Ajuste escolar, empatía y conectividad con el medio ambiente natural en el marco de la educación ambiental en educación secundaria en España / School adjustment, empathy and connectedness with the natural environment in environmental education in Spanish secondary education

Resumen En investigaciones recientes se ha constatado que la empatía y la conectividad con el medioambiente natural son variables predictoras de la conducta proambiental. Sin embargo, no se han realizado trabajos en los que se analicen las relaciones entre estas dimensiones y el ajuste en la escuela, un escenario en el que tienen lugar gran parte de los programas relacionados con la educación ambiental y cuya finalidad es la de promover conductas proambientales. Con el presente trabajo se pretende analizar las relaciones entre el ajuste escolar, la empatía y la conectividad con el medioambiente natural en función del género. La muestra estuvo constituida por 881 estudiantes (47.2 % chicos), escolarizados en centros de educación secundaria (España), con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años (M = 13.67 y SD = 1.32). Se administró una batería de instrumentos para medir el ajuste escolar, la empatía y la conectividad con el medioambiente natural. Se realizó un MANOVA para el análisis de los datos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el ajuste escolar, la empatía y la conectividad se relacionan significativamente y que el género desempeña un rol significativo en estas relaciones. También se observó que chicos y chicas con alto ajuste escolar diferían en empatía emocional, pero no en conectividad. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos y se recomienda la incorporación del ajuste escolar en los estudios y programas relacionados con la educación ambiental.

Abstract In recent research it has been observed that empathy and connectedness with the natural environment are relevant predictive variables of pro-environmental behaviour. However, no work has been done in which the relationships between these dimensions and the adjustment in the school are analysed, a context in which most of the programs related to environmental education, whose purpose is to promote pro-environmental behaviours, take place. The general aim of this paper is to analyse the relationships between school adjustment, empathy and connectedness with the natural environment according to gender. School adjustment is defined as the adolescent's ability to adapt to this context and includes aspects such as academic performance, adaptation to school rules, respect for the teacher as an authority figure, the student's attitude towards school and participation in school activities. Empathy is conceptualized as the awareness of the emotions and cognitions of others, and it is important in the school context for the promotion of coexistence and prevention of aggressive behaviors. Like empathy with people, empathy with the natural environment is a social-emotional process. It is a process that focuses on the ability to feel and understand everything related to that medium. In this line, an essential aspect of empathy is its influence on the attitudes and behaviors of people in general and towards the natural environment. An aspect related to empathy is connectedness which refers to the identification of human beings with the natural environment and the relationships they establish with it. In such a way that to study the connection with nature is to try to understand how people build their relationships and identify themselves with it. Connectedness to the natural environment is related in a negative sense to selfish beliefs and attitudes and in a positive sense to the development of attitudes towards the natural environment and ecological behavior in general. These aspects are taken into account in this work. The sample was composed of 881 students (47.2 % boys), enrolled in secondary education (Spain), aged between 12 and 17 (M = 13.67 y SD = 1.32). A battery of instruments to measure school adjustment, empathy and connectedness with the natural environment was administered. A MANOVA was used for data analysis. The results showed that the school adjustment, empathy and connectedness were significantly related and that gender had a significant role in these relationships. It was also observed that boys and girls with high school adjustment differed in emotional empathy, but not in connectedness. Results obtained are discussed and the inclusion of the school adjustment in the studies and programs related to environmental education is recommended. These results raise the idea that school adjustment, connectedness and empathy should be the subject of further analysis because their results would help to incorporate new ideas and proposals into education and intervention programs regarding the natural environment. It was expected that environmental connectedness in adolescents had the same sign as their connectedness with school, family, etc. because many studies have observed that girls have greater connectedness in these scenarios than boys; however, this result deserves a greater exploration regarding gender and its relationships with other connectedness It is recommended that the results presented be considered in future environmental education programs, mainly aimed at students and their families. All this will benefit these educational programs and interventions aimed at enhancing respect and awareness of the natural environment. In short, the promotion of pro-environmental behaviors should be defended through environmental education that seeks to ensure the health and well-being of all citizens.

