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Objective To understand the pathological role of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in rat allograft vascular lesions and the effects of triptolide.Methods The abdominal aorta transplantation between Wistar and SD rats was used as an animal model.Three groups were set up..the same genome group (group A),the allogeneic control group (group B),and the isogene Triptolide group (group C).The grafts were removed at 7th,28th,and 56th day after surgery.The transplant artery intima thickness was measured.The irnmunohistochemical staining was applied to observe the NOS2 expression in the vascular tissue layers.The integral optical density value in each group was calculated.Results The arterial intima of transplants at 28th and 56th day postoperation was thickened,and that was thickest in group C among the three groups (P＜0.05).There was significant difference in intima thickness and integral optical density between group C with groups A and B (P＜ 0.05).The expression of NOS2 was strongest in group B,and that in group C was significantly weaker than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Triptolide is capable of slowing down the progression of graft vascular disease by inhibiting the expression of NOS2.
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Objective To study the adverse effects on periodontal tissues caused by crownless roots in elderly people with osteoporosis. Methods Totally 60 12?week SD rats(30 male and 30 female)were randomly divided into the control group(10 male and 10 female sham?operated rats)and the osteoporosis group(20 male and 20 female castrated rats). After 12 weeks,the bone mineral density of right femora was measured by dual energy X?ray for all rats to confirm osteoporosis. The right molar crown was pinched off with haemostatic forceps and the molar root was retained. The 10 con?trol rats and the 20 experimental rats were sacrificed respectively at postoperative 2 and 4 weeks. The periodontal tissues of right molar were sampled and the morphology of the parodontium and the alveolar bone was observed by haematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and the expression of tumour necrosis factor?alpha(TNF?α)and inducible nitric oxide synthase?2(NOS2)was detected by immunohistochemical staining and real time fluores?cent quantitative PCR(qRT?PCR). Results The HE slices indicated that the periodontal tissues in the osteoporosis group were significantly im?paired compared to the control group as the structure of parodontium loosened. Bone impairment aggravated over time. TNF?αstaining showed as a few claybank spots on the parodontium in the control group,while the staining colour was darkened in the osteoporosis group. The expression of TNF?αmRNA was significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than in the control group(P0.05). Conclusion The crownless roots in rats with os?teoporosis cause adverse effects of periodontal tissues as the roots accelerate absorption of the surrounding alveolar tissues. It is indicated that crown?less roots in elderly people with osteoporosis should be removed as soon as possible.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills more people than any other single pathogen, with an estimated one-third of the world's population being infected. Among those infected, only 10 percent will develop the disease. There are several demonstrations that susceptibility to tuberculosis is linked to host genetic factors in twins, family and associated-based case control studies. In the past years, there has been dramatic improvement in our understanding of the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the human host defense to tuberculosis. To date, attention has been paid to the role of genetic host and parasitic factors in tuberculosis pathogenesis mainly regarding innate and adaptive immune responses and their complex interactions. Many studies have focused on the candidate genes for tuberculosis susceptibility ranging from those expressed in several cells from the innate or adaptive immune system such as Toll-like receptors, cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-1b, IL-1RA, IL-12, IL-10), nitric oxide synthase and vitamin D, both nuclear receptors and their carrier, the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). The identification of possible genes that can promote resistance or susceptibility to tuberculosis could be the first step to understanding disease pathogenesis and can help to identify new tools for treatment and vaccine development. Thus, in this mini-review, we summarize the current state of investigation on some of the genetic determinants, such as the candidate polymorphisms of vitamin D, VDBP, Toll-like receptor, nitric oxide synthase 2 and interferon-γ genes, to generate resistance or susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection.