Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Cerebral Hemodynamics in Preterm Neonates Assessed by Transcranial Doppler Sonography in Middle Cerebral Artery

Objective: To study the effect of KMC in premature newborns on cerebral hemodynamics in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using transcranial doppler sonography. Methods: In this descriptive study, 40 clinically stable preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our institute and undergoing Kangaroo mother care (KMC) were enrolled. Physiological and cerebral blood flow parameters of MCA were obtained by using transcranial doppler sonography at baseline, at 60 minutes of KMC, and after 60 minutes of stopping KMC. Results: Of the 40 enrolled neonates (24 males), the mean (SD) birth weight, gestation age, and postnatal age were 1698.25 (495.44) g, 33.00 (1.67) wk, and 6.80 (4.51) days, respectively. The mean (SD) cerebral blood flow velocities increased (peak systolic velocity (PSV), P=0.03; end diastolic velocity, P<0.001; mean velocity, P<0.001) and doppler indices decreased (resistive index, P=0.001; pulsatility index, P<0.001) significantly; whereas, heart rate (P<0.001) decreased but SpO2 (P=0.001) and mean blood pressure (P=0.003) increased significantly at 60 minutes of KMC as compared to baseline. Sixty minutes after stopping KMC, all parameters (except PSV) were higher than baseline, indicating post KMC effect. Conclusion: KMC improves cerebral hemodynamics in clinically stable preterm neonates.

Perception of neonatology staff regarding the availability of equipment and supplies for the care of patients in need of nCPAP / Percepción del personal de neonatología sobre la disponibilidad de equipo e insumos para la atención de pacientes con necesidad de nCPAP

Abstract Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is Mexico's second leading cause of neonatal mortality. The 75% reduction in mortality due to RDS has been attributed to the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). A survey was conducted to determine the perception of the medical staff regarding the availability of nCPAP equipment and supplies in Mexican hospitals with neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Methods: We sent a survey via e-mail to several neonatologists in each state of the country, requesting only one response per hospital. We performed statistical analysis with SPSS software. Results: We received 195 surveys from private (HPri) and public (HPub) hospitals with NICUs nationwide: 100% of HPri and 39% of HPub. More than 75% of the nursing and medical staff had received formal training in nCPAP in 11% of HPri and 5% of HPub. The perceived availability of CPAP equipment was 83.7% vs. 52.1%; nasal cannula supply, 75.5% vs. 36.3%; air/oxygen blender availability, 51.0% vs. 32.9%, in HPri and HPub, respectively. The observed differences were statistically significant. Significant differences were also found among healthcare institutions. Conclusions: The availability of CPAP equipment and consumables between HPub and HPri is unbalanced and is lower in public institutions. Bubble CPAP is not included essential equipment in the national catalog of instruments and equipment for public hospitals, and its request is complicated. The training of CPAP staff and the availability of bubble CPAP and supplies in public hospitals should be improved.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (SDR) es la segunda causa de mortalidad neonatal en México. La reducción del 75% de la mortalidad por SDR se le ha atribuido al uso de la presión positiva nasal continua de las vías respiratorias (nCPAP). Se realizó una encuesta con el objetivo de conocer la percepción del personal médico acerca de la disponibilidad del equipo e insumos para nCPAP en hospitales de México que cuenten con unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Métodos: La encuesta se envió por correo electrónico a varios neonatólogos de cada estado del país y se solicitó una sola respuesta por cada hospital. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS. Resultados: Se recibieron 195 encuestas respondidas tanto de hospitales privados (HPri) como públicos (HPub) que cuentan con UCIN a escala nacional: el 100% de HPri y el 39% de HPub. Más del 75% del personal de enfermería y médico recibió una capacitación formal en nCPAP en el 11% de HPri y el 5% de HPub. La percepción de disponibilidad de equipos de presión positiva continua de las vías respiratorias (CPAP) fue del 83.7% vs. el 52.1%; el abasto de cánulas nasales, del 75.5% vs. el 36.3%; la disponibilidad del mezclador aire/oxígeno, del 51.0 % vs. el 32.9%, en HPri y HPub, respectivamente. Las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas. También se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las instituciones de salud. Conclusiones: La disponibilidad de equipo y material de consumo para CPAP entre HPub y HPri es desequilibrada, y es menor en las instituciones públicas. El CPAP burbuja no se encuentra incluido en el cuadro básico de equipo médico y se dificulta su solicitud. Debe mejorarse la capacitación del personal en CPAP y la disponibilidad de CPAP burbuja e insumos en los hospitales públicos.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers and prospective mothers in neonatal care and utilization of perinatal care services

