Olhares e abordagens sobre crianças trans / Looks and approaches on trans children / Miradas y enfoques sobre niños(as) trans

Objetivo: conhecer possíveis olhares e abordagens sobre crianças trans. Método: ensaio teórico reflexivo, baseado em levantamento bibliográfico, utilizando-se a combinação de vários descritores: "criança trans", "transexualidade infantil", "transexualismo infantil", "criança transexual", "transexualidade na infância" e "universo trans infantil". Resultados: foram encontradas 11 publicações entre os anos de 2005 e 2018, indicando recente interesse investigativo sobre a temática. Com base no material, foram construídas três categorias de descrição e análise, com ênfase em estudos sobre transexualidade nas mídias e vivências trans. A patologização desse fenômeno foi pouco exaltada no levantamento. Os dados também apontaram o campo das ciências humanas como mais interessada nessa temática, seguida das ciências da saúde, em que as investigações se sustentam em abordagens qualitativas de pesquisa e, sua maioria, propõe interrelações entre fontes empíricas, bibliográficas e/ou documentais. Conclusão: além da pouca produção sobre a temática nas mais diversas áreas pesquisadas, os estudos predominantemente ressaltam as memórias acerca da infância de adultos(as) trans, não se propondo a trabalhar com as crianças no momento em que vivem a construção do gênero.

Objective: to know possible perspectives and approaches made about trans children. Method: reflective theorical essay, based on a bibliographic survey, using the combination of several descriptors: "trans child", "child transsexuality", "child transsexualism", "transsexual child", "childhood transsexuality" and "trans child universe". Results: 11 publications were found between the years 2005 and 2018, indicating recent investigative interest on the subject. Based on the material, three categories of description and analysis were built with emphasis on studies on transsexuality in the media and trans experiences. The pathologization of this phenomenon was little exalted in the survey. The data also pointed to the field of the human sciences as more interested in this theme, followed by the health sciences, in which the investigations are based on qualitative research approaches and most of them propose interrelationships between empirical, bibliographical and / or documentary sources. Conclusion: besides the little production on the theme in the most diverse areas researched, the studies predominantly highlight the memories about the childhood of trans adults, not proposing to work with children when they live the construction of gender.

Objetivo: conocer posibles miradas y enfoques sobre niños(as) trans. Método: ensayo teórico reflexivo, basado en encuestas bibliográficas, utilizando la combinación de varios descriptores: "niño trans", "transexualidad infantil", "transexualismo infantil", "transexualidad en la infancia" y "universo trans infantil". Resultados: se encontraron 11 publicaciones entre los años 2005 y 2018, lo que indica un interés de investigación reciente en el tema. Con base en el material, se construyeron tres categorías de descripción y análisis, con énfasis en estudios sobre transexualidad en los medios de comunicación y experiencias trans. La patologización de este fenómeno fue poco exaltada en la encuesta. Los datos también señalaron el campo de las ciencias humanas como más interesado en este tema, seguido por las ciencias de la salud, en el que las investigaciones se basan en enfoques de investigación cualitativa y la mayoría de ellas proponen interrelaciones entre fuentes empíricas, bibliográficas y / o documentales. Conclusión: además de la poca producción sobre el tema en las áreas más diversas investigadas, los estudios destacan predominantemente los recuerdos sobre la infancia de los adultos trans, no proponen trabajar con niños cuando viven la construcción del género.

Validación de material educativo del programa "Niñ@s en Movimiento" para el tratamiento de la obesidad infantil / Validation of educational material of the "Niñ@s en Movimiento" program for the treatment of childhood obesity / Avaliação de material educativo do programa "Menin@s em Movimento" para o tratamento do sobrepeso infantil

Resumen Objetivo: Validar, en un contexto colombiano, el contenido de la primera cartilla del programa "Niñ@s en Movimiento" (diseñada en España), dirigida a padres o cuidadores, y a los niños que padecen sobrepeso u obesidad, disponible en internet con acceso libre. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa. Tras el proceso de selección, participaron 14 niños con sobrepeso y sus padres o cuidadores, del Colegio Básico "Camino de Paz" de Medellín. Para la clasificación de los datos antropométricos se utilizó el programa de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para la validación de la cartilla se elaboró una guía de preguntas y se realizaron grupos focales; se usaron los criterios de atractividad, entendimiento, identificación, aceptación e inducción a la acción. Los datos se analizaron mediante el software spss® versión 21.0, y un protocolo de análisis de datos. Resultados: En la sección "La importancia del desayuno", del material educativo, algunos padres o cuidadores manifestaron que es necesario indicar la forma adecuada para preparar los alimentos, en qué condiciones y qué cantidad deben servirles a sus hijos, lo cual no es claro en la cartilla. Respecto a los niños, en las secciones "Mis desayunos" y "Clasificación de los alimentos" se encontró que las palabras técnicas dificultan la comprensión; además, al hablar de la clasificación de alimentos, algunos no los han visto ni consumido. En la evaluación de los criterios por parte del padre o cuidador, el entendimiento fue mal calificado, porque no son claros algunos términos; los niños también calificaron negativamente este criterio, por la dificultad para entender vocabulario desconocido debido a su contexto extranjero. Conclusiones: El desayuno, aunque es un hábito establecido, puede mejorar; sin embargo, las orientaciones de la cartilla tendrían que adaptarse al lenguaje y a la cultura alimentaria local, para que las recomendaciones mejoren la aplicabilidad de este recurso educativo.

Abstract Objective: To validate the content of the first booklet "Niñ@s en Movimiento" (designed in Spain), in the Colombian setting, targeting parents or caretakers, and overweight or obese chil dren, which is available free online. Methodology: Qualitati ve research. After a selection process, 14 overweight children and their parents or caretakers were selected to participate. The children were students at the Colegio Básico "Camino de Paz" School in Medellin. To classify anthropometric data, the study used the World Health Organization program. To validate the booklet, a question guideline was drawn up and focus groups were held. The criteria used included attraction, comprehen sion, identification, acceptance and induction to action. Data were analyzed using the SPSS® software Version 21.0, and a data analysis protocol. Results: In the section "the impor tance of breakfast", in the educational material, some parents or caretakers stated that it is necessary to indicate an adequa te way to prepare food, how to serve it and the amounts that they should their children, which is not clear in the booklet. Regarding the children, in the sections "my breakfasts" and "food classification", there were technical words that compli cated comprehension. Furthermore, when talking about food classification, there are foods they have not seen nor eaten. In the parent or caretaker criteria evaluation, comprehension was poorly scored, as some of the terms were not clear. The children also ranked negatively this criterion. Vocabulary was difficult to understand because it had a foreign context. Con clusions: Breakfast, although an established habit, can impro ve; nevertheless, the guidelines of the booklet would have to be adapted to local language and food culture so that these recommendations may improve the applicability of this edu cational resource.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar, num âmbito colombiano, o conteúdo da primeira apostilha do programa "Menin@s em Movimento" (desenhada na Espanha), voltada aos pães ou cuidadores, e aos meninos que padecem sobrepeso ou obesidade, disponível na internet com ingresso libre. Metodologia: Investigação qua litativa. Trás o processo de escolha, participaram 14 meninos com sobrepeso e os seus pães ou cuidadores, da Escola Básica "Caminho de Paz" do Medellín. Para a classificação dos da dos antropométricos se utilizou o programa da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para a avaliação da apostilha se elaborou uma guia de perguntas e se realizaram grupos focais; se usaram os critérios de atratividade, entendimento, identificação, acei tação e indução pra ação. Os dados se analisaram mediante o software SPSS® versão 21.0, e um protocolo de análises de dados. Resultantes: Na seção "A importância do dejejum", do material educativo, alguns pães ou cuidadores manifestaram que é quesito indicar o jeito mais pertinente na preparação dos alimentos, em que condições e qual quantidade devem servir-lhes aos seus filhos, o qual não apresenta clareza na cartilha. Aludindo aos meninos, nas secções "Meus cafés da manhã" e "Classificação dos alimentos" se encontrou que as expressões técnicas dificultam a compreensão; além disso, ao mencionar a classificação dos alimentos, alguns nem os conhecem nem consumiram jamais. Na avaliação dos critérios por parte do pai ou cuidador, ou entendimento foi mal qualificado, porque não são simples alguns termos; os meninos também qualificaram negativamente este critério, pela dificuldade para compreender glossário desconhecido devido ao seu contexto estrangeiro. Conclusões: O dejejum, ainda que é um hábito estabelecido, pode melhorar; contudo, as dicas do caderno teriam que se customizar com a linguajem e as tradições alimentares locais, para que as recomendações melhorem a aplicabilidade de este recurso educativo.

