Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Shengmaisan Granules in Inhibiting Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure with Qi-Yin Deficiency Syndrome Based on CMR / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Shengmaisan granules on myocardial fibrosis in chronic heart failure patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome by cardiac magnetic resonance （CMR） imaging and serological indicators. MethodSixty-six chronic heart failure patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine， Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from October 2021 to January 2023 were selected. The patients were assigned into a control group （33 cases） and an observation group （33 cases） by the minimization random method. Both groups received standardized Western medicine treatment for heart failure. In addition， the control group was treated with placebo granules， and the observation group with Shengmaisan granules for a course of 6 months. The baseline data， clinical efficacy， TCM symptom scores， serological indicators ［high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein （sST2）， pro-collagen Ⅲ N-terminal peptide （PⅢNP）， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-11， transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）］， echocardiography ［Left atrial diameter （LAD）， left ventricular end systolic diameter （LVEDs）， left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDd）］ and CMR indicators ［left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， myocardial extracellular volume fraction （ECV）， and longitudinal relaxation time （T1）］ were compared between the two groups. ResultFinally， 31 patients in the control group and 30 patients in the observation group were included. There was no significant difference in baseline data or indicators between the two groups before treatment. Compared with those before treatment， the scores of TCM symptoms （shortness of breath， fatigue， palpitations， spontaneous or night sweats， thirst/dry throat， feverish feeling in palms and soles， and edema in lower limbs）， total score of TCM symptoms， ECV， T1， inflammation/fibrosis indicators （hs-CRP， sST2， PⅢNP， IL-6， IL-11， and TGF-β1） in observation group decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the scores of TCM symptoms （except feverish feeling in palms and soles）， T1， and inflammation/fibrosis indicators in the control group decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， the observation group had lower scores of TCM symptoms （except feverish feeling in palms and soles and edema in lower limbs）， ECV， T1， and inflammation/fibrosis indicators than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， the total response rate in the observation group was 93.33% （28/30）， which was higher than that （80.65%， 25/31） in the control group （Z=2.976， P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment. ConclusionFor patients with chronic heart failure with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome， Shengmaisan Granules can alleviate the TCM symptoms， reduce inflammation， and inhibit myocardial fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β1/IL-11 signaling axis.

Significado del proceso atención de enfermería desde el cotidiano de enseñanza de los profesores / Meaning of the nursing care process from the teacher´s educational everyday

Introducción: El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) constituye la herramienta metodológica de cuidado; su enseñanza y aplicación en los campos educativo y laboral requiere una formación teórico-práctica, crítica y reflexiva que posibilite al estudiante y profesional otorgar un cuidado autónomo y delimitado, confiriéndole identidad y liderazgo. Resulta pertinente comprender el importante significado de su enseñanza a la luz del concepto de cotidianidad propuesto por Henri Lefebvre. Objetivo: Analizar el significado del PAE desde la enseñanza cotidiana de los profesores de enfermería. Métodos: Fue realizado un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo a diecisiete docentes enfermeras(os) con estudios de licenciatura y posgrado en instituciones educativas de la UNAM. Se recolectó información a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad, y se llevó a cabo un análisis temático del discurso para estudiar los datos. El trabajo se apegó a criterios de ética, rigor científico y consentimiento informado. Resultados parciales / discusión: 1a Categoría: enseñanza simbólico-verbalística. 2a Categoría: enseñanza desvinculada de un marco teórico-disciplinario, en este aspecto se concuerda con Abascal R. acerca de la necesidad de asentar la enseñanza del PAE sobre bases filosóficas y éticas, y no sólo como etapas; asimismo se coincide con Souza, pues enfatiza que, para llevar a cabo un PAE eficiente, se requiere de una teoría de enfermería. Conclusiones: La enseñanza del PAE requiere por parte de los docentes identidad, conocimiento teórico-disciplinar y experiencia en su aplicación, para proyectarla como una herramienta metodológica del cuidado de enfermería y así otorgar un cuidado profesional delimitado y autónomo.

Introduction. The Nursing Process (NP) constitutes the methodological tool of care; its teaching and application in educational and professional fields requires a theoretical-practical, critical and reflective training that enables the student and practitioners to grant autonomous and delimited care, conferring identity and leadership. It is relevant to understand the importance of the NP teaching according to everyday life concept proposed by Henri Lefebvre. Goal: To analyze the meaning of the NP from the daily teaching of nursing professors' perspective. Methods: A descriptive and qualitative study was carried out to 17 nurse professors with undergraduate and postgraduate studies at UNAM. Information was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and a thematic discourse analysis was made in order to study the obtained data. The work adhered to criteria of ethics, scientific rigor and informed consent. Partial results / discussion: 1st Category: Symbolic and verbal teaching. 2nd Category: Teaching unrelated to theoretical-disciplinary framework; which coincides with Abascal R about the need to base the NP teaching on philosophical and ethical principles, instead of stages; it also agrees with Souza, since he emphasizes that a nursing theory is required to carry out an efficient NP. Conclusions: Teaching of the NP requires identity, disciplinary-theoretical knowledge and practical experience from teachers, in order to constitute a methodological tool of nursing care and to provide delimited and autonomous professional care.

Effects of arctiin relieving inflammatory injury of human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells induced by lipopolysac- charide / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of arctiin （ARC）relieving lipopolysaccharide （LPS）induced inflammatory injury of human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells NP- 69. METHODS The effects of 24 h treatment of 0.000 1，0.001，0.01，0.1， 1.0，10 μmol/L ARC on the proliferation of NP-69 were determined by MTS method. After 0.01，0.1，and 1.0 μmol/L ARC was applied to NP- 69 for 24 h and NP- 69 was pre-treated with 0.01，0.1 and 1.0 μmol/L ARC for 24 h，and then stimulated with 1.0 μg/mL LPS for 24 h，scratch tests were used to detect cell migration in both experiments. LPS stimulated NP- 69 to establish an inflammation injury model. The levels of nitric oxide （NO），tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α）interleukin-6（IL-6），and IL- 1β in cell supernatants were detected ，and mRNA and protein expression of zonula oecludens protein 1（ZO-1），β-defensin 3（BD3）， Janus kinase 1 （JAK1），signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） in cell supernatant were also detected. RESULTS Compared with normal group ，0.000 1，0.001，0.01，0.1，1.0，10 μmol/L ARC had no effect on the proliferation of NP-69 after 24 h treatment （P＞0.05）. ARC （0.1，1.0 μmol/L）could significantly promote the rate of cell migration （P＜0.05）. For the inflammatory injure of NP- 69 cells stimulated by LPS ，ARC（1.0 μmol/L）could significantly reduce the release of NO ， TNF-α and IL-6（P＜0.05），significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of ZO- 1 and BD 3 but decreased mRNA and protein expression of STAT 3（P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ARC has the effect of reducing the inflammatory injury of NP-69 cells induced by LPS ，promoting the physical and immune defense ability of the nasal mucosa epithelial barrierunder inflammatory environment. The mechanism of action may be related to inhibiting IL- 6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Determination of Nonylphenol and Its Ethoxylates by HPLC 1100 in Water Environment of Taiyuan City

The aim of this work is to study the occurrence of nonylphenol and its ethoxylates in Taiyuan industrial area. The present study has firstly determined best conditions of Nonylphenol and its ethoxylates detection by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 1100 series, variating solvent, mobile phase and flow: rate. These conditions let secondly the concentration determination of these pollutants in water media. Samples were collected from surface and groundwater in the industrial area of Taiyuan city (Shanxi province). Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEOs) detection was better when solvent and Mobile phase were 2-propanol and Flow rate at 0.1 ml/min. Concentrations of Nonylphenol (NP) and NPEOs found in rivers and wastewaters collectors ranged from 80 to 933 µg/L and 38 to 743 µg/L respectively, while for groundwater, concentrations ranged from 24.6 to 151 µg/L and from 20 to 274 µg/L. These high concentrations found both in surface and groundwater, represent a risk of exposition to endocrine disruptors for humans and aquatic species. Actions should be taken to avoid or reduce the use of those compounds, or industries should apply some treatment before release their wastewater into environment. Attention should be paid especially to groundwater in case of human consumption. Introduction to groundwater way and degradation pathways from surface water to groundwater need to further study.

Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick en una escolar / Niemann-Pick Disease in a scholar girl

Introducción: La enfermedad de Niemann-Pick tipo C es una enfermedad poco frecuente, autosómica recesiva, caracterizada por el depósito de lípidos a nivel lisosomal, que, a pesar de ser tratable, es mortal en todos los casos y representa una importante carga para los pacientes y sus familias. Objetivo: Contribuir al conocimiento de esta rara enfermedad neurovisceral progresiva de curso fatal. Presentación del caso: Se trata de una niña de 7 años de edad, que a los 2 años asistió a consulta por trastornos de la marcha, con deterioro progresivo de esta, así como del lenguaje y el comienzo de crisis epilépticas. Evolutivamente presentó cataplejías gelásticas, paresia de la mirada vertical y esplenomegalia. Estos elementos clínicos evolutivos fueron lo suficientemente distintivos para orientar la sospecha clínica y las investigaciones necesarias para llegar al diagnóstico definitivo de la enfermedad. Con la confirmación de que se trataba de la enfermedad de Niemann-Pick tipo C, se comenzó tratamiento con miglustad a dosis de 100 mg dos veces al día. Conclusiones: El deterioro neurológico progresivo, la cataplejía gelástica, la paresia de la mirada vertical y la esplenomegalia, unido a los resultados del medulograma y el estudio genético permitieron el diagnóstico de esta entidad(AU)

Introduction: Niemann-Pick type C disease is a non-frequent, recessive autosomal one, which is characterized by lipids deposit in the lysosomal level. Although this disease is treatable, it is fatal in all the cases and it represents a important burden to patients and their families. Objective: To contribute to the knowledge on this rare, progressive neurovisceral disease with fatal evolution. Case presentation: Seven- years- old girl, whom at two years old attended to a consultation for walk disorders presenting a progressive worsening of it, as well of the speech, and also presented an onset of epileptic crisis. In the evolution she presented gelastic cataplexy, vertical look´s paresia and splenomegaly. These clinical evolutive elements were sufficiently distinctive to indicate the clinical suspicion and the necessary research to reach its definitive diagnostic. With the confirmation of Niemann-Pick type C disease, miglustad was used as treatment with a dose of 100 mg twice in the day. Conclusions: Progressive neurological worsening, gelastic cataplexy, vertical look´s paresia and splenomegaly joined with the results of a medulogram and the genetic study permitted this disease to be identified(AU)

Prevalence of ‘Superbugs’, the Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative Organisms in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has beena recognized reality almost since the dawn of the antibioticera, but only within the past twenty years has the emergenceof dangerous, resistant strains occurred with a disturbingregularity. Objective: Prevalence of carbapenem resistantGram negative organisms in a tertiary care hospital of NorthIndia.Material and methods: Various clinical specimens collectedfrom indoor and OPD were processed. Identification of theGram negative organisms and carbapenem resistance wasdone by standard bacteriological techniques. All isolates weredetected for carbapenemase production by Carba NP test.Results: Out of 1670 samples, 935 (55.99%) were found to beculture positive of which 485 (51.87%) were Gram negativebacteria. The prevalence of carbapenemase producing Gramnegative bacteria was 58 (11.96%).Conclusion: Determing carbapenem resistance pattern andconfirmation of carbapenemase production can improviseupon the usage of antimicrobials which will further help inreducing the burden of antimicrobial resistance.

Molecular epidemiology & therapeutic options of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

Background & objectives: The growing incidence and the wide diversity of carbapenemase-producing bacterial strains is a major concern as only a few antimicrobial agents are active on carbapenem-resistant bacteria. This study was designed to study molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) isolates from the community and hospital settings. Methods: In this study, non-duplicate GNB were isolated from clinical specimens, and phenotypic test such as modified Hodge test, metallo ?-lactamase E-strip test, etc. were performed on carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Multiplex PCR was performed to identify the presence of blaIMP, blaVIM, blaKPC, blaOXA48, blaOXA23, blaSPM, blaGIM, blaSIM and blaNDM. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin, fosfomycin, minocycline, chloramphenicol and tigecycline was also determined. Results: Of the 3414 GNB studied, carbapenem resistance was 9.20 per cent and maximum resistance (11.2%) was present at tertiary care centre, followed by secondary care (4%) and primary centre (2.1%). Among the carbapenem-resistant bacteria, overall, the most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%). On multiplex PCR 90.3 per cent carbapenem-resistant isolates were positive for carbapenemase gene. The blaNDM(63%) was the most prevalent gene followed by blaVIM(18.4%). MIC results showed that 88 per cent carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were sensitive to fosfomycin, whereas 78 per cent of P. aeruginosa and 85 per cent Acinetobacter spp. were sensitive to colistin. Interpretation & conclusions: Carbapenem resistance in GNB isolates from the community and hospital settings was found to be on the rise and should be closely monitored. In the absence of new antibiotics in pipeline and limited therapeutic options, prudent use of antibiotics and strict infection control practices should be followed in hospital to limit the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Serum Procollagen Type I N-Terminal Propeptide and Osteocalcin Levels in Korean Children and Adolescents

