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OBJECTIVE To analyze the public participation mechanism of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence （NICE） health technology assessment in England and to provide experience for the dynamic adjustment of Chinese medical insurance catalog. METHODS By retrieving related literature and official websites， types and mechanisms of public participation （management organization， selection method， participation mode， evaluation feedback） in NICE health technology assessment were analyzed comprehensively； and based on this， suggestions were put forward to adjust the public participation in Chinese medical insurance catalog. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The current public participation types of NICE health technology assessment were patient and carer organizations， HTA committee lay members， patient expert and public observers. At the management level， NICE has set up a public participation team and made guidelines on public participation matters. For different public participation types， NICE has established different selection procedures， such as expression of interest， NICE invitation， open recruitment， nomination， NICE decision， etc. The public participation types are various and in the whole assessing process from the initial determination of the scope of the health technology assessment to the final appeal. Also， NICE has established a flexible and dynamic evaluation feedback system to optimize the way of public participation and the health technology assessment process； NICE has undertaken extensive international cooperation and exchanges to promote public participation at the national and international levels. It is suggested that our country should combine the national conditions， clarify the channel of public participation in health technology evaluation， set up a working group of public participation affairs， strengthen patients’ participation in evaluation and feedback， improve decision-making transparency， and improve the public participation mechanism of health technology evaluation from the aspects of channel opening， management mechanism， evaluation feedback， information disclosure and so on.
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Abstract Background The chronic aspect that begins to characterize long COVID appeals to the need for interventions proposed by institutions such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to manage the disease, emphasizing behavioral change and self-care. Objective To perform a narrative review of the psychological literature that offers intervention strategies in alignment with the recommendations of the long COVID management guidelines proposed by WHO and NICE. Method MEDLINE, EBSCO, Google Scholar, SciELO, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane, and CONRICYT databases were consulted, using Boolean operators and keywords for an exhaustive search. Results The contributions of the studies were categorized into five intervention strategies based on WHO and NICE recommendation guidelines: Psychoeducation, Self-care, Support networks, Relaxation, and Goal setting. These are given a brief introduction and their relevance to the management of long COVID symptomatology is described. Discussion and conclusion The persistent condition of COVID-19 symptoms makes it necessary to recognize that lifestyle changes must be made, primarily focused on health care and prevention of worsening disease sequelae. These lifestyle changes can be achieved through behavior modification, focusing on protective factors such as education, self-care, support networks, relaxation techniques and, setting appropriate goals.
Resumen Antecedentes El aspecto crónico que empieza a caracterizar al COVID persistente hace un llamado a la propuesta de intervenciones desde instituciones como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) para lograr un manejo de la enfermedad, el cambio conductual y el autocuidado. Objetivo Elaborar una revisión narrativa sobre la literatura psicológica que ofrece estrategias de intervención acordes a las recomendaciones de las guías de manejo del COVID persistente propuestas por la OMS y el NICE. Método Se consultaron las bases de datos MEDLINE, EBSCO, Google Scholar, SciELO, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane y CONRICYT. Se utilizaron operadores booleanos y palabras claves para una búsqueda exhaustiva. Resultados Las aportaciones de los estudios fueron categorizadas en cinco estrategias de intervención basadas en las guías de recomendación de la OMS y el NICE: Psicoeducación, Autocuidado, Redes de apoyo, Relajación y Establecimiento de metas. En ellas se realiza una breve introducción y se expone su relevancia para el manejo de la sintomatología del COVID persistente. Discusión y conclusión El padecimiento persistente de los síntomas del COVID-19 hace necesario reconocer que deben realizarse cambios en el estilo de vida, principalmente enfocados en el cuidado de la salud y la prevención del empeoramiento de las secuelas de la enfermedad. Estos cambios en el estilo de vida podrán lograrse mediante la modificación de la conducta, orientándola a factores protectores como la educación, el autocuidado, las redes de apoyo, las técnicas de relajación y el establecimiento de metas adecuadas.
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Introduction: The third stage of labor is the time from the birth of the baby to the expulsion of the placenta and membranes.Management is normally categorized into two types; active management and physiological management. Active managementof the third stage involves a package of care comprising the following components: Routine use of uterotonic drugs, deferredclamping, and cutting of the cord controlled cord traction after signs of separation of the placenta. Most common complicationsof the third stage of labor are postpartum hemorrhage and retained placenta.Aims and Objectives: The present clinical audit aims to improve the care of healthy women and their babies during the thirdstage of child and to review the practices regarding the third stage of labor and to develop and implement action plan regardingmanagement strategies.Materials And Methodology: The audit was carried out on 218 pregnant women admitted in Rajarajeswari Medical Collegeand Hospital from April 2018 to September 2018. The inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and data collection on the excel sheetwere based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines.Results: Among 218 cases, vaginal blood loss was recorded in 181 (83%) cases whereas the color, respiration, and generalcondition were recorded in all 218 cases. In all 218 cases, active management of the third stage was carried out, and decisionregarding the same was recorded. The time of cord clamping was recorded in only 6% of the cases. The management ofpostpartum hemorrhage and retained placenta met audit standard in all 218 cases.Conclusion and Recommendations: The present clinical audit suggests that there is a need to follow specific guidelines andtreatment strategies to avert the complications. Recording of vaginal blood loss in all cases, instructions for the compulsoryrecording of the cord clamping time following the birth of a baby and continue to follow the remaining steps according to theNICE guidelines to reduce the complications of the third stage of labor.
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The diseases recommended to be treated by acupuncture and the recommendation in the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) were summarized, and the diseases recommended were analyzed. The guidelines which mentioned acupuncture in NICE and NGC were searched and classified according to the types of diseases and intensity of recommendations. As a result, 45 guidelines in NGC were included, involving 59 recommendations; 29 guidelines in the NICE, involving 29 recommendations. The diseases recommended by NICE and NGC were mainly pain-related diseases, and the diseases recommended by NGC were wider. However, both needed to further describe the specific operation methods of acupuncture.