Background: The present study was done with the aim to study existing knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about neonatal care, perinatal care and its services, among mothers (pregnant and lactating mothers).Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 624 pregnant women and in mothers of newborn in both rural and urban areas around Vijayawada during the period from October 2015 to November 2017. A structured questionnaire reflecting KAP about neonatal care and perinatal care services was used in the study. The collected data was placed in a proforma and analysed.Results: Rural (53.8%) and urban (46.2%) mothers are equally represented in the present study. There is a slight preponderance of lactating mothers (52.2%). Most of the mothers are homemakers (82.1%) and belong to nuclear families (90.1%). There is a considerable deficiency in the knowledge nearly 45% ad practices nearly 40%, related to the number of ANC's. The proportion of mothers receiving baby's immunization advice from obstetrician is 18.5% and from paediatrician is 26.4%. Neonatal infection prevention was not advised in 71.3% of mothers and 23.5% mothers receive advice from obstetrician and 19.1% from paediatrician. The practice of staring first breast feed within one hour is not implemented about 88% of mothers. Nearly 30% of the mothers are not keeping the baby warm and nearly 90% of the mothers are not aware of KMC.Conclusions: The findings of the study conclude that there is a need for systematic and planned health education by the paediatrician and obstetrician to increase the KAP among mothers about neonatal health care.

Morbidity and mortality pattern among babies admitted in special newborn care unit, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: India contributes to 25% of neonatal mortality around the world. In developing countries neonatal mortality is quite high despite of advances in perinatal and neonatal care. The establishment of Special Newborn Care Units (SNCU) has been quite essential in reducing the neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to assess the outcome of SNCU at a newly commissioned tertiary care teaching hospital at Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Aim of this study the morbidity and mortality patterns in an SNCU at tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: It was a Retrospective, Hospital based, Descriptive study which was done among neonates admitted to SNCU, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh for a period of 1 year (January 2015-December 2015). All the neonates admitted to SNCU, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh during the study period were included in the study. Data was recorded in a predesigned semi-structured proforma. the data was entered into excel-sheet and analyzed using SPSS software version 21.Results: A total of 1015 babies were included in the study. Almost half 592(58.32%) were born in this hospital(inborn) and 423(41.67%) babies were referred from peripheral hospitals and nursing homes (out born). about 3/4th 767(75.5%) of babies were admitted in the first 24 hours of life. Almost half (53.4%) of the study group were male and 46.6% were female. The chief causes of admission in SNCU were Respiratory Distress Syndrome (40.2%) followed by birth asphyxia (19.1%), sepsis (13.3%), Neonatal Jaundice (9.9%) and prematurity (6.6%). In our study 63.0% patients were discharged, 19.3% had left hospital against medical advice, 10.1% died and 7.6% were referred to other institutions for specialized treatment.Conclusion: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, neonatal sepsis, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and HIE as the major causes of morbidity. Low Birth Weight and prematurity were the commonest contributors of death, therefore, attempts to prolong the pregnancy each week might improve the neonatal outcome considerably.

Práticas de aleitamento materno: concepções das trabalhadoras de saúde de um hospital público de Salvador / Breast feeding practices: perception of health workers of a public hospital in Salvador / Prácticas de lactancia materna: concepciones de las trabajadoras de salud de un hospital público de Salvador

As políticas públicas voltadas para o incentivo ao aleitamento materno compreendem todos os níveis de atenção à saúde, desde as unidades básicas até as hospitalares. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar concepções de trabalhadoras de um hospital público de Salvador (BA) sobre práticas de saúde para a promoção do aleitamento materno no hospital. Para tanto, optou-se como percurso metodológico pela realização de grupos focais a fim de proporcionar o compartilhamento de experiências e vivências entre as trabalhadoras. As participantes do estudo eram trabalhadoras dos setores de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTI-Neo), Unidade de Cuidado Intermediário Neonatal Convencional (UCINCo) e Unidade de Cuidado Intermediário Neonatal Canguru (UCINCa). Os grupos focais foram gravados em áudio, transcritos integralmente e analisados quanto aos seus conteúdos temáticos. A análise temática das falas das participantes resultou em reflexões sobre o processo de trabalho no hospital; concepções e práticas de aleitamento materno; acolhimento e conhecimento popular e científico das participantes. Tendo em vista os princípios e diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), as trabalhadoras de saúde procuram sustentar suas práticas de cuidado em uma atenção à saúde integral, humanizada, equânime e universal. O estudo produziu reflexões acerca das ações de saúde realizadas, incentivando mudanças no processo do cuidar em saúde. Práticas educativas dialógicas para a produção de saúde podem ser utilizadas como propulsoras de transformação.

