Facteurs associés à la mortalité des urgences chirurgicales néonatales à Douala / Determinants of mortality of neonatal surgical emergencies in Douala

Introduction. Les urgences chirurgicales néonatales (UCN) se manifestent de la naissance au 28e jour de vieet nécéssitent un traitement chirurgical dans un délai court. L'objectif de ce travail est d'identifier les facteurs associés à la mortalité des UCN dans quatre hôpitaux de la ville de Douala.Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude transversale analytique avec collecte de données rétrospective sur une période de 10 ans, allant du 1er Janvier 2013 au 31 Décembre 2022 dans 4 hôpitaux de la ville de Douala à savoir: l'Hôpital Général, l'Hôpital Laquintinie, l'Hôpital Gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yassa, et l'Hôpital Protestant de Ndogbati. Résultats.Laprévalence hospitalièredes urgences chirurgicales néonatalesétait de6,1%. La tranche d'âge la plus représentée était celle de 2 à 7 jours avec un sex-ratio de 1,7. La mortalité était de 48%avec une majorité de décès en post-opératoire (64,4%).Les déterminants de mortalité sur le plan sociodémographique étaient : l'âge à l'admission inférieur à 8 jours (OR= 1,95 ; P<0,001), le sexe masculin (OR=1,51 ; P=0,002); la moyenne prématurité (OR=0,91 ; P<0,001), le poids de naissance < 2500g (OR= 5,15 ; P=0,009), et le délai d'admission > 2 jours (OR=0,73 ; P<0,001). Sur le plan évolutif, les facteurs de mauvais pronostic étaient : les malformations anorectales (OR=2,23; P< 0,001), l'atrésie de l'œsophage (OR=3,63 ; P=0,001), la présence de complications post opératoires (OR= 3,45 ; P<0,001) et le sepsis (OR= 7,87; P=0,037).ConclusionLa mortalité post opératoire est très élevée. Les facteurs associés sont le long délai diagnostic, la prématurité, les pathologies malformatives digestives et le seps

Introduction.Neonatal surgical emergencies (NSE) occur from birth to the 28th day of life and require surgical treatment within a short timeframe. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with mortality in NSE in four hospitals in the city of Douala. Methodology.We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study with retrospective data collection over a period of 10 years, from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2022, in 4 hospitals in the city of Douala, namely: General Hospital, Laquintinie Hospital, Gynecological-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Yassa, and Protestant Hospital of Ndogbati. Results.The hospital prevalence of neonatal surgical emergencies was 6.1%. The most represented age group was 2 to 7 days with a sex ratio of 1.7. The mortality rate was 48%, with a majority of deaths occurring in the post-operative period (64.4%). Sociodemographic determinants of mortality were: age at admission less than 8 days (OR=1.95; P<0.001), male sex (OR=1.51; P=0.002); moderate prematurity (OR=0.91; P<0.001), birth weight < 2500g (OR=5.15; P=0.009), and admission delay > 2 days (OR=0.73; P<0.001). In terms of progression, factors associated with poor prognosis were: anorectal malformations (OR=2.23; P<0.001), esophageal atresia (OR=3.63; P=0.001), presence of post-operative complications (OR=3.45; P<0.001), and sepsis (OR=7.87; P=0.037). Conclusion Post-operative mortality is very high. Associated factors include delayed diagnosis, prematurity, digestive malformative pathologies, and sepsis.

Necrosis pancreática infectada: tratamiento solo con antibióticos. ¿Sería el primer paso del step-up approach? / Infected pancreatic necrosis: Treatment with antibiotics alone. Would this be the first step of the step-up approach?

Resumen Introducción: En 1994, Claudio Bassi relató un caso de tratamiento médico de la necrosis pancreática infec tada (NPI); luego desde 1996 se publicaron numerosos artículos de serie de casos con tratamiento solo con antibióticos con buenos resultados. Objetivos: Presentar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de la necrosis pancreática infectada con antibióticos (sin drenaje). Métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente los pacientes con diagnóstico de NPI desde enero de 2018 a octubre del 2020, enfocándonos en aquellos casos que se trata ron de forma conservadora (soporte hidroelectrolítico, nutricional y antibióticos). El diagnóstico se realizó ob servando gas en el retroperitoneo por TC asociado o no a deterioro clínico del paciente con necrosis pancreática sin otro foco. No se realizó punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF). Resultados: Identificamos 25 pacientes con diag nóstico de NPI. Once fueron tratados de forma conser vadora. Según la clasificación de Atlanta, modificada en 2012, 3 casos fueron clasificados de forma grave y el resto moderadamente grave. Todos recibieron antibióticos al menos durante 3 semanas. Ninguno requirió nutrición parenteral. El promedio de estan cia hospitalaria fue de 38 días. Tres pacientes fueron readmitidos. A 8 se les realizó colecistectomía luego de haber resuelto el cuadro; los restantes ya estaban colecistectomizados. No hubo muertes en esta serie. Conclusiones: La NPI puede ser tratada de forma con servadora sin drenaje con buenos resultados en casos seleccionados.

Abstract Introduction: In 1994, Claudio Bassi reported a case of medical treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN); then since 1996 numerous articles of case series were published with treatment only with antibiotics with good outcomes. Objectives: To present our experience in the mana gement of patients with IPN with antibiotics (without drainage). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases with a diagnosis of IPN from January 2018 to October 2020, focusing on those cases that were treated conservatively (hydro-electrolyte, nutritional support and antibiotics). The diagnosis was made by observing gas in the re troperitoneum by CT or by clinical deterioration of the patient with pancreatic necrosis without another focus. Fine needle aspiration was not performed. Results: We identified 25 patients with a diagnosis of IPN; eleven were treated conservatively. According to Atlanta, modified in 2012, 3 were classified severely and the rest moderately severe. All received antibiotics for at least 3 weeks. None required parenteral nutrition. The mean hospital stay was 38 days. Three patients were readmitted. 8 underwent cholecystectomy after having resolved the condition; the rest were already cholecys tectomized. There were no deaths in this series. Conclusions: IPN can be treated conservatively without drainage with good results in selected cases.

Desempeño táctico de judokas escolares en el ne waza

En el trabajo que se presenta, se plantea como propósito analizar el desempeño táctico del ne waza en judokas escolares de la Isla de la Juventud y determinar las causas que han generado el bajo desempeño en este campo durante los Juegos Escolares Nacionales. Para este fin, se seleccionó una muestra de 16 judokas de ambos sexos, de las categorías 13-14 y 15-16 años. Los métodos fundamentales empleados en la investigación fueron la revisión documental, la observación científica, la entrevista y la medición. Los resultados mostraron poca ejecución y baja efectividad en los ataques. El osae waza fue el factor fundamental para obtener la victoria y el kansetsu waza ocupó la segunda opción jerárquica de preferencia en estas edades. Se corroboró el poco tiempo usado en el trabajo en el suelo durante el combate y que la frecuencia y variabilidad técnica fueron aceptables, mientras que la actividad táctica ofensiva y defensiva no fue suficiente para mejorar los resultados.

SÍNTESE O objectivo deste trabalho é analisar o desempenho táctico dos ne waza nos judocas escolares da Ilha da Juventude e determinar as causas que geraram o baixo desempenho neste campo durante os Jogos Escolares Nacionais. Para este fim, foi seleccionada uma amostra de 16 judocas de ambos os sexos, nas categorias etárias de 13-14 e 15-16 anos. Os métodos fundamentais utilizados na investigação foram a revisão documental, a observação científica, a entrevista e a medição. Os resultados mostraram má execução e baixa eficácia nos ataques. O osae waza foi o factor fundamental para obter a vitória e o kansetsu waza ocupou a segunda opção hierárquica de preferência nestas idades. Foi corroborado que pouco tempo foi gasto em trabalhos no solo durante o combate e que a frequência e variabilidade técnica eram aceitáveis, enquanto que a actividade táctica ofensiva e defensiva não foi suficiente para melhorar os resultados.

The work presented, has the purpose to analyze the tactical performance of the Ne Waza in school judo athletes from the Isla de la Juventud and determine the causes that have generated the low performance in this field during the National School Games. For this purpose, a sample of 16 judo athletes of both sexes, from the categories 13-14 and 15-16 years old, was selected. The fundamental methods used in the research were documentary review, scientific observation, interview and measurement. The results showed little execution and low effectiveness in the attacks. The osae waza was the fundamental factor to obtain the victory and the kansetsu waza occupied the second hierarchical option of preference in these ages. It was corroborated the little time spent working on the ground during the combat and that the frequency and technical variability were acceptable, while the offensive and defensive tactical activity was not enough to improve the results.

Network pharmacology-based prediction of potential effective components of traditional Chinese medicine and their molecular mechanisms of action in the anti-angiogenic treatment of Kaposi′s sarcoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate potential effective components of traditional Chinese medicine and their molecular mechanisms of action in the anti-angiogenic treatment of Kaposi′s sarcoma based on network pharmacology, and to predict key targets and signal pathways in the anti-angiogenic treatment of Kaposi′s sarcoma with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:According to the previous network pharmacology-based analysis results, main chemical components and targets of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, Cortex Mori, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and Fructus Perillae were obtained by using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP); potential therapeutic targets for angiogenesis and Kaposi′s sarcoma were obtained by searching the GeneCard, OMIM, DrugBank and TTD databases, and a Venn diagram was constructed to obtain targets for the interaction between Kaposi′s sarcoma and anti-angiogenic drug components; a protein-protein interaction model was constructed using the STRING 11.5 platform; the Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to construct the component-target visual network. Meanwhile, the Metascape platform was used to analyze the Gene Ontology (GO) functions and the enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) -based pathways. The main active ingredients and core targets obtained through the above analyses were then verified by molecular docking. Results:The core components of anti-Kaposi′s sarcoma angiogenesis drugs were resveratrol (degree: 142), quercetin (degree: 141), kaempferol (degree: 56), luteolin (degree: 56), β-sitosterol (degree: 37), arachidonic acid (degree: 36), naringenin (degree: 36), etc., and the core target was prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2). KEGG analysis revealed that the cancer signaling pathways were the important pathways related to the inhibiton of angiogenesis in Kaposi′s sarcoma; functional enrichment analysis showed that the positive regulation of cell migration was the most significantly enriched GO term in the biological process category. Molecular docking results showed that resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin had good affinity with PTGS2, especially quercetin and luteolin exhibited the strongest binding abilities to PTGS2, with the binding energies being -9.4 and -9.5 kcal/mol, respectively.Conclusion:This study showed that the 4 traditional Chinese medicines recorded in TCMSP (including Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati., Cortex Mori, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and Fructus Perillae) may play an anti-angiogenic role by regulating cancer signaling pathways and acting on targets such as PTGS2, and predicted the possible anti-angiogenesis mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines in Kaposi′s sarcoma.

Effects of umbilical moxibustion on phobic behavior and monoamine neurotransmitters in stress-model rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of umbilical moxibustion therapy on phobic behavior and the contents of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in different brain regions of the stress-model rats and explore the potential mechanism of umbilical moxibustion on phobic behavior.@*METHODS@#Among 50 Wistar male rats, 45 rates were selected and randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an umbilical moxibustion group, 15 rats in each one; and the rest 5 rats were used for preparing the model of electric shock. The bystander electroshock method was adopted to prepare phobic stress model in the model group and the umbilical moxibustion group. After modeling, the intervention with umbilical moxibustion started in the umbilical moxibustion group, in which, the ginger-isolated moxibustion was applied at "Shenque" (CV 8), once daily, 2 cones for 20 min each time, for consecutively 21 days. After modeling and intervention completed, the rats in each group were subjected to the open field test to evaluate the state of fear. After intervention, the Morris water maze test and fear conditioning test were performed to evaluate the changes in learning and memory ability and the state of fear. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the contents of NE, DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus were determined.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the horizontal and vertical activity scores were lower (P<0.01), the number of stool particles was increased (P<0.01), the escape latency was prolonged (P<0.01), the times of target quadrant were reduced (P<0.01), and the freezing time was prolonged (P<0.05) in the rats of the model group. The horizontal and vertical activity scores were increased (P<0.05), the number of stool particles was reduced (P<0.05), the escape latency was shortened (P<0.05, P<0.01), the times of target quadrant were increased (P<0.05), and the freezing time was shortened (P<0.05) in the rats of the umbilical moxibustion group when compared with the model group. The trend search strategy was adopted in the control group and the umbilical moxibustion group, while the random search strategy was used in rats of the model group. Compared with the control group, the contents of NE, DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus were reduced (P<0.01) in the model group. In the umbilical moxibustion group, the contents of NE, DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) when compared with the model group.@*CONCLUSION@#Umbilical moxibustion can effectively relieve the state of fear and learning and memory impairment of phobic stress model rats, which may be related to the up-regulation of contents of brain neurotransmitters, i.e. NE, DA, and 5-HT.

Pattern Of Nicotine Use And Dependence In Psychiatric Patients Study

Background: Tobacco use is an epidemic known as “the brown plague” affec?ng one billion lives in the 21st century and 80% in developing countries. Prevalence of smoking is especially high in pa?ents with psychiatric illness with an ongoing debate over which comes first. Studies about nico?ne consump?on in psychiatric pa?ents are few from developing countries. Hence, this study is designed to iden?fy socio-demographic and diagnos?c correlates of nico?ne use. Aims and Objec?ves:- To es?mate the pa?ern of nico?ne use and determine the associa?on between sociodemographic profile, onset of nico?ne use, it’s use as a coping mechanism, psychological associa?on with nico?ne use in psychologically ill pa?ents. Material and methods:- A cross-sec?onal study including 101 pa?ents with nico?ne use and psychiatric illness were administered a semi structured ques?onnaire, Fagerstrom Test for Nico?ne Dependence(FTND) and nico?ne dependence syndrome scale. Data analyzed with mean, standard devia?on, chi- square, ANOVA Results:-Nico?ne use was more common in middle age group with alcohol dependence followed by depression. Nico?ne use was not associated with background, socioeconomic status, gender. Majority tried to quit for health but what kept them with nico?ne were drive, stereotypy, con?nuity, priority. Conclusions:- Nico?ne is a commonly abused substance in psychiatric pa?ents without a clear demarca?on about the cause effect rela?onship. The exis?ng study gives few insights into reasons for nico?ne intake which was more so among the produc?ve age group. Hence, there is a need for further research about psychotropic drug interac?ons with nico?ne use and focus on integra?on of nico?ne cessa?on into treatment of other psychiatric disorders rather than separate deaddic?on clinics to alleviate the illness burden.

"Eu quero um amor": violência no namoro e medida socioeducativa / "I want love": violence in dating and socio-educative confinement / "Quiero un amor": violencia en relación amorosa yencarcelamiento socioeducativo

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender como se manifesta a violência em relacionamentos amorosos de adolescentes do sexo feminino no contexto de internação socioeducativa. A pesquisa foi realizada tendo a inserção ecológica como método. O pesquisador realizou 32 visitas a uma unidade de internação mista, com média de 3h por visita. Considerou-se participante da pesquisa 25 pessoas (14 adolescentes e 11 servidoras). Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática e apontaram para a presença da violência em relacionamentos amorosos das adolescentes, tanto atuais como pregressos. A violência cumpre várias funções no relacionamento amoroso e afeta o desenvolvimento de competências psicossociais. A unidade não dispunha de intervenção que abordasse prevenção à violência no namoro, apesar de relacionamentos amorosos aparecerem como um componente do projeto de vida. É fundamental a compreensão das múltiplas violências às quais o público feminino está submetido para qualificação do atendimento socioeducativo. (AU)

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo entender como se manifiesta la violencia en relaciones románticas de las adolescentes en el contexto de lo encarcelamiento socioeducativo. La investigación se realizó utilizandoinserción ecológica como método. El investigador realizó 32 visitas a una unidad mixta de detención, con un promedio de 3 horas por visita. Se consideró participante del estudio a 25 personas (14 adolescentes y 11 sirvientes). Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis temático y señalaron la presencia de violencia en las relaciones sentimentales, tanto actuales como pasadas. La violencia cumple varias funciones en la relación sentimental y afecta el desarrollo dehabilidades psicosociales. La unidad no contó conintervención que abordara la prevención de la violencia en el noviazgo, aunque las relaciones amorosas aparecen como un componente del proyecto de vida. Comprender la violencia múltiple a la que está sometido el público femenino es fundamental para calificar la asistencia socioeducativa. (AU)

The present article aims to comprehend how is manifested the violence in amorous relationships of female adolescents in the context of socio-educative confinement. The research was carried out with the use of ecological insertion as a method.The researcher undertook 32 visits to the facility, with an average of 3 hours per visit. Were considered as participants in the research 25 people (14 adolescents and 11 servants). The data were analyzed through thematic analysis and point to the presence ofviolence in both current and previous amorous relationships. Violence fulfills several functions in the relationship and affects the development of psychosocial skills. The facility did not haveintervention that approached prevention to violence in dating, although amorous relationships appear as a component to the project of life. These can contribute to the visibility of the female public that fulfills socio-educative confinementand to the qualification of the care provided.(AU)

Pretargeted immunoPET imaging with epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody in mouse models / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of pretargeting technique for immunoPET with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody in EGFR positive/negative tumor bearing mice.Methods:Cetuximab- Trans-cyclooctene (TCO)was obtained by modifying Cetuximab with TCO- N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). 2, 2′-((6-amino-1-(4, 7-bis-(carboxymethyl)-1, 4, 7-triazonan-1-yl)hexan-2-yl)azanediyl)-diacetic acid (L-NETA)was used as a chelating agent to prepare the radioligand 68Ga-L-NETA-tetrazine (Tz), then the labeling rate and in vitro stability of the product were determined. Human basal breast cancer cells MDA-MB-468 (EGFR+ ) and MDA-MB-231 (EGFR-) were cultured in vitro. In vitro experiments were performed to explore the specificity of the probe and the feasibility of pretargeting technique. Nude mice (Balb/c-nu) bearing xenografts of the above two cell lines were established. Cetuximab-TCO (50 μg) was injected into the tumor-bearing mice in advance, then 68Ga-L-NETA-Tz was injected at different time points (48, 36, 24 and 12 h), and pretargeting was realized through " click chemistry" . Small-animal PET imaging and biodistribution were performed to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties and specificity of the probe. The one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the data. Results:The 68Ga-L-NETA-Tz molecular probe was successfully prepared with the labeling yield >95%, and the radiochemical purity was >95% after 2 h. Cetuximab-TCO and 68Ga-L-NETA-Tz were added to MDA-MB-468 cells successively, and the cell uptake rate reached (0.69±0.04)% at 1 h, which demonstrated the feasibility of the pretargeting technique. PET imaging and biodistribution results showed that the best imaging results were obtained in 36 h pre-injection group, in which the tumor uptake was the highest ((0.77±0.05) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), 1 h) and the tumor/muscle ratio was optimal (4.67±0.46); the tumor uptake in the blocking group, the group without injecting Cetuximab-TCO, and the MDA-MB-231 group were significantly lower ((0.35±0.01), (0.39±0.05), (0.45±0.10) %ID/g; F=15.50, P=0.002). Conclusions:EGFR targeted immunoPET imaging is successfully performed in mouse models of breast cancer by injecting Cetuximab-TCO and 68Ga-L-NETA-Tz successively. It provides an effective method for immunoPET imaging of monoclonal antibodies.

The protective effects of salvianolic acid B, ginsenoside Rgl and notoginsenoside R1 on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and reoxygenation of astrocytes / 中国药理学通报

eration-toxicity test kit was used to detect the cell viability of astrocytes, and flow cytometry to detect mitochondrial membrane potential, KOS release and intracellular calcium concentration.KT-PCK was employed to detect the niHNA expression of BDNF, NGF, KtFIcx in astrocytes.Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of PI3K, ART and STA'13 protein in astrocytes.Results OGD/K significantly decreased cell viability.HOS release and intracellular calcium ion concentration of astrocytes, mitochondrial membrane potential and p-STAT3 , p-PI3K, p-AKT ex¬pression decreased in OGD/R group.Sal 15, Rgl and HI significantly increased the viability of damaged cells, and regulated KOS release, calcium ion concen¬tration and mitochondrial membrane potential to varying degrees.Sal B and Rgl increased the expression of p- STA'13 and p-AKT.Hie expression of BDNF and NGF niRNA in OGD/R group significantly decreased, and Sal B, Hgl and HI could significantly increase the ex¬pression of BDNF niHNA in damaged cells.Hgl could increase NGF niRNA expression.Sal B increased the expression of IGFla niRNA.Conclusions Sal B, Kgl, and HI reduce the oxidative stress response of astrocytes after OGD/R injury by regulating the PI3K/ ART and STA'13 signaling pathway, reduce intracellu¬lar calcium overload, and play a protective role in as-trocytes, increase the release of astrocyte neurotrophic factor, which may further play a protective role in neu¬rons.

Dermatite néonatale: à propos de 116 cas recueillis dans un CHU d'Abidjan / Newborns dermatitis: about 116 cases collected in a university hospital in Abidjan

Objectifs : Déterminer le profil épidémiologique des dermatoses du nouveau-né et de décrire les différents aspects cliniques des dermatoses néonatales observées. Matériel et méthodes : L'étude s'est déroulée au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Cocody (Abidjan). L'étude était transversale, à visée descriptive et analytique, réalisée sur la base d'un recrutement prospectif. Ont été inclus, les nouveau-nés ayant été vus en consultation externe ou en hospitalisationdu 4 avril 2018 au 23 août 2018 chez qui le médecin pédiatre avait observé des lésions cutanées et/ou muqueuses.Ensuite,le diagnostic était posé par le dermatologue référant de l'étude. Résultats : Pendant la période d'étude, 116 nouveau-nés ont été recensés. La moyenne d'âge était 16,86 ± 8,4 jours avec un âge médian de 19 jours. Lesex ratio (H/F) était de 1. Dans plus de la moitié (53,5%) des cas, les lésions évoluaient depuis moins de 5 jours. Une dermatose transitoire était diagnostiquée dans plus de la moitié des cas (51,7%) et dans près du tiers des cas (32,6%) une dermatose infectieuse. Les dermatoses transitoires du nouveau-né étaient dominées par la miliaire sudorale (40%), l'érythème toxique (23%), la desquamation néonatale (10,7%) et l'hyperplasie néonatale (10,7%). Les taches mongoloïdes représentaient3,3% des cas. Les dermatoses infectieuses étaient essentiellement représentées par des infections mycosiques (68,4%) et bactériennes (31,6%). Les autres dermatoses néonatales observées étaient dominées par dermite du siège (64,3%) et les nævi congénitaux (21,5%). Plus de la moitié (57,1%) des cas d'érythème toxique néonatal survenaient entre le 6e et le 10e jour de vie. L'âge moyen des patients présentant une dermatose transitoire était de 14,31 jours contre 19,41 jours pour ceux présentant les autres dermatoses. La différence observée au niveau de l'âge était statistiquement significative (p < 0,05). Conclusion: Les dermatoses néonatales sont multiples et variées. Certaines sont transitoires, ne nécessitant pas toujours de prise en charge thérapeutique. Leur diagnostic n'est pas toujours évident pour le pédiatre d'où la nécessité d'une étroite collaboration entre pédiatres et dermatologues afin d'améliorer la démarche diagnostique et parfois thérapeutique

Aims: To determine the epidemiological profile of newborn dermatitis and to describe the different clinical aspects of the observed neonatal dermatitis. Procedure: The study took place at the University Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan). The study was cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical, carried out on the basis of prospective recruitment. The study included newborns who were seen in outpatient or inpatient settings by 4 april 2018 to 23 August 2018 and in whom the pediatrician had observed cutaneous and/or mucosal lesions. The diagnosis was made with the collaboration of a dermatologist. Results: During the study period, 116 newborns were identified. The age of the patients seen in pediatrics with dermatitis varied from 1 to 28 days, with a mean of 16.86 ± 8.4 days. The median age was 19 days. The most representative age range (32.8%) was 24-28 days. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1. In almost 2/3 of the cases, the children were born at term, 29.3% were premature and 5.2% were born after term. In almost 2/3 of the cases (63.8%), the newborns had a birth weight of more than 2500 g. Only 3.4% of newborns seen in pediatric consultations were referred for a dermatitis. The age of the lesions at the time of consultation varied from 1 to 26 days, with a mean of 06.19 days ± 5.13. In more than half (53.5%) of the cases, the lesions had evolved for less than 5 days. Transient dermatitis was more frequent (51.7%), followed by infectious dermatitis (32.8%). Transient dermatitis of the newborn was dominated by sweaty miliaria (40%). Infectious dermatitis were mainly represented by mycotic (68.4%) and bacterial (31.9%) infections. Bacterial dermatitis were composed of neonatal impetigo (83.3%) and folliculitis (16.7%). In almost half of the cases (46.1%) the mycotic dermatitis were represented by candidosis intertrigo and in 38.5% of the cases there was oral candidiasis. The other neonatal dermatitis observed were dominated by diaper rash (64.3%) (Photo 2) and congenital nevi (21.5%). More than half (57.1%) of the cases of toxic erythema neonatorum occurred between days 6 and 10 of life. Nearly half (41.6%) of the cases of sudoral miliaria occurred between birth and day 5 of life. More than half (57.1%) of the cases of sebaceous hyperplasia occurred before the 5th day of life. All cases of neonatal scaling and mongoloid spots were already present between birth and day 5 of life. The mean age of patients with transient dermatitis was 14.31 days compared with 19.41 days for those with the other dermatitis. The difference in age was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The transient dermatitis predominated in male neonates while the other dermatitis predominated in females, however the difference observed at the level of sex was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The diagnosis of neonatal dermatitis is not always obvious, especially on black skin where few publications have been published

