RESUMO
Introducción: La nutrición enteral (NE) es la entrega de nutrientes al tracto gastrointestinal mediante una sonda nasogástrica (SNG), nasoyeyunal (SNY) o de gastrostomía (GTT); siendo la ruta preferida para satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales cuando la vía oral está contraindicada o es insuficiente. Objetivo: Describir el perfil de pacientes pediátricos que requirieron NE domiciliaria y su efecto en el estado nutritivo. Sujetos y Método: Estudio analítico retrospectivo, en 37niños hospitalizados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica (UC) que fueron dados de alta con soporte nutricional enteral durante el período de Abril 2010 a Abril 2011. Resultados: La indicación principal para iniciar soporte nutricional fue trastorno de deglución (n=27), siendo la mayoría de los pacientes menores de 1 año al momento de recibir la indicación (n=27). El tipo de dispositivo más utilizado fue GTT (n=20). No hubo complicaciones asociadas al uso de SNG. Las complicaciones asociadas al uso de GTT fueron: granuloma periostomal (n=7), neumonía por aspiración (n=3) y retiro accidental (n=1). Del total de pacientes evaluados, un 62% presentaba desnutrición calórico-proteica al inicio de la NE versus 30% al último control (p<0,001). Conclusión: El uso de soporte nutricional enteral permite recuperar y/o mantener el estado nutricional de losniños con trastornos de la deglución y alteraciones en la curva del crecimiento, mejora la calidad de vida, y presenta una tasa baja de complicaciones mayores.
Enteral nutrition (EN) is the delivery ofnutrients to the gastrointestinal tract by nasogastric (SNG), nasojejunal (SNY) or gastrostomy (GTT), being the preferred route to fulfill nutritional needs when the oral route is contraindicated or inadequate. Objective: To describe the clinical profile of pediatric patients with home EN and to assess their nutritional status. Subjects and methods: A retrospective analytic study in 37 children from the Pediatric Service Hospital Clinico UC, discharged with enteral nutrition support from April 2010 to April 2011. Results: The main indication to use EN was swallowing disorder (n=27). 73% began EN before one year of life. GTT was the principal route to EN (n=20). There were no complications associated to NGT or OGT. The reported complications associated with GTT were periosteal granuloma (n=7), aspiration pneumonia (n=3) and accidental removal (n=1). 62% ofpatients had protein-calorie malnutrition (z-score W/H) at baseline vs. 30% at the last control (p<0,001). Conclusion: The use of enteral nutrition allows to restore and/ or to maintain nutritional status in children with swallowing disorder or undernutrition. This feeding procedure also improves the quality of life and promotes a proper development without major complications.
Assuntos
Pediatria , Criança , Estado Nutricional , Nutrição Enteral , Necessidades NutricionaisRESUMO
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is considered as a prediabetic state that occupies a grey area between Diabetes mellitus (DM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). If diabetes is detected at the stage of impaired glucose tolerance, it may be possible to halt the progression to overt diabetes. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and its relation with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and family history of diabetes mellitus in a randomly selected Chennai population of 200 subjects of both sexes as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood glucose concentration, body mass index and waist-hip ratio were measured by approved methods. All the data were statistically analyzed. Prevalence of IGT in this study population is 8.5%. BMI and family history of diabetes showed association with IGT. WHR showed association with IGT in males, but not in females. The prevalence of IGT is similar with differing age groups and sex.