National Institute of Nutrition: 100 years of empowering the nation through nutrition

The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) has reached a remarkable milestone of completing 100 years of exemplary service to the nation. The long journey that started in a humble one-room laboratory at Coonoor (now in Tamil Nadu) in 1918 to a colossus of the nutrition research in the country today is dotted with several interesting vignettes. The NIN has always been at the forefront of need-based, pragmatic research. Its large-scale community-based interventions have been of great practical value in the nation's fight against malnutrition. The evolution of nutrition as a modern science almost coincides with the growth of the Institute. Being the oldest in the fraternity of institutes under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the NIN has grown from strength to strength due to the sheer relevance of its contributions in furthering nutrition science and promoting public health in the country. This article provides a historical overview of the evolution and contributions of ICMR-NIN in the areas of nutrition, food safety, public health and policy.

Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes growth and extracellular matrix synthesis in degenerative human lumbar nucleus pulposus cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To explore the role of ginsenoside Rg1 in the growth of degenerative human lumbar nucleus pulposus cells(HNPCs).METHODS:Cultured HNPCs were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)to mimic the micro-environment of degenerative HNPCs.The morphological changes of the cells in control group and OGD group were observed under optical microscope.The cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg 1 at concentrations of 25,50 and 100 μmol/L.The expression of collagen II and aggrecan at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real -time PCR and Western blot analysis.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The mRNA level of Ki67 was detected by real-time PCR.The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.The activity of caspase-3 was measured by a caspase-3 kit.The ex-pression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins was determined by Western blot.Furthermore,the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins,the cell viability and apoptosis,and the expression of extracellular matrix synthesis pro-teins were assessed after the cells were co-treated with LiCl and 100 μmol/L ginsenoside Rg1.RESULTS:Normal HNPCs attached on the cell culture plate faster, and were almost round with rich cytoplasm.However, the cell adherence was slower,and the cells were long fusiform with decreased cytoplasm after OGD treatment,indicating that the model of degen-erative HNPCs was successfully established.Compared with normal HNPCs,the expression of collagen II and aggrecan at mRNA and protein levels was decreased in OGD group(P<0.05),which was then increased after the cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 at 25,50 and 100 μmol/L(P<0.05).Compared with normal HNPCs,the cell viability and Ki67 expression were decreased in OGD group(P<0.05), which were increased after treatment with ginsenoside Rg 1(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity were significantly increased in OGD-treated cells(P<0.05), which were decreased after treatment with ginsenoside Rg 1(P<0.05).In addition,the activation of Wnt/β-catenin path-way was also inhibited by ginsenoside Rg 1 treatment at dose of 100 μmol/L(P<0.05).LiCl,a Wnt/β-catenin pathway agonist,obviously decreased the protective effects of ginenoside Rg 1 on OGD-induced cells(P<0.05),indicating that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was involved in the protective effects of ginenoside Rg 1 on degenerative HNPCs.CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes growth and extracellular matrix synthesis of degenerative HNPCs through inhibiting Wnt /β-cate-nin pathway.This study will provide a new idea for prevention and treatment of degenerative HNPCs.