PURPOSE: Bone markers can be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases in children and adolescents. Owing to high skeletal growth velocity and rapid bone turnover, children and adolescents have higher bone marker levels than adults. Thus, a valid age- and sex-specific reference should be established for pediatric populations living in similar environments. We aimed to assess the associations of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and osteocalcin with age and sex in a group of healthy Korean children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants (290 boys and 290 girls, age range 0–18 years) were Korean outpatients. Serum P1NP and osteocalcin levels were measured in control materials and patient samples by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using an automated Cobas e411 analyzer. RESULTS: Significant age-dependent variations in bone marker levels were observed in both sexes (p<0.001). The highest P1NP levels were observed during the first year of life; thereafter, levels decreased until puberty. There was no postnatal peak for osteocalcin; however, its levels remained higher than the adult reference range throughout childhood. Significant differences were observed between boys and girls (p<0.05), especially between the ages of 12 and 17 years. Cobas e411 results for P1NP showed satisfactory precision and linearity. CONCLUSION: We established reference data for P1NP and osteocalcin levels in healthy Korean children and adolescents, as the first and only study of these parameters in pre-adulthood in Korea. Cobas e411-quantified bone markers may be useful for determining bone metabolism indices.

Performance of rapid tests for carbapenemase detection among Brazilian Enterobacteriaceae isolates

ABSTRACT The global emergence of carbapenemases led to the need of developing new methods for their rapid detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the rapid tests for carbapenemase-producing and non-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenem non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae from a surveillance study submitted to a multiplex real time PCR for carbapenemase detection were included in this study. The isolates were subjected to the rapid phenotypic tests Carba NP, Blue-Carba and Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM). A total of 83 carbapenemase-producing (43) and non-producing (40) isolates were included in the study. The sensitivity/specificity were 62.7%/97.5%, 95.3%/100%, and 74.4%/97.5% for Carba NP, Blue-Carba and CIM, respectively. Both Carba NP and Blue-Carba presented their final results after 75 min of incubation; the final results for CIM were obtained only after 8 h. Failure to detect OXA-370 carbapenemase was the main problem for Carba NP and CIM assays. As the Blue-Carba presented the highest sensitivity, it can be considered the best screening test. Conversely, CIM might be the easiest to perform, as it does not require special reagents. The early detection of carbapenemases aids to establish infection control measures and prevent carbapenemases to spread reducing the risk of healthcare associated infections and therapeutic failure.

Antigenic and immunogenic properties of the canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli employing codon optimized synthetic gene / Propriedades antigênicas e imunogênicas da proteína do nucleocapsídeo do virus da cinomose canina expressa em Escherichia coli empregando gene sintético com codons otimizados

Despite common occurrence and importance of canine distemper disease the majority of tests currently available for diagnosis are hampered by either low sensitivity or specificity. In this study it was evaluated antigenic and immunogenic characteristics of a conserved region of nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus (rCDV NP) expressed in Escherichia coli employing a codon optimized synthetic gene. The expression of rCDVNP in Star strain (mean 300μg/mL, purified) was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis by using His-Tag monoclonal antibodies. Western blot and ELISA, employing positive and negative control dog sera, demonstrated the rCDVNP antigenicity. The rCDVNP was inoculated in hens and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) was purified from the egg yolk. The mean yield of IgY was 28.55mg/mL. IgY reacted with the recombinant protein as demonstrated by Western blot and ELISA assays. In summary, our findings demonstrated that rCDVNP is antigenic since CDV positive dog sera recognized the protein in vitro. Additionally, the rCDVNP proved to be immunogenic in hens being possible to isolate a high concentration of specific IgY antibodies from the egg yolk. Taken together, these results indicate that the rCDVNP along with the specific IgY could be useful tools for development of the canine distemper immunodiagnostic assays.(AU)

