Efectos de la modalidad de presentación de un mensaje de educación entretenimiento de prevención del VIH

Introducción: Se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental para contrastar el efecto de la modalidad de presentación de un mensaje de educación-entretenimiento (escrito versus audiovisual) en los procesos cognitivos de recepción, en función de la necesidad de cognición. Método: Participaron 109 hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos condiciones experimentales (mensaje escrito versus mensaje audiovisual). Resultados: Se encontró que la necesidad de cognición moderó el efecto de la modalidad del mensaje sobre la elaboración cognitiva (el mensaje escrito incrementaba la elaboración cognitiva en participantes con baja necesidad de cognición) y sobre la contraargumentación (el formato escrito generó menor contraargumentación en participantes con alta necesidad de cognición), pero no sobre la reactancia. Conclusiones: La efectividad de un mensaje de educación-entretenimiento está determinada tanto por las características del mensaje (la modalidad de presentación) como por las diferencias individuales de las personas (la necesidad de cognición). De manera particular, la necesidad de cognición es una variable relevante para comprender los procesos cognitivos de recepción (la elaboración cognitiva y la contraargumentación) que desempeñan un papel fundamental en el estudio de la persuasión narrativa.

Introduction: This article presents the results of an experimental study that sought to contrast the effect of the entertainment education message (written versus audiovisual) on the cognitive processes of reception, as a function of the need for cognition. Method: 109 MSM participated, randomly distributed, in two experimental conditions (written versus audiovisual message). Results: We found that the need for cognition moderated the effect of message modality on cognitive elaboration and in contra-argumentation, but not on reactance. Data shows that written message increased cognitive elaboration in participants with low need for cognition and generated less contra-argumentation in participants with a higher need for cognition. Conclusions: The effectiveness of an entertainment-education message is determined by both the characteristics of the message (the modality of presentation) and the individual differences of people (the need for cognition). In particular, the need for cognition is a relevant variable for understanding the cognitive processes of reception (cognitive elaboration and contra-argumentation) that play a fundamental role in the study of narrative persuasion.

Differences in decisions affected by cognitive biases: examining human values, need for cognition, and numeracy

Abstract A better understanding of factors that can affect preferences and choices may contribute to more accurate decision-making. Several studies have investigated the effects of cognitive biases on decision-making and their relationship with cognitive abilities and thinking dispositions. While studies on behaviour, attitude, personality, and health worries have examined their relationship with human values, research on cognitive bias has not investigated its relationship to individual differences in human values. The purpose of this study was to explore individual differences in biased choices, examining the relationships of the human values self-direction, conformity, power, and universalism with the anchoring effect, the framing effect, the certainty effect, and the outcome bias, as well as the mediation of need for cognition and the moderation of numeracy in these relationships. We measured individual differences and within-participant effects with an online questionnaire completed by 409 Brazilian participants, with an age range from 18 to 80 years, 56.7% female, and 43.3% male. The cognitive biases studied consistently influenced choices and preferences. However, the biases showed distinct relationships with the individual differences investigated, indicating the involvement of diverse psychological mechanisms. For example, people who value more self-direction were less affected only by anchoring. Hence, people more susceptible to one bias were not similarly susceptible to another. This can help in research on how to weaken or strengthen cognitive biases and heuristics.

Rasgos de personalidad, necesidad de cognición y satisfacción vital en estudiantes universitarios chilenos / Personality Traits, Need for Cognition and Life Satisfaction in Chilean University Students

El estudio examina el papel de los rasgos de personalidad y la necesidad de cognición en la predicción de la satisfacción vital. Para ello, se evaluó a una muestra de 235 estudiantes de una universidad estatal chilena, utilizando el Inventario Cinco Factores (ICF-UTA), la Escala de Necesidad de Cognición (ENC) y la Escala de Satisfaccion con la Vida (SWLS). Los resultados indican relaciones significativas entre satisfacción y los rasgos de neuroticismo (-0.4), responsabilidad (0.29), afabilidad (0.34) y el constructo de necesidad de cognición (0.32), los que en conjunto explican un porcentaje significativo de varianza de la satisfacción vital de los estudiantes.

The study examines the role of personality traits and the need for cognition in predicting life satisfaction. We evaluated a sample of 235 students at a state university in Chile, using the Five -Factor Inventory (ICF-UTA), the Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) and the Scale of Satisfaction with Life (SWLS). Results suggest significant relationships between life satisfaction, and neuroticism (-0.4), conscientiousness (0.29), agreeableness (0.34) and the construct of need for cognition (0.32), which together explain a significant percentage of variance in life satisfaction of students.

Estudo de validação da Escala de Necessidade de Cognição com amostra portuguesa / Validation Study of the Need for Cognition Scale with a Portuguese sample / Estudio de validación de la Escala de Necesidad de Cognición con muestra portuguesa

Não há consenso no que concerne à estrutura da escala de Necessidade de Cognição, (versão curta) de Cacioppo, Petty e Kao (1984). O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a estrutura fatorial da escala de 18 itens, numa amostra Portuguesa de 344 indivíduos, com distribuições semelhantes entre gêneros e 45,3 tendo como habilitação o ensino secundário. Os resultados da análise exploratória mostram uma estrutura trifatorial, com elevada consistência interna, o que sugere a sua bondade para aplicação à população portuguesa. Os indivíduos com uma maior necessidade de cognição parecem ser aqueles que atingem níveis de escolaridade mais elevados, contudo não são os que apresentam profissões de maior qualificação. Reitera-se a premência em continuar a estudar essa temática, nomeadamente a sua relação com os demais processos cognitivos.

There is no consensus regarding the structure of the Need for Cognition scale (short version) of Cacioppo, Petty and Kao (1984). The present study aims to examine the fator structure of the scale of 18 items in a Portuguese sample of 344 individuals with similar distribution among gender. 45.3 have secondary education. The results of the exploratory analysis trifatorial show a structure with high internal consistency, which ensures the application to the Portuguese population. Individuals with a greater need for cognition appear to be those who attain higher educational levels. However they didn’t attain the occupations of higher qualification. We reiterate the urgent need to further examine this issue, including its relationship with other cognitive processes.

No hay consenso cuanto a la estructura de la escala de Necesidad de Cognición, (versión corta) de Cacioppo, Petty e Kao (1984). El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la estructura factorial de la escala de 18 ítems, en una muestra Portuguesa de 344 individuos, con distribuciones semejantes entre géneros, 45,3 de ellos con educación secundaria. Los resultados del análisis exploratorio muestran una estructura trifactorial, con elevada consistencia interna, lo que sugiere su bondad para aplicación a la población portuguesa. Los individuos con una mayor necesidad de cognición parecen ser aquellos que atingen niveles de escolaridad más elevados, todavía no son los que presentan profesiones de mayor cualificación. Se reitera la urgencia en continuar a estudiar esa temática, en particular su relación con los demás procesos cognitivos.