Protective effect of loganin on podocyte injury induced by advanced glycation end products / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the protective effect of lo-ganin ( an active component in Cornus officinalis ) on podocyte injury induced by advanced glycation end products ( AGEs) and its possible mechanism. Meth-ods Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro and di-vided into Normal group, model group ( AGEs group) , loganin group and aminoguanidine group ( set as posi-tive control) . After being incubated with loganin( final concentrations are 0. 1, 1, 10 μmol · L-1 ) for 1 h, podocytes were stimulated by AGEs of 100 mg · L-1 for 24 h. Then, the cell viability was measured by u-sing MTT method. Podocytes apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst33342/PI staining and flow cytometry. Re-ceptors of advanced glycation end products ( RAGE ) ,desmin and apoptosis-related protein like Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 in podocytes were detected by Western blot. Results Loganin ameliorated podocyte injury induced by AGEs, down-regulated the expression of desmin and RAGE. Loganin also reduced the apoptotic rate of podocytes and decreased the ratio of Bax/ Bcl-2 and the expression of pro-apoptotic protein cleaved caspase-3 in podocytes. Conclusion Loganin could ameliorate podocyte injury, and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of the expression of RAGE and inhibition of the apoptotic pathway.

Expression of NOB1 in liver cancer tissues and its significance / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo measure the expression of NOB1 in liver cancer tissues, and to investigate the relationship between NOB1 and clinicopathological features of liver cancer. MethodsA total of 48 liver cancer samples were collected from the patients who underwent liver cancer surgery in our hospital from February 2011 to May 2015, and 22 samples of cirrhotic liver tissues and 22 samples of normal liver tissues were collected as controls. The immunohistochemical SP method was used to measure the expression of NOB1 in different tissues, and the relationship between the expression of NOB1 and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The chi-square test was applied for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsThe expression of NOB1 in liver cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in cirrhotic liver tissues and normal liver tissues (72.9% vs 36.4%/31.8%; P=0.004 and 0.001), while the expression of NOB1 showed no significant difference between cirrhotic liver tissues and normal liver tissues (P＞0.05). The patients with a tumor diameter of ＞5 cm had a significantly higher positive rate of NOB1 than those with a tumor diameter of ≤5 cm (χ2=4.355, P=0.037), and the patients with Edmondson grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ tumor had a significantly higher positive rate of NOB1 than those with Edmondson grade Ⅰ/Ⅱ tumor (χ2=5.127, P=0.024). The expression of NOB1 in liver cancer tissues was not correlated with age, sex, presence or absence of microvascular invasion, presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, and clinical TNM stage (all P＞0.05). ConclusionNOB1 is highly expressed in liver cancer tissues. The expression of NOB1 is closely related to tumor size and Edmondson grade, and can be used as an important tumor marker for liver cancer.

Protective effect of loganin and morroniside on HUVEC injury induced by advanced glycation end products / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the protective mechanism of loganinand morroniside ( active components in Cornus officinalis) on HUVEC injury induced by advanced glycation end products ( AGEs ) .Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro and divided into control group , model group ( AGEs group ) , loganin group , morroni-side group and aminoguanidine group ( set as positive control).After being incubated with loganin and mor-roniside( final concentrations were 100,10,1 μmol?L-1 ) for 1 h, HUVECs were stimulated by AGEs of 200 mg? L-1 for 24 h.Then, the cell viability was measured by using MTT method .The supernatant was extracted and the levels of NO ,ET-1,MCP-1,VCAM-1 were measured by the corresponding kits .Receptors of advanced glycation end products ( RAGE ) and NF-κB in HUVEC were detected by Western blot .Results Loganin and morroniside could inhibit HUVEC injury induced by AGEs .In model group ,the contents of ET-1,MCP-1,VCAM-1 increased(P<0.01),the content of NO decreased ( P <0.01 ) and the expression of RAGE and NF-κB increased(P<0.01); however,lo-ganin and morronside could reduce the ET-1,MCP-1, VCAM-1contents,increase the NO content and down-regulate the expression of RAGE and NF-κB to differ-ent extents .Conclusion Loganin and morroniside could ameliorate HUVEC injury , and its mechanism may be related to inhibit inflammation , the improve-ment of endothelial cell function , and the decrease of the expression of RAGE .