Apesar da ocorrência comum e importância da cinomose canina, a maioria dos testes atualmente disponíveis para diagnóstico são prejudicados pela baixa sensibilidade ou especificidade. Neste estudo foram avaliadas características antigênicas e imunogênicas de uma região conservada da proteína do nucleocapsídeo do virus da cinomose canina (rCDV NP) expressa em Escherichia coli empregando um gene sintético e codons otimizados. A expressão na cepa Star (média de 300μg/mL, purificada) foi confirmada por SDS-PAGE e Western blot utilizando anticorpos monoclonais anti-His-Tag. A antigenicidade da rCDVNP foi demonstrada por western blot e ELISA empregando soros de cães positivos e negativos. A rCDVNP foi inoculada em galinhas e imunoglobulina Y (gY) foi obtida e purificada a partir da gema. A produção média de IgY foi 28.55mg/mL. Anticorpos IgY reagiram com a proteína recombinante, quando analisados por Western blot e ELISA. Em resumo, nossos achados demonstram que a rCDVNP produzida é antigênica, uma vez que os anticorpos de soro de cães positivos para CDV reconheceram a proteína in vitro. Além disso, a rCDVNP foi imunogênica em galinhas, sendo possível isolar anticorpos IgY específicos a partir da gema do ovo em altas concentrações. Tomados em conjunto, estes resultados indicam que a rCDVNP juntamente com a IgY específica podem ser ferramentas úteis para elaborar ensaios de imunodiagnóstico de cinomose canina.(AU)

Evaluation of two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus diagnosis

To develop the large scale serological assay for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection, we evaluated two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods using nucleocapsid protein (NP) and Gn proteins of CB1 (genotype B) SFTSV strains. The NP-based ELISA tests showed more sensitive with broad cross-reactivity between two different genotype A and B strains compared with those of Gn-based ELISA tests. However, Gn-based ELISA showed more genotype specificity and specificity. These result suggested that NP-based ELISA test could be applicable for general sero-prevalence studies of SFTSV infections, while Gn-based ELISA could be applicable for a certain specific genotype sero-prevalence study.

Study on Carbapenemase Genotype of Imipenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli in Intensive Care Unit of 3 Third Grade Class A Hospitals from Qingdao Area / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To analyze carbapenemases genotype of imipenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in intensive care unit (ICU) of 3 third grade class A hospitals from Qingdao area, so as to provide reference for drug-resistant bacteria infection prevention and treatment in clinic. METHODS: From Jan. 2013 to Jun. 2016, each 60 strains of imipenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (IRKP), imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA) and imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii (IRAB) were collected from 3 third grade class A hospitals from Qingdao area. Drug sensitivity test was performed by using Kirby-Bauer method. Phenotypes of carbapenemases were determined by Carba NP trial. PCR was applied to amplify carbapenemase gene; Sanger seqnencing method was adopted for bi-directional sequencing; Blast comparison with GenBank database was conducted. RESULTS: Three kinds of imipenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli showed high drug resistance to majority commonly used antibiotics as piperacillin, cefazolin, imipenem and cilastatin sodium, gentamicin, etc., but were sensitive to polymyxin B (resistance rate of 0). Among 180 drug-resistant strains, there were 52 strains of class A carbapenems, 13 strains of class B carbapenems and 39 strains of class D carbapenems; the detection rates of them were 28. 89％, 7. 22％ and 21. 67％, respectively. There were 52 strains of KPC-2 gene (IRKP), 4 strains of IMP-1 gene (IRPA), 8 strains of VIM-2 gene (7 strains of IRPA, 1 strain of IRAB), 39 strains of OXA-23 gene (IRAB); the detection rates of them were 28. 89％, 2. 22％, 4. 44％, 21. 67％; all strains were not detected 1MP-2, VIM-1, NDM-1, OXA-24, OXA-58 genes. Results of Blast comparison showed that above detected genes were absolutely homology with the corresponding genes in GenBank database. CONCLUSIONS: Drug resistance of imipenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in ICU of 3 third grade class A hospitals is serious in this region, which are nearly no-sensitive to most of commonly used antibiotics in clinic. Main genotypes included KPC-2 (K. pneumoniae), OXA-23 (A. baumanii) and IMP-1 and VIM-2 (P. aeruginosa).

