28.1% were known diabetics. 10.7% of them wereidentified as diabetic during the hospitalization. Also wherediabetic patients who have had an MI previously are more atrisk to a recurrent MI rather than those without.Conclusion: From result we can conclude that the chronic andacute hyperglycemia linked with acute myocardial infarction isan independent and determinant factor in the outcome forpatients with and without diabetes mellitus. Further study isneeded for better outcome.

Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in coronary artery disease (CAD): A study from tertiary care center in north India

Background: Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) constitutes an important manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD). VT can occur in the immediate acute myocardial infarction (MI) period, further complicating the management. VT also occurs after long duration of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the healed MI. Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical presentation, hemodynamic status, treatment received and finally the outcome of CAD patients manifesting as sustained VT. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted at Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), a tertiary care center in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, between August 2013 to May 2016. All the cases of definite sustained VT already admitted in the hospital or Rahul Sudan, Mehroz Ahmed, Khursheed Aslam, Irfan Yaqoob, Gunjan Gupta, Shantanu Aggarwal. Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in coronary artery disease (CAD): A study from tertiary care center in north India. IAIM, 2018; 5(2): 160- 167. Page 161 presenting in the emergency department including those who developed VT during the course of acute MI were evaluated. Results: In our study, a total of 35 patients of CAD manifesting as sustained VT were observed. Majority of these patients were males. The most common presenting symptom was chest pain seen in a total of 14 patients. A total of 23 patients (66%) were hemodynamically stable at the time of VT. A decreased Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF <50%) was seen in 18 patients (51%). Monomorphic VT was seen in a total of 28 patients (80%) and the rest of 7 patients showed polymorphic VT. Mortality was seen in 8 patients (23%). Conclusion: Polymorphic pattern of sustained VT, hemodynamic instability at the time of VT and a decreased LVEF are associated with increased mortality in patients of CAD manifesting as VT.

The Association of SNP on Chromosome 9p21 with Myocardial Infarction in Yunnan Yi nationality / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between 9p21 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and myocardial infarction(MI) in Yunnan Yi nationality. Methods One hundred and ten patients with MI and 110 controls were enrolled. DNA sequencing was used to detect 9p21 gene locus and SNP typing and analysis. Results Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found in 9 sites of chromosome 9p21 in myocardial infarction group and control group.The frequency of rs1333049 GG genotype was 30.91% and 18.18% in case group and control group respectively, G The frequencies of rs2383206 GG genotype were 31.82% and 18.18%, respectively, and the frequencies of G allele were 55.3% and 41.1%, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups 58.3% and 44.9%, The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates an association of rs1333049 polymorphism locus on chromosome 9p21 with risk for MI in in Yunnan Yi nationality.

Clinical Retrospective and Prospective Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Reteplase in STEMI Patients.

Reteplase is a third-generation recombinant form of t- PA (tissue plasminogen activator). A phase–III prospective, multi-centric trial and retrospective, post-marketing surveillance (PMS) of reteplase have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reteplase in patients with ST segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Phase-III trial was a prospective, multi-centric, open-label study conducted across 15 centers in India. 80 patients out of 83 screened were enrolled in the study. Patients with STEMI admitted to an intensive care unit in a hospital within 6 hours of onset of symptoms and meeting all eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study. Each patient received a total dose of 20 units of reteplase. The dose was given as two 10 unit intravenous injections each over two minutes, no more than 30 minutes apart. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the all cause mortality rate at 30 days post-dosing in patients with STEMI following treatment with reteplase. Safety assessment was based on treatment emergent adverse events, physical examinations, vital signs, ECGs, echocardiography and safety laboratory tests. A Post Marketing Surveillance (PMS) following the marketing approval in India was undertaken to assess the safety profile of reteplase in patients with STEMI and/or recent left bundle branch block. Reteplase was administered as two bolus injections of 10 units each. Each bolus was administered as a slow intravenous injection over 2 minutes. Total 204 patients’ data has been considered for the analysis in present post-marketing study. The results of both these studies are discussed. In both these studies, reteplase efficacy and safety were well established in treatment of patients with ST segment elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).

Intravenous administration of embryonic stem cells home into injured hearts and improve cardiac function post myocardial infarction in rats / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To clarify whether the intravenous administration of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)could home in on injured myocardium caused by acute myocardial infarction(MI)in rats and to improve the cardiac function afterwards,and to explore the possible effect of inflammatory factor TNF-?on it.Methods ESCs were cultured in vitro and transfected with green fluorescence protein(GFP).The model of heart failure post MI in rats was established by permanent ligation of left coronary anterior descend artery.After operation the rats were administered with 10~7 ESC via tail vein every other day for 6 days.The sham and MI without ESCs infusion groups served as control.Six weeks later,the hemodynamic measurement was employed to evaluate the cardiac function.Immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the GFP expression in heart and other organs,and the cardiac specific protein Tropinin I(Tn I)expression in GFP positive spot of heart.Meanwhile,the co-culture in vitro of ESC and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was used to observe the effect of overexpression of TNF-?in cardiomyocytes on ESC migration.Results Six weeks after MI,cardiac function was significantly improved in rats administered with ESC in comparison with those of MI group.Histological changes demonstrated that infused ESCs formed GFP-positive grafts in infracted myocardium.Alternatively,the positive immunostaining for Tn I was found in the area corresponding to GRP positive staining.In regard to other organs,only in spleen a few GFP positive cells were found.This would indicate that circulating ESC could translocate to infracted myocardium and to form cardiac tissue.Migration assay of ESC in vitro indicated that cultured cardiomyocytes with overexpression of TNF-aobviously enhanced the migration of ESCs in comparison with cardiomyocytes without transfection. Conclusion Intravenously infused ESC could home in on infarcted myocurdium and futher differentiate into cardiomyocytes which led to the improvement of cardiac function.In the setting of acute MI the homing mechanism Could be associated with locally released inflammatory factors such as TNF-?which may play as a chemotactic agent on circulating ESC.

Effect of mechanical ventilation on 43 patients with myocardial infarction / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of mechanical ventilation (MV) on myocardial infarction (MI).Methods43 MI patients of the treating group were treated with mechanical ventilation when PaO2<55 mmHg, SaO2<85%.26 MI patients of the control group were treated with same treatment except for inhaling O2 through nose or face mask.ResultsThe survival rate of the treating group was 34.9%, but that of the control group was 7.8%, there was a significant difference between two groups (P<0.01).ConclusionMechanical ventilation can raise the survival rate of MI patients and improve functions of failing heart.