Public policies aimed at encouraging breastfeeding include all levels of health care, from basic health units to hospitals. This study described and analyzed the perception of health professionals from a public hospital in Salvador, Bahia, on health practices for the promotion of breastfeeding in the hospital. The methodological procedures involved the creation of focus groups to share experiences and practices amongst workers. The participants were health professionals from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, the Conventional Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit and the Kangaroo Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit. The focus groups were recorded in audio, transcribed fully and analyzed for their thematic content. The thematic analysis of the participants' discourses resulted in reflections on the hospital work process; perceptions and practices of breastfeeding; and the popular and scientific knowledge of participants. Considering the principles and guidelines of the Unified Health System in Brazil (SUS), health workers seek to sustain their care practices in an integral, humanized, equitable and universal health care. This study arrived at certain considerations about health actions carried out by the professionals, encouraging changes in the health care process. Dialogical educational practices for the production of healthcare can be used as propellants of transformation in health care.

Las políticas públicas orientadas al incentivo a la lactancia materna comprenden todos los niveles de atención a la salud, desde las unidades básicas hasta las hospitalarias. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar las concepciones de las trabajadoras de un hospital público de Salvador (BA) sobre las prácticas de salud para la promoción de la lactancia materna en el hospital. Las participantes del estudio fueron trabajadoras de los sectores de Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTI-Neo), Unidad de Cuidado Intermedio Neonatal Convencional (UCINCo) y Unidad de Cuidado Intermedio Neonatal Canguro (UCINCa), de un hospital público de Salvador, BA. Para tanto, se optó como recorrido metodológico la realización de grupos focales a fin de proporcionar el intercambio de experiencias y vivencias entre las trabajadoras. Los grupos focales fueron grabados en audio, transcritos íntegramente y analizados en cuanto a sus contenidos temáticos. El análisis temático de los relatos de las participantes resultó en reflexiones sobre el proceso de trabajo en el hospital; concepciones y prácticas de lactancia materna; acogida y conocimiento popular y científico de las participantes. Teniendo en cuenta los principios y directrices del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), las trabajadoras de la salud procuran sostener sus prácticas de cuidado en una atención a la salud integral, humanizada, equitativa y universal. El estudio permitió reflexionar sobre las acciones de salud realizadas, fomentando cambios en el proceso del cuidar en salud. Las prácticas educativas dialógicas para la producción de salud pueden utilizarse como propulsoras de transformación.

Percepción materna de los signos, síntomas de alarma y creencias populares sobre el cuidado y las enfermedades neonatales en el departamento de emergencias pediátricas

Introducción: La percepción materna de los signos de alarma y las creencias populares influyen en el cuidado de los neonatos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la percepción materna de los signos de alarma y las creencias culturales relacionadas al cuidado del neonato. Material y Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo prospectivo. Previo consentimiento informado se realizó una entrevista, con preguntas abiertas y cerradas a madres de neonatos con nivel de prioridad de la atención II y III en el Departamento de emergencias pediátricas (DEP). Variables: Edad materna, escolaridad, procedencia, paridad, edad del neonato, antecedente de haber estado hospitalizado, motivo de la consulta, orientaciones sobre los cuidados neonatales, concepto de fiebre, signos de enfermedad grave y las llamadas enfermedades culturales. Los datos fueron procesados en SPSS v21 utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: Se encuestó a 100 madres, la mayoría procedente del departamento Central, con estudios secundarios y más de la mitad era primíparas. El 63% definió correctamente la fiebre. Solo el 25% recibió orientación sobre los cuidados del neonato por personal sanitario. El 90% reconoció la fiebre como signo de alarma. El 25 % manifestó creer en las llamadas enfermedades culturales. El 40% de los neonatos usaba ombliguero, y el 51% llevaba una cinta roja atada a la muñeca como medida de protección contra el mal. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las madres tuvo una adecuada percepción de al menos 2 signos de alarma Un cuarto de estas mujeres creía en las enfermedades culturales y más de la mitad de sus neonatos tenía amuletos contra el mal.

Introduction: Maternal understanding of warning signs and symptoms and popular beliefs influence the care of newborns. The objective of this study was to describe the maternal understanding of warning signs and the cultural beliefs related to newborn care. Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, observational study. After obtaining informed consent, an interview, using open and closed questions was performed with mothers of newborns presenting with priority levels of care II and III in the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED). Variables: Maternal age, education, prove-nance, parity, age of the newborn, history of having been hospitalized, chief complaint, guidance on newborn care, understanding of fever and signs of serious illness and so-called cultural diseases. The data was processed in SPSS v21 using descriptive statistics. Results: 100 mothers were surveyed, most of them from Central Department and with secondary-level education. More than half were primiparous. 63% correctly defined fever. Only 25% received guidance from health personnel re-garding newborn care. 90% recognized fever as a warning sign. 25% said they believe in the so-called cultural diseases. 40% of neonates wore bellybands, and 51% wore a red ribbon tied to the wrist as a protective measure against evil. Conclusions: Most mothers had an adequate understan-ding of at least 2 warning signs. A quarter of these women believed in cultural diseases and more than half of their neonates had amulets against evil.

Parto institucional, seguro y centrado en la familia. Evaluación de la experiencia en el Hospital y Maternidad Santa Rosa / Institutional, safe and family centered delivery. Evaluation of the experience in the Hospital and Maternity Santa Rosa

Todas las instituciones donde se producen nacimientos deben ser capaces de resolver emergencias que pueden presentarse tanto en partos normales como en partos patológicos y garantizar así el cumplimiento de las condiciones obstétricas y neonatales esenciales (CONES). La implementación de estas condiciones es fundamental para el logro de los objetivos propuestos por el modelo de maternidad segura y centrada en la familia (MSCF). El artículo presenta los resultados de un relevamiento reciente llevado a cabo en la Maternidad Santa Rosa (AU)

All institutions where births are produced should be able to solve emergencies that can appear both in normal deliveries and in pathological deliveries, and in this way guarantee the fulfilment in the essential obstetric and neonatal conditions. The implementation of these conditions is fundamental to the achievement of the objectives proposed by the safe and familycentred model of maternity. The article presents the results of a recent survey carried out at the Santa Rosa Maternity

Fatores preditores para a admissão do recém-nascido na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Factores predictores para la admisión del recién-nacido en la unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal / Predicting factors for admission of newborns in neonatal intensive care units

Objetivo: determinar a associação entre os fatores preditores para a admissão do recém-nascido em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e as características maternas. Método: estudo analítico, documental, retrospectivo, quantitativo, seguido de pesquisa de campo, que avaliou 119 prontuários, no período de maio a agosto de 2016. Resultados: observaram-se mães com idade entre 20 e 25 anos (31,1%); nível fundamental (42,0%); 49,6% eram casadas e 80,7% tiveram parto cesárea. O pré-natal foi realizado por 95,0% das gestantes e 97,5% apresentaram patologias gestacionais. Dos neonatos, 51,3% eram do sexo feminino; 88,2% receberam alta para o alojamento conjunto com a mãe, 71,4% internaram por prematuridade, 40,3% por problemas respiratórios e 28,6% por hipoglicemia. Conclusão: a internação do recém-nascido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal está consequentemente relacionada às características maternas e às patologias desenvolvidas no período gravídico.

Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre los factores predictores para la admisión del recién-nacido en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal y las características maternas. Método: estudio analítico, documental, retrospectivo, cuantitativo, seguido de investigación de campo, que evaluó 119 historias clínicas, en el periodo de mayo a agosto de 2016. Resultados: fueron observadas madres con edad entre 20 y 25 años (31,1%); escolaridad básica (42,0%); 49,6% eran casadas y 80,7% tuvieron parto por cesárea. El prenatal fue realizado por 95,0% de las gestantes y 97,5% presentaron patologías gestacionales. De los neonatos, 51,3% eran del sexo femenino; 88,2% recibieron alta junto con la madre, 71,4% fueron internados por prematuridad, 40,3% por problemas respiratorios y 28,6% por hipoglicemia. Conclusión: la internación del recién-nacido en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal está consecuentemente relacionada con las características maternas y las patologías desarrolladas en el periodo gestacional.