Parallelizing an Experiment to Decide Shellability on Bipartite Graphs Using Apache Spark / Paralelización de un experimento para determinar la escalonabilidad de grafos bipartitos usando Apache Spark / Paralelização de um experimento para determinar a shellabilidade de grafos bipartidos usando Apache Spark

Abstract Graph shellability is an NP problem whose classification either in P or in NP-complete remains unknown. In order to understand the computational behavior of graph shellability on bipartite graphs, as a particular case, it could be useful to develop an efficient way to generate and analyze results over sets of shellable and non-shellable instances. In this way, a sequentially designed exponential time experiment for deciding shellability on randomly generated instances was proposed in literature. In this work, with the aim of improving the performance of that experiment, we propose three alternative approaches using Apache Spark™, we called multi-core, multi-node and full-parallel. We tested and compared their execution time for bipartite graphs with 10,12,15,20 and 50 vertices with regard to the original version, and we got speedups between 1.37 and 1.67 for the first one, between 2.34 and 3.56 for the second one, and between 2.37 y 3.12 for the last version. The results suggest that parallelization could relieve the large execution times of the original approach.

Resumen La escalonabilidad* de grafos es un problema en NP del que se desconoce su inclusión en las clases de complejidad P o NP-completa. Con el fin de comprender su comportamiento computacional en el caso particular de los grafos bipartitos, podría ser de utilidad disponer de un método eficiente para generar y analizar instancias escalonables. La literatura reporta un experimento secuencial, y de costo exponencial, diseñado para determinar la escalonabilidad de un conjunto de instancias. En el presente trabajo, y con el fin de mejorar el desempeño experimento mencionado, proponemos tres alternativas utilizando Apache Spark: una multinúcleo, otra multinodo y otra completamente paralela. Además, comparamos el tiempo de ejecución de cada una de ellas respecto a la versión original en grafos bipartitos aleatorios con 10,12,15,20 y 50 vértices, y obtuvimos aceleraciones (speedups) entre 1.37 y 1.67 para la versión multinúcleo, entre 2.34 y 3.56 para la versión multinodo, y entre 2.37 y 3.12 para la versión completamente paralela. Los resultados sugieren que la paralelización del experimento podría mitigar los enormes tiempos de ejecución del enfoque original.

Resumo A shellabilidade dos grafos é um problema em NP, do qual é desconhecida sua inclusão nas classes da complexidade P ou NP-completo. A fim de compreender seu comportamento computacional no caso particular dos grafos bipartidos, poderia ser útil ter um método eficiente para gerar e analisar instâncias shellables. A literatura relata um experimento sequencial, e custo exponencial, projetado para determinar a escalabilidade do um conjunto de instâncias. Neste trabalho, e a fim do melhorar o desempenho do experimento mencionado, propomos três alternativas usando Apache Spark: uma multinúcleo, outra multinó e outra completamente paralela. Além disso, nós compararmos o tempo de execução de cada um deles respeito da versão original em grafos bipartidos com 10,12,15,20 e 50 vértices e obtivemos acelerações (speedups) entre 1.37 e 1.67 para a versão Multinúcleo, entre 2.34 e 3.56 para a versão Multinó, e entre 2.37 e 3.12 para a versão completamente paralela. Os resultados sugerem que a paralelização do experimento poderia atenuar os enormes tempos de execução da abordagem original.

Evaluación de test rápidos y diseño de una estrategia para la detección y caracterización de carbapenemasas en cepas de bacilos gramnegativos / Test evaluation and strategy proposal to detect and to characterize carbapenemase-producing gram negative bacilli

Resumen Introducción: La detección de bacilos gramnegativos productores de carbapenemasas es compleja, existiendo actualmente varios test disponibles. La confirmación mediante la caracterización molecular de la enzima no está disponible en todos los laboratorios del país. Objetivo: Plantear una estrategia rápida, eficiente y sencilla para la detección y confirmación de carbapenemasas en cepas de bacilos gramnegativos. Material y Métodos: Se utilizaron 39 aislados productores y ocho no productores de carbapenemasas para evaluar los test fenotípicos Carba NP, CarbAcineto NP, Blue-Carba y validar el test molecular Xpert® Carba-R directo de la colonia en comparación con RPC convencional. Resultados: La sensibilidad para Carba NP, CarbAcineto NP y Blue-Carba fue de 79,5; 87,2 y 84,6%, respectivamente; mientras que la especificidad fue de 100; 100 y 87,5%, respectivamente. La concordancia entre RPC convencional y Xpert® Carba-R fue de 100%. El límite de detección para Xpert® Carba-R fue diferente según el tipo de carbapenemasa: 40,8 ufc/reacción par KPC y NDM y 30,6 ufc/reacción para VIM. Discusión: En aislados con susceptibilidad disminuida a carbapenémicos se propone realizar un tamizaje con CarbAcineto NP, para luego caracterizar la carbapenemasa con Xpert® Carba-R y adoptar las medidas de contención específica: para cada caso.

Introduction: The detection of carbapenemase-producing gram negative bacilli is complicated, because there are available multiple options of test. The confirmation of the enzyme by molecular characterization is not available in all laboratories in our country. Objective: To propose a fast, efficient and simple strategy to detect and confirm CPB. Materials and Methods: 39 CPB isolates and 8 non-producing were used to evaluate the phenotypic test Carba NP, CarbAcineto NP and Blue-Carba, validating the test Xpert® Carba-R, to be used directly with bacterial colonies with conventional PCR. Results: The sensitivity of Carba NP, CarbAcineto NP and Blue-Carba was 79,5; 87,2 y 84,6%, respectively; and specificity was 79.5; 87.2 and 84.6%, respectively. The limit of detection of Xpert® Carba-R was different for each carbapenemasa: 40.8 ufc/reaction to KPC and NDM and 30.6 ufc/reaction to VIM. Discussion: On isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems we propose to use as screening the test CarbAcineto NP, follow by Xpert®Carba-R to characterize the carbapenemase and adopt specific infection control measures.

Development of monoclonal antibodies against nucleoprotein of Newcastle disease virus and establishment of a quantitative double-antibody sandwich ELISA for NDV antigen / 中国人兽共患病学报

We developed the monoclonal antibodies against nucleoprotein (NP) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV),and established a double antibody sandwich ELISA method for quantitative determination of NP antigen of NDV (NDV NP ELISA).The recombination NP protein derived from strain F48E9 of NDV were prepared and used to immunize BLAB/c mice.The mouse splenic cells from immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 cells to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAb).The NDV NP specific mAbs were paired to establish a double antibody sandwich ELISA method.The performance of the NDV NP ELISA was evaluated,including specificity,sensitivity,precision,accuracy and linearity.The correlation between the ELISA and PFU virus titer was analyzed by regression analysis method.Two monoclonal antibodies 3C10 and 4E7 were selected to establish double antibody sandwich ELISA for NP antigen of NDV.The linearity and performance of the NDV NP ELISA was characterized.The detection linearity fell in the range of 0.015-0.250 μg/mL (R2 =0.997 4).The detection limit of the assay was 0.015 μg/mL.The recovery was between 88.4％ and 106.01％;the variation coefficient was below 3.4％.In testing of 50 NDV virus samples,this assay performed well and correlated comparably with PFU virus titer (R2 =0.920 9).The NDV NP ELISA for quantitative detection of NDV is a reliable quantifiable assay for detection of NDV NP protein;it provides a new approach for rapid and quantitative detection of Newcastle disease virus.

Application value of modified rapid Carba NP test for the detection of carbapenemase-producing strains / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of modified rapid Carba NP test for the detection of carbapenemase,and analyze the differences between the modified method and Carba NP test.Methods A total of 264 strains of gram-negative bacillus,including 164 carbapenem-resistant strains and 100 sensitive strains,were collected,and their carbapenemase were detected by Carba NP test and the modified rapid Carba NP test,respectively.The differences between the two tests were evaluated based on PCR as a reference.Results Among 164 carbapenem-resistant strains,carbapenemase gene was detected in 144 strains by PCR.The carbapenemase gene was negative in 100 sensitive strains.Among 164 carbapenem-resistant strains,135 were positive for the Carba NP test,while 130 for the modified rapid Carba NP test.One hundred of sensitive strains were negative for the two Carba NP tests.Compared with the results of PCR,the sensitivity,specificity and Kappa value of the Carba NP test were 91.7％ (132/144),97.5％ (117/120) and 0.886,respectively,while those of the modified rapid Carba NP test were 89.6％ (129/144),99.2％ (119/120) and 0.879,respectively.There was no significant difference in the positive rates between Carba NP test and the modified rapid Carba NP test (x2 =1.45,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The modified rapid Carba NP test which has high consistency with the PCR method,is faster and cheaper than the Carba NP test,and may be applied to epidemiologic survey and the early monitoring of nosocomial infections.