Clinical Observation of Suanzaoren Tang Combined with Fluoxetine in Treatment of Depression of Liver Stagnation and Blood Deficiency Accompanied by Insomnia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia. Method:The patients with depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia （120 cases） were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group， with 60 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group received Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine， and those in the control group received fluoxetine. The course of treatment was eight weeks. The clinical efficacy was evaluated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD）， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）， and Activities of Daily Living （ADL） score. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， norepinephrine （NE），brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF）， neuron-specific enolase （NSE）， and S100<italic>β</italic>. Result:After eight weeks of treatment， the scores of HAMD and PSQI were reduced（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the scores of ADL were elevated（<italic>P</italic><0.01），and the levels of 5-HT， NE， GDNF and BDNF were up-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01） in the plasma of patients in the observation group as compared with those before treatment. After treatment， compared with the control group， the observation group showed increased total effective rate（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， decreased scores of HAMD and PSQI （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， elevated score of ADL（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， up-regulated levels of 5-HT， NE， GDNF and BDNF in plasma， and declining NSE and S100<italic>β</italic>（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine is superior to fluoxetine alone in treating the depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia. Its therapeutic effect is achieved by increasing the release of monoamine neurotransmitters and promoting the secretion of BDNF and GDNF in the brain.

Déterminants du risque élevé de transmission du VIH de mère à l'enfant dans quatre hôpitaux du Bénin / NA

Introduction : L'objectif actuel est l'élimination de la transmission du VIH de la mère à l'enfant. Ce travail vise à identifier les déterminants des hauts risques d'exposition au VIH chez les nouveau-nés de mère infectée au VIH. Méthodologie : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique ayant porté sur les enfants à risque élevé d'exposition au VIH, suivis dans les services de pédiatrie de quatre hôpitaux universitaires au sud du Bénin pendant la période de septembre 2018 à septembre 2020. Résultats : Sur 888 nouveau-nés exposés au VIH et admis dans la période, 123 étaient à haut risque, soit une fréquence hospitalière de 13,9%. La majorité des mères (88,6%) vivait en couple. L'allaitement maternel exclusif protégé était le principal mode d'alimentation (77,2%). La plupart des nouveau-nés (73,2%) avait été mis sous ARV dans les 24 premières heures de vie. Le protocole thérapeutique utilisé n'était pas celui recommandé chez 15,5% des enfants et se faisait avec une monoprophylaxie NVP. Les ruptures d'ARV (AZT) avaient été observées périodiquement sur les sites. L'infection au VIH avait été confirmée chez cinq enfants soit 7 % des nouveau-nés classés haut risque dépistés. Les déterminants retrouvés sont le dépistage tardif au troisième trimestre (OR : 4,447 ; IC à 95% : 0,342-57,785), le déni de la maladie par la mère (OR : 9,763 ; IC à 95% : 1,098-86,835), le délai tardif de démarrage des ARV chez la mère (OR : 5,386 ; IC à 95% : 0,333-87,028). Conclusion : Cette étude nous a permis d'identifier les principaux déterminants à haut risque de transmission du VIH de la mère à l'enfant. Dans l'objectif de l'ETME il urge d'en tenir compte afin d'améliorer la prise en charge du couple mère-enfant.

Introduction: The current objective is to eliminate mother to child HIV transmission. This work aims at identifying the determinants of high risks of HIV exposure of newborns to HIV-infected mothers. Methodology: This was a transverse, descriptive and analytical study of infants at high risks of exposure to HIV, followed in the pediatric departments of four university hospitals in southern Benin from September 2018 to September 2020. Results: Out of 888 newborns exposed to HIV and admitted during the period, 123 were at high risk, meaning a hospital attendance of 13.9%. The majority of mothers (88.6%) lived with a partner. Protected exclusive breastfeeding was the main mode of feeding (77.2%). Most of the newborns (73.2%) had been put on anti-retro-viral drugs (ARVs) within the first 24 hours of life. The treatment protocol used was not that recommended for 15.5% of infants and was done with NVP monoprophylaxis. ARV supply shortages (AZT) had been observed periodically at the study sites. HIV infection had been confirmed for five infants, representing 7% of high-risk infants tested. The determinants found are late screening in the third trimester (OR: 4.447; 95% CI: 0.342-57.785), denial of the disease by the mother (OR: 9.763; 95% CI: 1.098-86.835), late start of ARVs treatment for the mother (OR: 5.386; 95% CI: 0.333 - 87.028). Conclusion: This study identified the major determinants of high risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. In line with the ETME, these could be considered to improve the care of the mother-child couple

Respuesta inmune Th1/Th2 en pacientes co-infectados con Helicobacter pylori y helmintos / Immune response Th1/Th2 to Helicobacter pylori and Helminths in co-infected patients

