Determinants of Voluntary Smoke- Free Home Among Non- Smoking Women in Alor Gajah, Melaka

Abstract@#Introduction: Second hand smoke exposure to cigarette smoke leads to many medical conditions including asthma and lung cancer. Women are the most vulnerable adults of passive smoking at home. Even though Malaysia had its own smoke- free policy, the smoke- free home is voluntary in nature. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the practice of voluntary smoke- free- home among women in Alor Gajah and its determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on multistage sampling was conducted among 180 non- smoking women in areas implemented Community Intervention Program (KOSPEN), which emphasized on healthy lifestyle, in Alor Gajah, Melaka from April 2018 to May 2018. Data on sociodemographic characteristic, characteristic of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, knowledge, attitude and avoidance behaviour from SHS were collected using questionnaires. The data were then analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24.0 involving descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of the respondents practised smoke- free home (72.8%). The predictors of smoke- free home were those who attained higher education (AOR= 11.939, 95% CI 1.175- 121.277), did not live with any children (AOR= 3.546, 95% CI 0.985- 12.765) and lived with smokers other than their husband (AOR= 3.793, 95% CI 1.192- 12.076). Conclusion: Education level and household factors were significant predictors of smoke- free home. Thus, few measures were suggested to increase tobacco bans at home among women including periodic health programs, community empowerment programs and creating smoke- free housing.

A case -control study on risk factors of lung cancer among non -smoking women / 预防医学

Objective To explore the risk factors of lung cancer among non -smoking women.Methods A total of 229 new cases of lung cancer among non -smoking women from 2005 to 2008 were collected.The design method of 1 to 2 matching case -control study was used controlling age,sex and smoking conditions.The data was analyzed by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis.Results Single factor analysis identified 13 risk factors (all P <0.05).The multivariate conditional logistic regression and factor analysis showed that respiratory disease history,family history of cancer,poor interpersonal relationship,psychological problems,feeling heavy smoke when cooking,consumption of salty and dry food,later menarche and passive smoking were risk factors (OR =24.427,5.539,3.041,2.622,1.856, 1.724,1.565 and 1.598 respectively),high income level and high consumption of vegetables were protective factors (OR =0.650 and 0.683 ).Conclusion respiratory disease history, family history of cancer, poor interpersonal relationship and psychological problems are main risk factors of lung cancer among non -smoking women.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Lung Cancer in Korean Non-Smoking Women

Lung cancer in never-smokers ranks as the seventh most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and the incidence of lung cancer in non-smoking Korean women appears to be steadily increasing. To identify the effect of genetic polymorphisms on lung cancer risk in non-smoking Korean women, we conducted a genome-wide association study of Korean female non-smokers with lung cancer. We analyzed 440,794 genotype data of 285 cases and 1,455 controls, and nineteen SNPs were associated with lung cancer development (P < 0.001). For external validation, nineteen SNPs were replicated in another sample set composed of 293 cases and 495 controls, and only rs10187911 on 2p16.3 was significantly associated with lung cancer development (dominant model, OR of TG or GG, 1.58, P = 0.025). We confirmed this SNP again in another replication set composed of 546 cases and 744 controls (recessive model, OR of GG, 1.32, P = 0.027). OR and P value in combined set were 1.37 and < 0.001 in additive model, 1.51 and < 0.001 in dominant model, and 1.54 and < 0.001 in recessive model. The effect of this SNP was found to be consistent only in adenocarcinoma patients (1.36 and < 0.001 in additive model, 1.49 and < 0.001 in dominant model, and 1.54 and < 0.001 in recessive model). Furthermore, after imputation with HapMap data, we found regional significance near rs10187911, and five SNPs showed P value less than that of rs10187911 (rs12478012, rs4377361, rs13005521, rs12475464, and rs7564130). Therefore, we concluded that a region on chromosome 2 is significantly associated with lung cancer risk in Korean non-smoking women.