Clinical application of Carba NP test in detecting CRE strains / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the clinical application of Carba NP test in detecting carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.Methods Routine method was adopted to identify the 51 strains from clinical isolates and K-B test was conducted to screen out the carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae and detect antimicrobial susceptibility.E-test was used to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of carbapenems.Modified Hodge test (MHT)and Carba NPⅠ test were used to screen out the phenotypes of carbapenemase,respectively. Then Carba NPⅡ test was used to classify carbapenemase which were positive in Carba NP I test.E-test was used for the detection of metalloenzymes.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)was used for the detection of resistance genes. Results Totally 41 strains were positive in Carba NP 1 test and classified as B-class by Carba NPⅡ test.They were positive in metalloenzyme by E-test and carried NDM-1 gene by PCR.Conclusion Carba NP test can be used conveniently,has high consistency with PCR method,and the result is easy to determine.Therefore,it can be used as a routine laboratory method.

Medicinal plant DNA marker assisted breeding (Ⅱ) the assistant identification of SNPs assisted identification and breeding research of high yield Perilla frutescens new variety / 中国中药杂志

Perilla frutescens is one of 60 kinds of food and medicine plants in the initial directory announced by health ministry of China. With the development of Perilla domain in recent , the breeding and application of good varieties has become the main bottleneck of its development. This study reported that applied to the system selection, add to marker-assisted method to breed perilla varieties. Through the whole genome sequencing and consistency matching, annotated the mutation locus according to genome data, and comparison analysis with Perilla common variants database, finally selected 30 non-synonymous mutation SNPs used as characteristic markers of Zhongyan Feishu No.1. those SNP marker were used as chosen standard of Perilla varieties. Finally breeding new perilla variety Zhongyan Feishu No.1, which possess to characters of the leaf and seed dual-used, high yield, high resistance, and could used to green fertilizer. The Zhongyan Feishu No.1 acquired the plant new varieties identification of Beijing city , the identification numbers is 2016054. Marker assisted identification guide new varieties breeding in plants, which can provide a new reference for breeding of medicinal plants.

Clinical Observation of Cetuximab Combined with NP Regimen and Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Ad-vanced NSCLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of cetuximab combined with NP regimen and radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). METHODS:76 cases of advanced NSCLC were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to different therapy methods,with 38 cases in each group. Control group received NP regimen(cisplatin 25 mg/m2+navelbine 12.5 mg/m2)+thoracic IMRT;observation group was additional-ly given cetuximab 400 mg/m2(first day),with maintenance dose of 250 mg/m2 weekly and last for 13 weeks. Short-term efficacy, survival situation were compared between 2 groups as well as the levels of T lymphocyte,Th1,Th2,immuneglobulin(Ig) and complement. The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:The total effective rate of observation group was 86.84%,which was significantly higher than that of control group(65.79%),with statistical significance(P0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Cetuximab combined with NP regimen and radiotherapy can improve clinical efficacy of advanced NSCLC,improve survival quality,prolong survival time and promote the recovery of Ig,complement and T lymphocyte,with good safety.

siRNAs targeting PB2 and NP genes potentially inhibit replication of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is a threat to animal and public health worldwide. Till date, the H5N1 virus has claimed 402 human lives, with a mortality rate of 58% and has caused the death or culling of millions of poultry since 2003. In this study, we have designed three siRNAs (PB2-2235, PB2-479 and NP-865) targeting PB2 and NP genes of avian influenza virus and evaluated their potential, measured by hemagglutination (HA), plaque reduction and Real time RT-PCR assay, in inhibiting H5N1 virus (A/chicken/Navapur/7972/2006) replication in MDCK cells. The siRNAs caused 8- to 16-fold reduction in virus HA titers at 24 h after challenged with 100TCID50 of virus. Among these siRNAs, PB2-2235 offered the highest inhibition of virus replication with 16-fold reduction in virus HA titer, 80% reduction in viral plaque counts and 94% inhibition in expression of specific RNA at 24 h. The other two siRNAs had 68–73% and 87–88% reduction in viral plaque counts and RNA copy number, respectively. The effect of siRNA on H5N1 virus replication continued till 48h (maximum observation period). These findings suggest that PB2-2235 could efficiently inhibit HPAI H5N1 virus replication.