Resumen: Introducción: La inflamación asociada con la infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) se relaciona con la pro gresión de las lesiones precancerosas gástricas. Las infecciones por helmintos podrían modular la respuesta proinflamatoria a la infección por H. pylori desde un perfil tipo LTCD4+ Th1 hacia una respuesta menos perjudicial tipo LTCD4+ Th2. Objetivo: Caracterizar la polarización de la respuesta inmune tipo LTCD4+ Th1/Th2 de pacientes coinfectados por H. pylori y helmintiasis procedentes de áreas de bajo riego para el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico. Pacientes y Método: Se analizaron 63 pacientes, 40 adultos y 23 niños infectados con H. pylori. La determinación de los perfiles séricos de las interleucinas asociadas con la polarización de la respuesta inmune tipo LTCD4+ Th1 (IL-1Β, INF-γ y TNF-α) y tipo LTCD4+ Th2 (IL-4, IL-10 e IL-13) se realizó con Análisis Multiplex (xMAP). La relación entre el estado de coinfección por helmintos en pacientes infectados con H. pylori y la polarización de la respuesta inmune mediada por LTCD4+ Th1 y LTCD4+ Th2, se estudió con un modelo de regresión logístico de efectos mixtos. Resultados: La frecuencia de helmintos fue similar en adultos (15%) y niños (17%). La polarización de la respuesta inmune fue más prevalente hacia el tipo LTCD4+ Th1. Los valores séricos de las interleucinas asociadas con la polarización de la respuesta inmune tipo LTCD4+ Th1 (IL-1 Β, INF-γ y TNF-α) y tipo LTCD4+ Th2 (IL-4, IL-10 e IL-13) fueron independientes del estado de infestación por helmintos. Conclusión: La prevalencia de infección por parasitismo intestinal fue alta y la polarización de la respuesta inmune fue predominantemente hacia un perfil tipo LTCD4 + Th1.

Abstract: Introduction: Inflammation associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is linked to the development of a gastric precancerous lesion. Helminth infections could influence the pro-inflam matory response to such infection from LTCD4+ Th1 to a less harmful LTCD4+ Th2 response. Ob jective: To characterize the polarization of the LTCD4+ Th2 immune response in co-infected pa tients with H. pylori and helminths from low-risk areas for developing gastric cancer. Patients and Method: We analyzed 63 patients infected by H. pylori (40 adults and 23 children). Through the Multiplex Analysis technology (xMAP), we determined the serum profiles of the interleukins asso ciated with the polarization of the immune response of LTCD4+ Th1 (IL-1Β, INF-γ, TNF-α) as well as the LTCD4+ Th2 (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13). The ratio between helminths co-infection status in H. pylori-infected patients and the polarization of the immune response mediated by LTCD4+ Th1 and LTCD4+ Th2 was assessed using a Mixed Effects Logistic Regression Model. Results: The frequency of helminths was similar between adults (15%) and children (17%). The polarization of the immu ne response was more prevalent in LTCD4+ Th1. Serum values of interleukins associated with the immune response polarization of LTCD4+ Th1 (IL-1Β, INF-γ, and TNF-α) and LTCD4+ Th2 (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) were independent of helminths infection status. Conclusion: The prevalence of in testinal parasitic infection was high and the immune response polarization was mainly LTCD4 + Th1.

Regression of macular edema with topical brinzolamide and nepafenac alone and identification of a novel gyrate atrophy mutation / Regressão de edema macular com o uso tópico de brinzolamida e nepafenac e identificação de uma nova mutação na atrofia girata

ABSTRACT Gyrate atrophy is a rare metabolic autosomal recessive disorder caused by ornithine aminotransferase enzyme deficiency that leads to characteristic progressive, degenerative chorioretinal findings. Patients complain mostly of low vision, night blindness, and peripheral vision loss. Posterior subcapsular cataract, myopia, choroid neovascularization, and intraretinal cysts may be accompanying factors related to vision loss. We encountered a patient with vision loss secondary to posterior subcapsular cataract and intraretinal cysts. After treatment with topical brinzolamide and nepafenac (and without any diet mo dification and/or supplementation), we observed 143- and 117-mm macular thickness resolutions with 2 and 1 Snellen lines of visual gain in his right and left eyes, respectively. Also, we detected a novel homozygous mutation in the ornithine aminotransferase gene: c.1253T>C (p.Leu418Pro). Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and/or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs can control macular edema in patients with gyrate atrophy-associated intraretinal cysts. The genetic variants may also be a determinant in the responsiveness to the therapy type.

RESUMO A atrofia girata é um distúrbio autossômico recessivo metabólico raro causado pela deficiência da enzima ornitina ami notransferase, que leva a achados degenerativos coriorretinianos progressivos característicos. Os pacientes queixam-se principalmente de baixa visão, cegueira noturna e perda de vi são periférica. A catarata subcapsular posterior, a miopia, a neovascularização da coróide e os cistos intrarretinianos podem ser fatores associados à perda da visão. Encontramos um paciente com perda de visão secundária à catarata subcapsular posterior e cistos intrarretinianos. Após o tratamento com brinzolamida tópica e nepafenaco (e sem modificação e/ou suplementação da dieta), observamos resoluções de espessura macular de 143 e 117 mm e com 2 e 1 linhas de Snellen de ganho visual nos olhos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. Além disso, detectamos uma nova mutação homozigótica no gene da ornitina aminotransfera se: c.1253T>C (p.Leu418Pro). Inibidores da anidrase carbônica e/ou drogas anti-inflamatórias não esteróides podem controlar o edema macular em pacientes com cistos intrarretinianos associados à atrofia girata. As variantes genéticas também podem ser determinantes na responsividade ao tipo de terapia.

Pesquisa auditiva universal en la población neonatal. Cuba, 2018 / Universal newborn hearing screening in the neonatal population. Cuba, 2018 / Pesquisa auditiva universal na população neonatal. Cuba, 2018 / Recherche auditive universelle dans la population néonatale. Cuba, 2018