Objective: determine the association between predicting factors for newborn admission in Neonatal Intensive Care Units and maternal characteristics. Method: analytical, documental, retrospective, quantitative study followed by field research, which evaluated 119 medical records in period of May and August 2016. Results: observed in mothers between the ages of 20 and 25 years (31.1%); had elementary education (42.0%); 49.6% were married and 80.7% had a caesarean section. Pre-natal exams were conducted in 95.0% of pregnant women and 97.5% showed gestational pathologies. Among the newborns, 51.3% were female; 88.2% were discharged to remain with their mothers at the hospital, 71.4% were hospitalized for premature birth, 40.3% for respiratory problems and 28.6% for hipoglycemia. Conclusion: the hospitalization of newborns in Neonatal intensive care units is consequently related to maternal characteristics and pathologies developed in the gestational period.

Study of practical significance the first embrace / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

The Western Pacific Region have the highest neonatal mortality rate of any country in the world. It has 37 countries and areas with approximately 1.8 billion people which comprises one-fourth of the total world population. The First Embrace It is care for all mothers and newborn infants. The components of the First Embrace are immediate and thorough dying, appropriately timed clamping and cutting of the cord, skin to skin contact and initiating exclusive breastfeeding for all newborns. Aim: First embrace and Early Essential Neonatal Care the importance of infant seeks to to learn some of the problems faced by identifying the skills of medical personnel. We were conducted in this study by a cross sectional questionnaire in order to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare providers about essential newborn care and administrated a structured questionnaire to evaluate instruments and materials of the maternity wards.Skin to skin contact and a mother first embrace is the beginning of a healthy life is to reduce the newborn mortality. And the first embrace is improves the children’s immunity. We determined urgent problems for EENC including a lack of maternal health education, inadequate salaries for health care providers, a lack of essential medicines and commodities for birth preparation and numbers of health care providers delivering neonatal intensive care are increased due to the stillbirth rate has increased dramatically year by year.The first embrace is important to reduce neonatal mortality rate and 92.0% of all participants have the enough experiences for the first embrace care and 80.3% of all participants for the EENC.

Neonatal Near Miss: the need for a standard definition and appropriate criteria and the rationale for a prospective surveillance system

In Latin American, there is currently a regional action with the main purposes of putting the concept of severe neonatal morbidity in practice and formulating proposals for interventions. A general overview of neonatal health conditions, including morbidity and mortality, is provided to update regional knowledge on the topic. An example of the development and implementation of the concept of maternal near miss is also provided, followed by results from a systematic review covering all previously published studies on Neonatal Near Miss. Finally, some proposals for building a common concept on the topic and for launching a prospective surveillance study are presented. A Neonatal Near Miss is a neonate who had a severe morbidity (organ dysfunction or failure) but who survived this condition within the first 27 days of life. The pragmatic criteria recommended to be used are as follows: birth weight below 1700 g, Apgar score below 7 at 5 minutes of life and gestational age below 33 weeks. As a proxy for organ dysfunction, the following management criteria are also confirmed: parenteral therapeutic antibiotics; nasal continuous positive airway pressure; any intubation during the first 27 days of life; phototherapy within the first 24 h of life; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; the use of vasoactive drugs, anticonvulsants, surfactants, blood products and steroids for refractory hypoglycemia and any surgical procedure. Although this study starts from a regional perspective, this topic is clearly globally relevant. All nations, especially low and middle-income countries, could benefit from the proposed standardization.

Validação da escala percepção de autoeficácia da parentalidade materna em amostra brasileira / Validation of the scale of perceived self-efficacy of maternal parenting in brazilian sample

Self-efficacy matches the belief that a person has that she is able to produce the results she wants to achieve. The beliefs of self-efficacy that parents have about the baby emerge as a powerful predictor of positive parenting OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to evaluate the maternal self-efficacy behavior in hospitalized mothers and validate an instrument for measuring this concept developed and validated in England by Barnes and Adamson-Macedo, in 2007 METHOD: this cross-sectional exploratory study convenience cohort comprised 87 mothers of newborn babies, 26 premature and 61 full-term infants. The scale Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP S-E), which consists of 20 items that represent four subscales was tested for reliability and validity RESULTS: the internal consistency of the scale PAEPM reached a value of .86, the internal consistency and reliability estimates for each of the subscales also reached acceptable values. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) confirmed the validity of the construct and the scores of self-efficacy were normally distributed for both subgroups and total sample CONCLUSIONS: PMP S-E scale proved to be an easy application tool and psychometrically robust, reliable and valid for use with mothers of hospitalized new-borns both premature as the term clinically stable. It is a reliable method of identifying mothers of babies who need more support from the hospital staff...