Diagnostic value of serum IMA,Lp-PLA2 and cTnI in acute coronary syndrome / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of serum ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) ,lipoprotein‐associated phos‐pholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) .Methods The levels of serum IMA , Lp‐PLA2 and cTnI were detected in 138 cases of ACS ,including 79 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ,59 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) ,and the detection results were compared with those in 50 individuals undergoing physical examination(con‐trol group) .The levels of serum IMA ,Lp‐PLA2 and cTnI were compared among various groups .The receiver characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of IMA ,Lp‐PLA2 and cTnI in ACS .Results The levels of serum IMA ,Lp‐PLA2 and cTnI in patients with UAP and AMI were higher than those in the healthy control group ,and there was statistical differ‐ence between them(t=7 .286 ,8 .589 ,8 .952 ,P<0 .01) .Comparing with the UAP group ,the levels of serum IMA ,Lp‐PLA2 and cTnI in the AMI group were significantly increased(t=4 .063 ,5 .987 ,2 .062 ,P<0 .05) .In the ROC curve analysis ,the area under ROC curve (AUC) of IMA ,Lp‐PLA2 and cTnI were 0 .821 ,0 .843 and 0 .852 respectively .Conclusion The levels of serum IMA , Lp‐PLA2 and cTnI can be used for monitoring and early diagnosis of ACS .

Inhibitory effect of gossypol on migration of gastric carcinoma cell lines through Akt/β-catenin passway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effects of gossypol on migration in gastric carcinoma cell lines and its mechanisms. Methods Gastric carcinoma cells were treated with gossypol at different concentra-tions. The effects of gossypol on cells proliferation were measured using the MTT assay. The migration of gas-tric carcinoma cells was detected by transwell assay. The activation of Akt/β-catenin pathway and the ex-pressions of pathway related proteins ( p-Akt,β-cate-nin, cyclin D1, MMP-2, E-cadherin and vimentin ) were detected by Western blot. Results Gossypol treatment could significantly inhibit the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Transwell assay showed that the migration ability of gastric carcinoma cells was significantly decreased. The inhibitory effect of gossypol on cells migration was more significant than the effect of gossypol on cells prolifera-tion. Compared with the control group, treatment with gossypol significantly suppressed the expressions of p-Akt,β-catenin, cyclin D1, MMP-2 and vimentin pro-tein, whereas the expression of E-cadherin was signifi-cantly up-regulated in gastric carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These results demonstrate that gossypol represses cell migration of gastric carcinoma cells through the down-regulation of the activity of Akt/β-catenin pathway.