Influence of community environmental factors on residents' subjective well-being: A case study of Pudong, Shanghai / 环境与职业医学

Background The community is the main place for people's daily activities. A livable environment will improve the subjective well-being of residents. Objective To understand the current status of subjective well-being of residents in Pudong, Shanghai, and explore the impact of community environmental factors on residents' subjective well-being. Methods Using quota sampling, 6000 permanent residents from 12 sub-districts or towns in Pudong, Shanghai were selected to participate in an questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included three parts: participants' basic information, community environmental factors (neighborhood aesthetics, fitness environment, public service and security, natural environment), and subjective well-being. Using a multiple regression model, the influence of community environmental factors on the subjective well-being of residents was analyzed. Results A total of 5887 questionnaires were recovered, and the valid recovery rate was 98.1%. The subjective well-being score of the survey respondents was (7.03±1.61) points. There was no statistical difference in the subjective well-being score of study subjects of different gender and marital status groups; while those with different ages, education levels, occupations, and self-evaluated economic status showed statistical differences in their subjective well-being score (P<0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that after controlling general demographic characteristics, with the low level as the control group (according predetermined cut-off values of 33.3% and 66.7%, the community environmental factors were divided into high-, medium-, and low-level groups), the OR values of subjective well-being of the high- and medium-level neighborhood aesthetics groups were 1.393 (95%CI: 1.173-1.654) and 1.235 (95%CI: 1.080-1.412); the OR values of the high- and medium-level fitness environment groups were 2.297 (95%CI: 1.929-2.734) and 1.349 (95%CI: 1.166-1.560); the OR values of the high- and medium-level public service and security groups were 1.101 (95%CI: 0.943-1.285) and 1.039 (95%CI: 0.905-1.193); the OR values of the high- and medium-level natural environment groups were 4.248 (95%CI: 3.321-5.434) and 1.652 (95%CI: 1.374-1.986), respectively. Conclusion Community environment factors could affect residents' subjective well-being, and good neighborhood aesthetics, fitness environment, natural environment have positive effects.

A study on the effect evaluation of virtual reality on workplace employees' emotional optimization / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of emotional optimization of workplace employees in immersive virtual natural environment. Methods: In July 2020, 15 subjects were selected to complete two groups of treadmill walking training experiments in virtual natural environment and daily environment respectively. At the same time, the subjects' skin electrical (EDA) , pulse frequency (Pf) , respiratory frequency (Rf) physiological data and Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) data before and after walking were collected; the mean value of three dimensions of SAM and the emotion difference before and after the experiment were calculated. The differences of physiological indexes and subjective mood changes of subjects were tested by paired sample t-test. Results: Compared with the daily environment, the ΔEDA, ΔPf and ΔRf of the subjects in the virtual natural environment were all decreased , and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in pleasure and arousal between subjects before and after using the virtual natural environment (P <0.05). Compared with the daily environment, the Δpleasure degree of subjects using the virtual natural environment increased, and the Δarousal degree and Δdominance degree decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Walking in virtual natural environment can help subjects improve their mood, relax and improve the regulation ability of autonomic nervous system.

Responses of regional environmental factors to the reference value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in healthy adults / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 This paper screened the factors that may influence the spatial differentiation of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR） reference values in healthy adults in China and explored the trend of NLR reference values in China. 【Methods】 For this research， we collected the NLR of 162 681 healthy adults from 62 cities in China. Spearman regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between NLR and 25 geography secondary indexes. We extracted 9 indexes with significant correlation， built a random forest （RF） model， and predicted the country’s urban healthy adults’ NLR reference value. By using the disjunctive Kriging method， we obtained the geographical distribution of NLR reference value of healthy adults in China. 【Results】 The reference value of NLR of healthy adults in China was significantly correlated with the 9 secondary indexes， namely， altitude， sunshine duration， annual average temperature， annual average relative humidity， annual temperature range， annual average wind speed， content of organic matter in topsoil， cation exchange capacity in topsoil （clay）， and total amount of CaSO4 in soil. The geographical distribution of NLR values of healthy adults in China showed a trend of being higher in Southeast China and lower in Northwest China， higher in coastal areas and lower in inland areas. 【Conclusion】 This study lays a foundation for further research on the mechanism of different influencing factors on the reference value of NLR index. A random forest model composed of significant influencing factors has been established to provide the basis for formulating reference criteria for the prognostic factors of the novel coronavirus using NLR reference values in different regions.