Esta pesquisa se propôs a avaliar o comportamento de autoeficácia materna em mães e gestantes hospitalizadas e validar um instrumento de medida deste para este conceito elaborado e validado na Inglaterra por Barnes e Adamson-Macedo, em 2007. A autoeficácia corresponde a crenças que uma pessoa possui de que ela é capaz de produzir os resultados que deseja alcançar. As crenças de autoeficácia que os pais têm sobre o bebê surgem como um poderoso preditor para práticas parentais positivas MÉTODO: estudo exploratório observacional de corte de conveniência composta por mães de 87 bebês recém-nascidos, sendo 26 bebês nascidos prematuros e 61 bebês nascidos a termo.A escala de Percepção de Autoeficácia de Parentalidade Materna (PAEPM), que é composta por 20 itens que representam quatro sub-escalas, foi testada para a confiabilidade e validade RESULTADOS: a consistência interna da escala PAEPM alcançou o valor de .86, As estimativas de consistência interna e confiabilidade para cada uma das sub-escalas também atingiu valores aceitáveis. Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) confirmou a validade do constructo e os escores de autoeficácia foram normalmente distribuídos para ambos os subgrupos e amostra total CONCLUSÕES: a escala PAEPM mostrou ser uma ferramenta de fácil aplicação e psicometricamente robusta, confiável e válida para uso com mães de recém-nascidos tanto prematuros quanto a termo hospitalizados com quadro clinico estável. É um método confiável de identificação de mães de bebês hospitalizados que precisam de mais apoio das equipes hospitalares...

Relación entre la edad materna avanzada y la morbilidad neonatal en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. Enero-Octubre del 2012 / Relationship between advanced maternal age and neonatal morbidity in the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza between January and October 2012

Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre la edad materna avanzada y la morbilidad neonatal en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. Material y Métodos: Estudio tipo cohorte, comparativo, analítico, retrospectivo. Se utilizó una muestra de 2771 recién nacidos entre Enero y Octubre del 2012, de los cuales fueron 460 de madres mayores de 35 años y 2311 de madres entre 20 y 34 años. El análisis estadístico utilizó SPSS 21.0 y se incluyó la prueba de chi cuadrado, siendo un valor de p < 0.05 considerado para la significancia estadística. Resultados: El 1.3% de los recién nacidos de madres añosas presentaron trisomía 21, en comparación con un 0.13% en las madres de 20 a 34 años (p < 0.001; RR: 10.16 IC 95%: 2.5 - 40.8). El parto por cesárea representó el 51.52% en el grupo de mayores de 35 y 37.78% en el grupo control (p< 0.001; RR: 1.75 , IC 95%: 1.43 - 2.14). No se halló diferencia significativa al comparar el resto de morbilidades en ambos grupos, siendo estas la Enfermedad de Membrana Hialina (p=0.824),Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio (p=0.448), Sepsis Neonatal (p=0.309). Conclusiones: La edad materna avanzada se asoció con una mayor tasa de cesáreas y más riesgo de tener un hijo con síndrome de Down. No se evidenció que la edad materna avanzada se asocie al aumento de la morbimortalidad neonatal.

Objective: Determine the relationship between advanced maternal age and neonatal morbidity in the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza. Material and Methods: Cohort study, comparative, analytical, retrospective. A total of 2771 infants between January and October 2012 were included in the study; of which 460 were born of mothers aged over 35 and 2311 of mothers between 20 and 34 years. Statistical analysis used SPSS 21.0 and included the chi-square test, considering a p value of <0.05 for statistical significance. Results: 1.3% of newborns of older mothers had trisomy 21, compared with 0.13% in mothers aged 20 to 34 years (p <0.001, RR: 10.16, 95% CI 2.5 - 40.8). The cesarean delivery accounted for 51.52% in the group of aged over 35 and 37.78% in the control group (p <0.001, RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.43 - 2.14). There was no significant difference for other morbidities in both groups; hyaline membrane disease (p = 0.824), respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.448) and neonatal sepsis (p = 0.309). Conclusions: Advanced maternal age was associated with a higher rate of C-sections and a higher risk of having a child with Down syndrome. There was no evidence that advanced maternal age is associated with increased neonatal morbidity.

Does utilization pattern of antennal care & early neonatal practices improved by close supervision and support intervention among primigravidae in the tribal area? - Community based interventional study.

