Need for orthodontic treatment in a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents from Cojitambo, 2017

Aim: To determine the need for orthodontic treatment in Ecuadorian adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in Cojitambo, 2017. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was made including 140 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, 50% males. For determining the prevalence of malocclusion, a visual clinical examination was performed to obtain the data required using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Results: 37.14% of the adolescents presented a minor malocclusion (without the need for treatment), 20% a definitivemalocclusion (need for elective treatment), 30% a severe malocclusion (highly desirable treatment) and 12.86% a very severe malocclusion (mandatory treatment). No statistically significant differences were found by sex (p =0.53) or by age (p =0.05). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of adolescents who had a normal occlusion without the need of orthodontic treatment and the ones with the lowest prevalence were adolescents with very severe malocclusion that needed compulsory treatment, without differences by sex or age

Autopercepción de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico en escolares de 12 años en la Parroquia El Sagrario del Cantón Cuenca-Ecuador / Autoperception of orthodontic treatment need in 12 years old schoolchildren from El Sagrario, Cuenca Ecuador

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico autopercibida por los escolares de 12 años de la parroquia El Sagrario, Cuenca año 2016. Material y Métodos: La metodología aplicada fue descriptiva, tipo encuesta, transversal. El tamaño de la muestra fue calculada mediante fórmula, siendo ésta de 143 escolares de 12 años de los cuales los padres de familia aceptaron el consentimiento y los escolares dieron su asentimiento informado para ser parte del estudio. Los datos cualitativos fueron analizados usando la prueba de chi cuadrado para determinar independencia entre los grados de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico autopercibida y el sexo. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos fueron que el 18% autoperciben mientras que el 82% no autoperciben la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico. De acuerdo a los grados de necesidad el 82% presentan una necesidad nula, el 13% una necesidad moderada y únicamente el 5% una necesidad severa de tratamiento ortodóntico autopercibida. El sexo femenino autopercibe la necesidad de tratamiento en un 9.8% mientras que el 8.4% pertenece al sexo masculino. Conclusiones: La mayoría de escolares de 12 años de la parroquia El Sagrario, evaluados por el Componente Estético del IONT no autoperciben la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of need for orthodontic treatment self-perceived by 12-year-old schoolchildren from El Sagrario, Cuenca, year 2016. Material and Methods: The applied methodology was descriptive, cross-sectional survey type. The sample size was calculated using a formula, which was 143 of the 12-year-old schoolchildren from whom the parents accepted consent and the schoolchildren gave their informed consent to be part of the study. Qualitative data were analyzed using the chi-square test to determine independence between the degrees of need for self-perceived orthodontic treatment and gender Results: The results were that 18% perceive themselves while 82% do not perceive themselves the need for orthodontic treatment. According to the degrees of necessity they have a 82% no need, 13% moderate need and only 5% a severe need for self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment. The female self-perceive the need for treatment at 9.8% while 8.4% are males. Conclusions: Most schoolchildren in 12 years of the parish El Sagrario, evaluated by the aesthetic component of IONT not perceive themselves the need for orthodontic treatment.