Observation of the effect and the influence on PCT,CRP in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation pulmonary disease by Budesonide and ipratropium bromide / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effect and the influence on PCT,CRP in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation pulmonary disease by Budesonide and ipratropium bromide.Methods 80 patients with acute exacerbation pulmonary disease were randomly divided into 40 cases of the control group and 40 cases of the observa-tion group,the two groups were given routine treatment,the control group then had been given ipratropium bromide for 7d,and the observation group had been given Budesonide and ipratropium bromide for 7d,the blood gas indicators (PaO2 ,PCO2 ),pulmonary function (FEV1 ,PEF,FEV1 /FVC),dyspnoea and exercise tolerance score,serum PCT levels,serum CRP levels and clinical efficacy were compared,Adverse reactions were recorded.Results (1 )the PaO2 ,FEV1 ,PEF,FEV1 /FVC of the observation group and the control group after treatment were (70.7 ±2.3)mmHg and (62.5 ±3.0)mmHg,(2.15 ±0.63)L and (1.76 ±0.56)L,(3.49 ±0.82)L/s and (3.06 ±0.75)L/s, (68.52 ±6.53)% and (60.14 ±6.03)%,These indicators were significantly higher than those before treatment,all P <0.05,the PCO2 ,PCT,CRP were (51.4 ±1.7)mmHg and (56.6 ±2.3)mmHg,(1.75 ±1.20)μg/L and (2.58 ± 1.17)μg/L,(10.25 ±6.77)mg/L and (19.07 ±5.75)mg/L,These indicators were significantly lower than those before treatment,all P <0.05,the PaO2 ,FEV1 ,PEF,FEV1 /FVC of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group,the PCO2 ,PCT,CRP were significantly lower than those of the control group,all P <0.05;(2)The dyspnoea and exercise tolerance score of the observation group and the control group after treatment was significantly lower than those before treatment,the dyspnoea and exercise tolerance score of the observation group was significantly lower than those of the control group;(3)The clinical total effective rate of the observation group was 90%,which was higher than 65% of the control group(χ2 =7.312,P <0.05).Conclusion The method containing Budesonide and ipratropium bromide Inhalation has exact effect,and can effectively improve respiratory function, which is an effective treatment of choice for acute exacerbation of COPD.

The clinical significance of plasma LP (a),Hcy,hs-CRP and cTnI concentrations determination in patients with acute myocardial infraction / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of plasma LP (a) ,Hcy ,hs-CRP and cTnI concentrations in patients with AMI .Methods Plasma LP(a) ,Hcy ,hs-CRP and cTnI concentrations of 162 patients with AMI and 165 healthy people recrui-ted as control group were determined .Immunofluorescent dry quantitative method and electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay were used in the determination ,and statistical analysis were used in data comparison .Results Before treatment ,the plasma LP(a) , Hcy ,hs-CRP and cTnI concentrations in 162 AMI patients were significantly higher than those in control group (P0 .05) ,but the plasma cTnI concentrations significantly decreased (t=3 .322 ,P<0 .01) .The plasma Hcy ,hs-CRP and cTnI concentrations in 36 died patients were significantly higher(P<0 .01) .Conclusion Plasma LP(a) ,Hcy ,hs-CRP and cTnI determination were valuable for the diagno-sis of AMI patients ,the most valuable indicators for patient prognosis and follow-up were plasma hs-CRP and cTnI .

HPLC determination of four active components in Ganmao Soft Capsule / 中成药

AIM: To establish the methods for determining ephedrina hydrochloridum,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,puerarin,baicalin in Ganmao Soft Capsule (Herba Ephedrae,Radix Puerariae lobatae,Radix Scutellariae,Ramulus Cinnamomi,Radix Angelicae sinensis,Radix Angelicae dahuricae,etc.) METHODS: Part 1(determination of ephedrina hydrochloridum and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride):The HPLC was carried out on kromasilTMC18 column(4.6 mm ? 250 mm,5 ?m) with acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L phosphoric acid solution(pH2.7)-triethylamine(2 ∶ 98 ∶ 0.1)as mobile phase,gradient elution.The detection wavelength was set at 207 nm.Part 2(determination of pueranin and baicalin):The HPLC was carried out on kromasilTMC18 column(4.6 mm ? 150 mm,5 ?m)with acetonitrile-water(11 ∶ 89)as mobile phase,gradient elution.The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm.RESULTS: The average recoveries were 99.96% with RSD 1.25% ,98.41% with RSD 1.46% ,98.67% with RSD 0.91% ,99.30% with RSD 0.88% ,respectively.CONCLUSION: The assay results demonstrate that the methods are simple,accurate and reproducible for quantification of four active components in Ganmao Soft Capsule.