Pregnancy related complications are among the leading causes of death and disability for women aged 15-49 in India. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) is contributing to the various health needs still the antenatal care utilization and neonatal practices are very poor especially in the tribal pockets of Maharashtra. Our aim was to assess the impact of close supervision and support intervention (CSSI) among primigravidae as compared to non-intervened primigravidae. Community based interventional study done in the tribal rural health training centre (RHTC) which is field practice area of tertiary health care institute.Total of 120 registered primigravidae mothers were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups interventional group (N=30) and non- interventional group (N= 90).The CSSI was given to interventional group. Only 57 (42.50%) & 59(49.17%) women had taken two doses of TT immunization and ≥100 IFA tablets respectively. Regular CSSI helped to increase the ANC visits 25(83.33%), helped to confine delivery either at the RHTC or private hospital 29(96.70%).Maximum mothers i.e. 17(90%) and 30(100%) initiated breast feeding within 1 hour and fed colostrums to their baby respectively.

Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity in infants ≥1500 g birth weight.

In this retrospective case series, we report the spectrum and outcomes of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) in infants ≥1500 g birth weight. Twenty‑nine eyes of 15 infants are included. All infants were referred from level I or II nurseries, received supplemental unmonitored oxygen for prolonged duration (>1 week) and had multiple systemic co‑morbidities. Of the 29 eyes, 10 (34.5%) had zone 1 and 19 (65.5%) had posterior zone 2 disease. Twenty‑five (86.2%) eyes had flat neovascularization and 4 (13.8%) eyes had brush like proliferation. We noticed large vascular loops in 10 (34.5%) eyes. After confluent laser photocoagulation, 22 (75.9%) eyes had a favorable outcome. The study concludes that APROP in heavier (≥1500 g birth weight) premature infants occurs mostly in posterior zone 2 with flat neovascularization and atypical features like large vascular loops. Supplemental unmonitored oxygen for prolonged duration and multiple systemic co‑morbidities could be a contributing factor.

Clinical research informing neonatal care at the University Hospital of the West Indies: 50 years experience / La investigación clínica al servicio de la información para el cuidado neonatal en la Universidad de West Indies: 50 años de experiencias

Neonatology has rapidly grown over the past few years to its present status of a highly technologically driven specialty. Centres in resource restricted countries tend to adopt management guidelines from the developed world and integrate them into local practice. Although international neonatal practices have influenced neonatal care at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), over the past fifty years there has been local clinical research done at the hospital that has informed local practice. Causes of neonatal mortality have been documented and this has informed neonatal resuscitation practices, infection control policies and ventilatory support of premature infants. Changes in the incidence of various aetiologies of jaundice over the years have altered how jaundiced neonates are investigated and managed. Research on neonatal sepsis has informed antibiotic choices and treatment regimes. Studies on preterm infants have informed management polices on ensuring optimal thermal environment, on the timing of discharge and on neurodevelopmental follow-up. It is clear that clinical research at the UHWI has informed neonatal care at the institution over the past 50 years and it is hoped that it will continue to do so for the next 50 years and beyond.

La neonatología se ha desarrollado rapidamente en los últimos años hasta alcanzar su presente estado como especialidad altamente informada por la tecnologia. Los centros en países con recursos limitados tienden a adoptar lineamientos para el tratamiento tomados del mundo desarrollado e integrarlos a la práctica local. Aunque las prácticas neonatales a nivel internacional han influido en el cuidado neonatal en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (HUWI), durante los últimos cincuenta años se han realizado investigaciones clínicas locales en el hospital, que han informado la práctica local. Las causas de la mortalidad neonatal han sido documentadas, y la información obtenida ha venido a formar parte de las prácticas de resucitación neonatal, las políticas de control de las infecciones, y el soporte ventilatorio de los infantes prematuros. Los cambios en la incidencia de varias etiologías de ictericia a lo largo de los años, han alterado la forma en que se investigan y tratan los neonatos con ictericia. La investigación sobre la sepsis neonatal ha informado las opciones sobre los antibióticos así como los regimenes de tratamiento. Los estudios sobre los infantespretérmino (bebésprematuros) han pasado a informar las conductas de tratamiento con respecto a asegurar un ambiente térmico, en relación con el tiempo del alta, así como con respecto al seguimiento del neurodesarrollo. Está claro que la información proveniente de la investigación clínica en HUWI ha pasado a ser parte del cuidado neonatal en la institución en los últimos 50 años, y se espera que continúe siéndolo más allá de los próximos 50 años.

A systematic review of the burden of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the ASEAN Region.