Resumen Objetivo Implementar un procedimiento de pesquisa auditiva universal en la población neonatal cubana. Material y métodos Estudio de desarrollo tecnológico, empleando la revisión bibliográfica, entrevista a informantes clave y la consulta a expertos. Para la implementación del procedimiento diseñado, el universo estuvo constituido por todos los recién nacidos vivos de los hospitales maternos de Cuba, de enero a diciembre de 2018. Se realizó una selección simple aleatoria de tres provincias; quedaron seleccionadas: Pinar del Río, Camagüey y Guantánamo. Se utilizó la técnica de muestreo por conglomerados polietápico para la selección de los hospitales. La evaluación se realizó mediante instrumentos elaborados a tal efecto por un grupo de 21 expertos: 16 participaron en investigaciones precedentes para identificar problemas y causas limitantes de la pesquisa y el diseño del procedimiento, seleccionados mediante la aplicación del coeficiente de kappa; cinco que participaron en el proceso de implementación y dos asesores de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, por su experiencia internacional. Resultados Los expertos evaluaron el procedimiento favorable en aplicabilidad, pertinencia, actualidad, nivel científico, eficiencia e integralidad y por responder a una necesidad; sus resultados permitieron la integración al Programa Nacional de Discapacidad Auditiva. La implementación, permitió obtener cifras de prevalencia y factores de riesgo de discapacidad auditiva, en la población neonatal de las provincias seleccionadas. Conclusiones El procedimiento para la pesquisa auditiva universal en la población neonatal de Cuba, es pertinente y aplicable, tanto en estructura como proceso, y ofrece resultados de valor con información no conocida del diagnóstico de pérdidas auditivas en recién nacidos con y sin factores de riesgo.

Abstract Objective To apply a universal newborn hearing screening procedure in the Cuban's neonatal population. Materials and Methods Technological development study using bibliographic review, interviewing key informants and consulting experts. For the implementation of the designed procedure, the universe consisted of all alive newborns of maternal hospitals in Cuba from January to December 2018. A simple random selection of three provinces was made; Pinar del Río, Camagüey and Guantánamo were selected. The multistage cluster sampling technique was used for hospital selection. The evaluation was carried out using instruments developed for this purpose by a group of 21 experts: 16 who participated in previous studies to identify problems and causes limitations of the research and design of the procedure, selected by applying the kappa coefficient, five participated in the implementation process and two advisors from the World Health Organization, for their international experience. Results Experts evaluated the favorable procedure in applicability, relevance, topicality, scientific level, efficiency and comprehensiveness and respond to a need; their outcomes allowed the integration to the National Hearing Impairment Program. The implementation allowed to get prevalence figures and risk factors for hearing impairment in the neonatal population of selected provinces. Conclusions The procedure for universal auditory screening in the neonatal population of Cuba is relevant and applicable, is pertinent and applicable, both in structure and process and provides valuable results with unknown diagnostic information of hearing losses in newborns with and without risk factors.

Sumário Objetivo Implementar um procedimento de triagem auditiva universal na população neonatal cubana. Material e métodos Estudo do desenvolvimento tecnológico, utilizando revisão bibliográfica, entrevistando informantes-chave e consultando especialistas. Para a implementação do procedimento planejado, o universo consistiu em todos os recém-nascidos vivos das maternidades de Cuba, de janeiro a dezembro de 2018. Foi feita uma seleção aleatória simples de três províncias; foram selecionados: Pinar del Río, Camagüey e Guantánamo. A técnica de amostragem por múltiplos estágios foi utilizada para seleção hospitalar. A avaliação foi realizada com instrumentos preparados para esse fim por um grupo de 21 especialistas: 16 participaram de pesquisas anteriores para identificar problemas e causas limitantes da pesquisa e o desenho do procedimento, selecionado pela aplicação do coeficiente Kappa; cinco que participaram do processo de implementação e dois assessores da Organização Mundial da Saúde, por sua experiência internacional. Resultados Os especialistas avaliaram o procedimento favorável em aplicabilidade, relevância, atualidade, nível científico, eficiência e integralidade e para responder a uma necessidade; Seus resultados permitiram a integração no Programa Nacional de Deficiência Auditiva. A implementação permitiu obter valores de prevalência e fatores de risco para deficiência auditiva na população neonatal das províncias selecionadas. Conclusões O procedimento para a pesquisa auditiva universal na população neonatal de Cuba é relevante e aplicável, tanto na estrutura quanto no processo, e oferece resultados valiosos com informações desconhecidas sobre o diagnóstico de perda auditiva em recém-nascidos com e sem fatores de risco.

Résumé Objectif Mettre en œuvre une procédure de dépistage auditif universel dans la population néonatale cubaine. Matériel et méthodes Étude du développement technologique, à l'aide de la revue bibliographique, des entretiens avec des informateurs clés et des experts-conseils. Pour la mise en œuvre de la procédure conçue, l'univers était composé de tous les nouveau-nés vivants des hôpitaux maternels de Cuba, de janvier à décembre 2018. Une simple sélection aléatoire de trois provinces a été effectuée; ont été sélectionnés: Pinar del Río, Camagüey et Guantánamo. La technique d'échantillonnage en grappes à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour la sélection des hôpitaux. L'évaluation a été réalisée à l'aide d'instruments préparés à cet effet par un groupe de 21 experts: 16 ont participé à des recherches antérieures pour identifier les problèmes et limiter les causes de la recherche et la conception de la procédure, sélectionnés en appliquant le coefficient kappa; cinq qui ont participé au processus de mise en œuvre et deux conseillers de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, pour leur expérience internationale. Résultats Les experts ont évalué la procédure favorable en termes d'applicabilité, de pertinence, d'actualité, de niveau scientifique, d'efficacité et d'intégralité et pour répondre à un besoin; Ses résultats ont permis l'intégration dans le programme national de déficience auditive. La mise en œuvre a permis d'obtenir des chiffres de prévalence et des facteurs de risque de déficience auditive dans la population néonatale des provinces sélectionnées. Conclusions La procédure de recherche auditive universelle dans la population néonatale de Cuba est pertinente et applicable, à la fois dans la structure et le processus, et offre des résultats précieux avec des informations inconnues sur le diagnostic de la perte auditive chez les nouveau-nés avec et sans facteurs de risque. .