Inclusión del modelo emergente de educación aventura en la educación física en México / Inclusion of the emerging adventure education model in physical education in Mexico

RESUMEN La Educación Física ha estado en constante evolución, en las últimas décadas se ha transitado por diversos planteamientos educativos, en México se ha pasado de un enfoque militar, a uno deportivo, psicomotriz, orgánico-funcional, hasta llegar al actual que contempla la adquisición de aprendizajes claves. En este sentido, la adaptación de actividades físicas en el medio natural al contexto escolar surge como una posibilidad innovadora. En otros países, los programas basados en el modelo de Educación Aventura han demostrado favorecer el desarrollo integral de los escolares, teniendo beneficios psicológicos sociales y motrices. Por tal motivo, se propone la aplicación de actividades lúdicas con cuerdas como actividades pedagógicas en la Educación Física. Se concluye que el modelo de Educación Aventura representa posibilidades pedagógicas y didácticas que son pertinentes en las sesiones de Educación Física. Así mismo, las instituciones de educación superior deben replantear sus currículos incluyendo nuevos modelos pedagógicos para la práctica en el contexto educativo.

ABSTRACT Physical Education has been in constant evolution, in the past decades it has passed through various educational approaches, in Mexico it has gone from a military approach, to sports-based, to psychomotor-based, to organic-functional approach, to the current one that contemplates the acquisition of key learnings aspects. In this way, the adaptation of physical activities in the natural environment to the school context emerges as an innovative possibility. In other countries, programs based on the Adventure Education model have shown to favor the integral development of school children, having psychological, social and motor benefits. For this reason, the implementation of playful activities with ropes is proposed as pedagogical activities in Physical Education. It is concluded that the Adventure Education model represents pedagogical and didactic possibilities that are relevant in Physical Education sessions. Likewise, higher education institutions must rethink their curricula including emerging models for practice in the educational context.

Discussion on origin change reason of Sichuan genuine crude drugs Cyathulae Radix / 中草药

Taking Sichuan genuine crude drug Cyathulae Radix as the analysis object, to discuss the change reason of genuine origin. Cyathulae Radix is one of the famous genuine crude drugs in Sichuan province, Sichuan Tianquan is traditional genuine origin, and currently the main producing areas change to Baoxing, Jinkouhe, Xinglong, Hongchun, Enshi, and other places. By querying the data and field visits of the main producing areas of Cyathulae Radix, the producing area resources, environment, and cultivation status were investigated, the main reasons of Cyathulae Radix origin changes were analyzed from three aspects, such as natural environment, human intervention, and economic effect, so as to provide the reference for resources sustainable use of Cyathulae Radix and sustainable development of genuine crude drugs.

4. Common values as nurtured in the field / 医学教育

<p>　With medical education in Japan now undergoing a radical reformation, so too is education for the humanities and social sciences in Japanese medical schools. As an anthropologist, I have long used fieldwork as a method of research and education. In the present study, I argue that fieldwork is not only effective in nurturing perspectives based on the humanities and social sciences in medical education, but that it also contributes to the development of basic qualities required of medical professionals. Specifically, these basic qualities refer to "common values" existing among a group of people living in the same locality who share similar cultural characteristics when dealing with the everyday affairs of life. I show how these values are nurtured in the field through students' actual sense of presence in the world they share with various living creatures.</p>

Natural environment and schistosomiasis transmission in Poyang Lake re-gion / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis is closely related to natural environmental factors. The changes of environmental factors such as temperature hydrology vegetation soil etc. all impact the scope and extent of schistosomiasis transmission. Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake and one of the major endemic areas with schistosomiasis in China. With global warming the imple-mentation of the Three Gorges Dam operation and the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Planning the natural environment in Poyang Lake area has been and will continue to change especially the water environment and climate environment which are more closely related to the schistosomiasis transmission. These changes to some extent have affected and will continue to affect the prevalence and transmission of schistosomiasis. This article reviews the relationship between the natural environment and its changes and schistosomiasis transmission in the Poyang Lake region.

Actitudes y comportamiento hacia el medio ambiente natural. Salud medioambiental y bienestar emocional / Attitudes and Behavior towards Natural Environment. Environmental Health and Psychological Well-Being

La naturaleza ha sido un elemento ampliamente omitido en la literatura sobre bienestar emocional. La escasa investigación al respecto ha estado centrada en los efectos beneficiosos del contacto con la naturaleza, pero no en cómo las actitudes y conductas hacia el medio ambiente se asocian a un mayor o menor bienestar emocional. La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de llenar este vacío, analizando las relaciones entre las actitudes ambientales y la conducta proambiental autoinformada con el bienestar emocional. Los resultados obtenidos con una muestra de 320 estudiantes universitarios, ponen de manifiesto que pensar y comportarse proambientalmente no solo favorece al medio ambiente, sino que redunda en un mayor bienestar emocional. Se discuten algunas implicaciones en las actitudes antropocéntricas y sus relaciones con medidas de bienestar emocional.