Neonatal morbidity and mortality are major global public health challenges representing an increasing proportion of overall under-5 child mortality, with the vast majority of neonatal deaths occurring in resource-limited settings. In the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, it is estimated that approximately 200 000 neonatal deaths occur annually with reported estimates of the neonatal mortality rate ranging from 1 to over 30 per 1000 live-births, depending on the setting. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of published data on neonatal morbidity and mortality from the ASEAN region over the last 10 years. Very few published studies reporting neonatal morbidity and mortality in this region were found. Importantly, data are available from just a few countries, with an underrepresentation of the most resource-limited settings. The majority of the studies describing mortality and morbidity were retrospective surveys or focussed on a specific cause of neonatal morbidity. Studies included findings from a range of settings, from neonatal intensive care to community settings utilizing verbal autopsy. Therefore, comprehensive and prospective data are needed to inform priorities and potential interventions to improve neonatal care and reduce neonatal mortality in this region.

Neonatal pain relief: Meanings attributed by staff in a Neonatal Unit

Diariamente los neonatos internados en la Unidad Neonatal son expuestos entre 0 a 53 procedimientos, la tercera parte no reciben analgesia aun cuando 12 de ellos son reportados como muy dolorosos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo que tuvo como objetivo aprender los significados para el equipo de salud acerca del dolor neonatal. A través de un muestreo teórico se entrevistaron 14 profesionales que trabajan en una Unidad Neonatal de un hospital general. Mediante análisis de contenido, modalidad de análisis temático se obtuvieron los significados. Resultados (significados): 1. Causar un dolor necesario 2. Aliviar el dolor del neonato 3. Participación de la madre en el alivio del dolor. Se concluye que para los profesionales de la salud, el dolor neonatal es inherente al tratamiento médico y de enfermería. Las ideas se relacionan con el paradigma de su formación profesional. Es necesario sensibilizarlos para la prevención y manejo del dolor de los neonatos que atienden.

Every day neonates are exposed from 0 to 53 procedures. A third does not receive any analgesia even when 12 of the procedures are reported as very painful. We conducted a descriptive study of qualitative approach, using content analysis in the form of thematic analysis. The aim was to discover the meanings of neonatal pain from the health professionals in the Neonatal Unit of regional coverage. Through theoretical sampling, 14 professionals were selected. Results: 1.Causing a necessary pain. 2. Healing pain in the neonate. 3. Mother's participation for pain relief. Conclusions: Neonatal pain is considered inherent in medical treatment and nursing. The ideas of analgesia to newborns admitted in the Neonatal Unit are related to the dominant paradigm in vocational training. It is necessary to educate and sensitize the medical and nursing community regarding the prevention and management of pain in newborns admitted in the Neonatal Unit.

Regionalization of neonatal care and neonatal transport system / 소아과

In the United States, The concept of designation for hospital facilities that care for newborn infants according to the level of complexity of care provided was first proposed in 1976. The extent of perinatal health care regionalization varies widely from one area to the other. facilities that provide hospital care for newborn are classified into three categories on the basis of functional capabilities; level I-primary or basic care, level II-secondary or specialty care, level III-tertially or subspecialty care. These facilities should be organized within a regionalized system of perinatal care. The transport system of newborn infants should be organized for referral of high risk newborn to centers with the personnel and resources needed for their degree of risk and severity of illness. In Korea, The korean society of neonatology was established and articulated in the 1994. During the past decade, the number of neonatologist has increased and neonatal intensive care units have proliferated in Korea. However, no standard definitions exist for the graded levels of complexity of care that neonatal intensive care units provide and no uniform guideline or recommendation for regionalization and referral system of high risk neonate have been established. With the rapid changing neonatal care system in Korea, the optimal neonatal care demands regionalization of care in utilization of manpower resources and in efficient use of advanced technology and facility.

Recent Advances in Medical Equipments for Neonatal Care

Although the survival and quality of life of high-risk babies including very tiny babies such as those with 500g of birth weight have improved since the 1970s due to the progress of medical technology, it is true that the medical personnel seem to be dependent more on the mechanics than on the visual inspection of patients. In Korea, the infant mortality rate has reached almost the same level to those in advanced countries such as Japan, Sweden, and the United States. In the past, medical equipments used to be very big in size and difficult to manage with complicated manuals. However, the equipments nowadays are smaller, more functional and safe, and simpler to manage. Since many kinds of medical equipments are used in the treatment and diagnosis of high-risk neonates in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), it is important to be able to use them safely and effectively. Medical personnel should understand the characteristics of the equipments and how to use them well, and also should consider their safety and cost-effectiveness.