Denosumab in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ：A Health Technology Assessment / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide evidence-ba sed evidence for clinical treatment and decision by evaluating efficacy ，safety and cost-effectiveness of denosumab in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone （GCTB）. METHODS ：Retrieved from PubMed ， the Cochrane Library ，ScienceDirect，CNKI，Wanfang database and VIP as well as health technology assessment （HTA）organi- zation websites ，HTA reports ，randomized controlled trials （RCTs），single-arm trials and retrospective studies were included about denosumab in the treatment of GCTB in the adults and adolescents with mature bone ，and their qualities were evaluated. HTA reports were analyzed with descriptive analysis qualitatively ；Meta-analysis was conducted for single-arm clinical studies and retrospective studies by using R version 3.6.0 software. RESULTS ：Among 49 screened literatures ，there were 6 HTA reports ，5 single-arm trials and 3 retrospective studies ．No eligible RCTs were retrieved. HTA reports of various countries generally believed that denosumab possessed good efficacy and safety ；HTA reports of France ，Austrila and other contries showed that denosumab possessed economics. For the GCTB patients who was unresectable ，denosumab would bring the clinical benefits to about 81％ [95％CI（77％，86％）] of patients. The complete response rate and partial response rate was around 14％[95％CI（10％，19％）] and 51％[95％CI（32％，70％）]，respectively. For the GCTB patients was resectable ，denosumab would prevent some patients from receiving surgery （35％）[95％CI（21％，49％）] or bring surgical down staging to them （40％）[95％CI（36％，45％）]，the postoperative recurrence rate after experiencing the denosumab therapy was about 19％[95％CI（7％，35％）]，and median relapse time was approximately 6.73 months [ 95％CI（3.92，9.55）] after receiving surgery. Main grade 3-4 or high frequercy ADR requiring treatment was back pain ，limbs pain ，hypophosphatemia and jaw osteonecrosis. CONCLUSIONS ：Based on the currently available evidence，among the studies and regions covered in this study ，denosumab has favorable efficacy ，safety and cost-effectiveness in the treatment of TCTB.

Enfermedad de Ménétrier, reporte de caso (con video) / Menetrier disease: Case report with video

Resumen La enfermedad de Ménétrier, también conocida como gastritis hipertrófica gigante o gastropatía hipertrófica hipoproteinémica, es una entidad poco frecuente, caracterizada por una gastroenteropatía perdedora de proteínas, hipoclorhidria y engrosamiento de los pliegues mucosos del fondo y el cuerpo gástrico; es causante de un grupo clásico de síntomas que incluyen náuseas, vómitos, dolor abdominal y edema periférico; se asocia con un mayor riesgo de cáncer gástrico, sin embargo, su fisiopatología aún no está del todo esclarecida y su diagnóstico, clínico y endoscópico, puede llegar a ser difícil de establecer, por lo que se describe un caso clínico y se presenta una revisión sucinta de la literatura.

Abstract Menetrier disease (also known as giant hypertrophic gastritis or hypoproteinemic hypertrophic gastropathy) is a rare entity characterized by protein losing enteropathy, hypochlorhydria and thickening of the mucosal folds of the fundus and the gastric corpus. Its constellation of classic symptoms includes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and peripheral edema, and it is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Nevertheless, its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood and clinical and endoscopic diagnosis can be difficult to establish. This article describes a clinical case and provides a brief review of the literature.

Role of inositol-requiring kinase 1α/X-box binding protein 1 in airway mucus secretion induced by neutrophil elastase / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) on neutrophil elastase (NE) induced mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) production in human airway epithelial cells. Methods: HBE16 airway epithelial cells were cultured and pretreated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), or transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against inositolrequiring kinase 1α (IRE-1α) or X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), respectively before incubation with NE. NE group and blank control group were also set up. ROS production was assayed by detection kit; expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (pPERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), phosphorylated IRE-1α (pIRE-1α), and XBP-1 protein was detected by Western blotting; spliced XBP-1 (XBP-1s) mRNA was measured by real-time PCR; levels of MUC5AC protein in culture supernatant and cytoplasm were assayed by ELISA and immunofluorescence. Results: There was an obvious increase of ROS production with strong elevation of GRP78, ATF6, pPERK, and pIRE-1α protein in NE group cells after 24 h, compared with blank control group (P<0.05). The protein and mRNA of XBP-1s, and MUC5AC production also increased obviously (P<0.05). NAC and 4-PBA reduced ERS-related protein expression and MUC5AC production and secretion (P<0.05). Further studies showed that MUC5AC secretion was also blunted by IRE-1α siRNA or XBP-1 siRNA, accompanied with decreased expression of XBP-1s mRNA and protein (P<0.05). Conclusion: NE induces ERS by producing ROS, and increases MUC5AC protein production and secretion; IRE-1α/XBP-1 play a certain role in this process.

Quality Evaluation of Curcumae Radix Introduced in Zhongshan by Gray Relational Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the gray relational analysis for quality evaluation of the samples of Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan. Method:With volatile oil and curcumin as Q-markers,and alcohol extract,germacrone,germacr-1(10)-ene-5,8-dione and curcumin as comprehensive evaluation index, the contents of the four main components in 72 samples of Curcumae Radix of 3 different varieties introduced in Zhongshan from 3 different regions were determined. The grey relational method was used to build the gray correlation evaluation model for Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan. Result:The relative correlation degree (γi) of 72 samples was between 0.262 and 0.697,in which γi was above 0.450 for 10 samples,and below 0.300 for 37 samples,indicating great differences in the quality of Curcumae Radix after introduction. The γi was 0.697 and 0.525 respectively for No.MY-W-4 and No.MY-W-1 from Curcumae Radix in Mayu with the best quality. The average values of γi for the samples of 3 different varieties from 3 different regions were between 0.281 and 0.420,and Mayu samples had the maximum average value,indicating that Mayu samples had the highest overall quality of,and could be introduced as excellent resources. Conclusion:The evaluation method combined with GRA method and multi-index quantification was simple,objective and comprehensive, and could be used to evaluate the quality of Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan,so as to provide references for screening high-quality provenance.

Long-term Seroprotection Rates Following Second Dose of Measles as MMR Vaccine at 15 months in Indian Children

Objective: To find out seropositivity rates at 4-6 and 9-12 years of age; among those whoreceived one-dose measles at 9 months and one-dose MMR at 15 months of age. Methods:80 healthy children (53 males) at 4-6 or 9-12 years of age, attending outpatient departmentfor vaccination were enrolled. Antibody titers were estimated using commercially availablequantitative-IgG ELISA kits. Results: The seropositivity rates against measles, mumps,rubella were 80% (40/50), 86% (43/50), and 96% (48/50), respectively at 4-6 years, and83.3% (25/30), 96.7% (29/30) and 96.7% (29/30), respectively at 9-12 years of age.Conclusion: Single dose of rubella vaccine seems to provide adequate long-termprotection; however, measles vaccine requires more doses for similar protection.