The natural environment has largely been overlooked by research into subjective well-being. The few studies to have addressed the issue have focused on the beneficial effects of contact with nature, but have not looked at how attitudes and behaviours towards the natural environment are related to subjective well-being. The present paper seeks to fill this gap through the analysis of the relationships between environmental attitudes and self-reported ecological behaviours, and subjective well-being. The results obtained from a sample of 320 university students show that to think and behave pro environmentally is not only good for the natural environment but also leads directly to higher levels of subjective well-being. Some implications regarding anthropocentric attitudes and how they relate to subjective well-being are discussed.

Investigation on expiration time of sterile packages of strategic reserve between inland region and littoral under natural environment / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study expiration time and the origin of bacteria for the sterile packages of strategic reserve between inland region and littoral under natural environment.Methods We prepared operation dressing package,apparatus package as well as dressing and apparatus mixed package with double- cotton and to be deposited in storage boxes of combat readiness warehouse under natural environment after pulsing vacuum steam sterilization.Three packages of every kind were put in a storage boxes and samples were taken from the packages and underwent bacterial culture at different time-points.Meanwhile,the bacteria strains in combat readiness warehouse' air and in the storage boxes were cultured and performed with homology analysis.Results Expiration time of sterile packages of strategic reserve was 40d in inland region whereas 24d in littoral.The major bacteria were G+ bacilli and G+ staphylococus in sterile packages of strategic reserve,combat readiness warehouse' air and storage boxes in two regions.In inland region,the 16～23SrRNA ITS sequences of bacteria strains in sterile packages shared about 97％～100％ homology with which between the air bacteria strains in combat readiness warehouse and the storage boxes whereas it was about 98％～99％ homology in littoral.Conclusions The storage environment is the most influential factor on expiration time of sterile packages of strategic reserve.The bacteria in sterile packages of strategic reserve came from the air of combat readiness warehouse.To ensure the expiration time of sterile package of strategic reserve,corresponding management methods are important guarantee which can provide new methods about management on strategic reserve.

An Experimental Study on Conserving Time of Operating Instrument Set for Combat Readiness in Inland and Plateau Section / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the storage time and the origin of bacteria for disinfection package for combat readiness under natural environment in inland and plateau situation.METHODS We prepared double-cotton operation dressing packet,apparatus package,as well as dressing and apparatus mixed packet each with 72 pieces,respectively.Packages were deposited within closed and opened storage boxes under natural environment in depository for combat readiness,respectively after vacuum steam sterilization.Three different kinds of packages each with 3 items were put inside each box.After sterilization,total of 9 items with each 3 from one type of package were taken randomly from each group every time for bacterial culture by different time.At the same time,samples of the air and depot boxes in warehouse for combat readiness were collected and cultured as well as analyzed for bacterial homology.RESULTS In Chongqing,all packages were negative for bacteria on the 40th day after sterilization,while 2 packages were positive for bacteria on the 49th day.In Lhasa,4 packages were positive in opened group on the 106th day after sterilization.On the 122nd day,6 packages were positive in opened group and 1 item was positive in closed group.The dominant bacteria are bacilli and staphylococci both in the air and depot boxes of the warehouse for combat readiness.CONCLUSIONS The storage time for disinfection package under natural environment in different areas correlates closely with the local environmental and climatic situations.The bacteria of the package were confirmed to be from the air.The effective storage time for disinfection package would be prolonged by standardization of the disinfection procedure,and control multiple environmental factors affecting microorganisms.

Histopatologia de fígado, rim e baço de piaractus mesopotamicus, prochilodus lineatus e pseudoplatystoma fasciatum parasitados por myxosporídios, capturados no Rio Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Histopathology of liver, kidney and spleen of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum infected by myxosporean parasite, caugth in Aquidauana River, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Histological analysis of kidney, spleen and liver of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, infected by myxosporean, caugth in Aquidauana river, MS, was studied. After necropsy, samples of liver, previous kidney and spleen were fixed in 10 percent buffered formalin and processed followed histological routine methods. Sections of 5 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Myxobolusporofilus, M. colossomatis and were found in P. lineatus, in P. mesopotamicus respectively and Myxobolus spp. Were also found in all three species of fish. Myxosporideans cysts in the liver and spleen of P mesopotamicus were also related. Up to 50 percent of P mesopotamicus and P lineatus liver samples showed diffuse hepatodistrofy. Liver sections also showed concentric hialin structures in over 80 percent of samples and esteatosis in 50 percent of them. In P mesopotamicus kidney, 95.23 percent of them showed tissue changes consisted of 60 percent with diffuse moderate nefrodistrofy and congestion of glomerular sinusoids. In P lineatus kidney, 20 percent of the samples showed tissues changes. No heavy damage was observed in the fish spleen.

Este estudo descreveu a histopatologia de rim, baço e fígado de Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus e Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, parasitados por mixosporídios, capturados no Rio Aquidauana, MS. Após necropsia, amostras do fígado, rim cefálico e baço foram colhidas, fixadas em formalina a 10 por cento tamponada e processadas de acordo com a rotina histológica. Os cortes foram feitos à espessura de 5 μm e corados com hematoxilina-eosina. Foram encontrados Myxobolus porofilus em P. lineatus, M. colossomatis em P. mesopotamicus e Myxobolus spp. nas três espécies de hospedeiros. Cistos de mixosporídios no exame histopatológico foram vistos no fígado e baço de P. mesopotamicus. Mais de 50 por cento das amostras de fígado de P mesopotamicus e P lineatus apresentou hepatodistrofia difusa. Mais de 80 por cento das amostras de fígado de P. fasciatum apresentou formações hialinas concêntricas e esteatose em 50 por cento das amostras. Em 95,23 por cento das amostras de rins de P. mesopotamicus, foram observadas alterações teciduais, e em mais de 60 por cento dos casos nefrodistrofia difusa moderada e congestão de sinusóides glomerulares. Alterações teciduais nas amostras de rins de P. lineatus foram observadas em menos de 20 por cento da amostra. No baço dos peixes ora examinados não foram encontradas lesões dignas de relato.

Associations of physique with the socioeconomic factors of family and regional origin in Chinese university students

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>The purpose of this study is to define and clarify the causes of differences in physique between urban students and rural students in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects are 2,524 students (male, 838; female, 1686) who entered K University in Shanghai in September, 2001. The data used in this study is based upon K university's Yearly Health Check Record and Students' Family Condition Record. Correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to analyze the relationships between physique and gross family income, family income per capita, latitude, air temperature, precipitation or altitude.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Urban students' height and weight are significantly greater than rural students' in both males and females. Both male students and female students are significantly taller and heavier in accordance with per capita increases in students' family income. The height and weight of male and female students whose parents are peasant farmers are least. With regard to the relationship between physique and urban-rural factors, the F value decreases clearly when family income per capita is taken as a covariate, while the F values slightly decrease also when factors of latitude etc. are taken as covariates. The main cause of differing family income is occupational difference between urban areas and rural ones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Students born in urban areas are taller and heavier than those born in rural areas. The main cause of these differences is family income per capita. The main cause of variations in family income is the income difference in occupations.</p>

Menstruation and"the adaptation of human body to natural environment"in Inner Canon of Huangdi / 中华中医药杂志

"Adaptation of human body to natural environment"is one of the most important theories in Inner Canon of Huangdi(Huangdi Nei Jing).It explains some kinds of links between the natural variations and the changes of the human activity. This article analyses some comments about menstruation in Inner Canon of Huangdi from the angle of gynecologic pathology, physiology,treatment,health care as one side,and the variation of the moon,the four season,the day as another side.On the basis of that,this article explores applications of"adaptation of human body to natural environment"theory in gynecology.

Inner Canon of Huangdi establishing fundamental theoretical category of TCM:human body and natural environment / 中华中医药杂志

"Human body" and "natural environment" is a pair of ancient,important philosophical categories in Chinese philosophy.Ancient Chinese philosophy produced and developed on the basis of "debate on human and nature".Especially in the Pre-qin and Han dynasty,"human body" and "natural environment" is the center subject of philosophic discussion,which also permeated into the fi elds of life science,and became the most important categories in theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.This subject had signifi cant effect on formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine and theory of "adaptation of human body to natural environment".

Exploration of Infectivity of HIV in vitro / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To define the regularity of survival ability of HIV in natural environment,and prevent(infection) through contacting with positive body fluids during daily life or medical work.METHODS Having been diluted by sterile water or 10% serum RPMI 1640 medium,HIV was exposed to 4℃,room temperature(20-26℃) or 37℃ for different period of time.TCID_(50) of these samples was detected.Non-pathological samples were blind passaged for three generations.RESULTS HIV infective ability persisted more than 35 days both in(water) and medium at 4℃;whereas it persisted 7-14 days in water,14-21 days in medium at room temperature and 37℃.CONCLUSIONS HIV has higher resistance in natural environment.To prevent accidental spreading of HIV,HIV positive liquids and contaminants staffs should be treated carefully.