Comparative Study of the Distal Transverse Arch of the Hand Between the Dominant and Non-Dominant Hands and By Age and Sex / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Introduction：The range of motion (ROM) of the distal transverse arch of the hand has not been established and cleared sufficiently.Purpose：The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in the distal transverse arch of the hand in ROM between the dominant and non-dominant hands and by sex and age.Participants：We enrolled 118 healthy participants aged 20-69 years.Results：The average active and passive ROMs of the distal transverse arch of the hand were 135.4° ± 10.3°/168.9° ± 12.1° on the dominant side and 131.8° ± 9.8°/166.9° ± 13.2° on the non-dominant side. Active and passive ROMs were significantly larger on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side (p＜0.001, p＝0.009). The active or passive ROM of the distal transverse arch of the hand on either side did not differ significantly between men and women. However, the ROM of the ring finger component was significantly larger in women than in men on both sides (p＝0.02～0.003). The active and passive ROMs of the distal transverse arch in both hands were significantly smaller in participants aged over 60 years than in those aged up to 60 years (p＜0.05). Moreover, compared to participants in their 20s, participants in their 30s and 40s showed lower passive ROMs of the dominant hand and little finger component of the transversal arch in both hands (p＜0.05).Discussion：Our results suggested that handedness, sex, and age should be considered when managing the distal transverse arch of the hand.

Comparative Study of the Distal Transverse Arch of the Hand Between the Dominant and Non-Dominant Hands and By Age and Sex / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Introduction：The range of motion (ROM) of the distal transverse arch of the hand has not been established and cleared sufficiently.Purpose：The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in the distal transverse arch of the hand in ROM between the dominant and non-dominant hands and by sex and age.Participants：We enrolled 118 healthy participants aged 20-69 years.Results：The average active and passive ROMs of the distal transverse arch of the hand were 135.4° ± 10.3°/168.9° ± 12.1° on the dominant side and 131.8° ± 9.8°/166.9° ± 13.2° on the non-dominant side. Active and passive ROMs were significantly larger on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side (p＜0.001, p＝0.009). The active or passive ROM of the distal transverse arch of the hand on either side did not differ significantly between men and women. However, the ROM of the ring finger component was significantly larger in women than in men on both sides (p＝0.02～0.003). The active and passive ROMs of the distal transverse arch in both hands were significantly smaller in participants aged over 60 years than in those aged up to 60 years (p＜0.05). Moreover, compared to participants in their 20s, participants in their 30s and 40s showed lower passive ROMs of the dominant hand and little finger component of the transversal arch in both hands (p＜0.05).Discussion：Our results suggested that handedness, sex, and age should be considered when managing the distal transverse arch of the hand.

Can virtual reality surgical simulator improve the function of the non-dominant hand in ophthalmic surgeons?

Purpose: Phacoemulsification surgery requires the use of both hands; however, some surgeons may not be comfortable using their non?dominant hand, especially in critical steps such as chopping. This work aims at assessing whether a virtual reality simulator can help cataract surgeons train their non?dominant hand using the capsulorhexis module. Methods: This was a prospective observational study including thirty ophthalmic surgeons; none of them had previous training on the EyeSi surgical simulator. Twenty?three were experienced, and seven were intermediate surgeons. Surgeons were asked to perform capsulorhexis three times using their dominant hand and then using their non?dominant hand. A performance score based on efficiency, target achievement, instrument handling, and tissue treatment was calculated by the simulator. Results: A significant improvement in the score of surgeons using their non?dominant hand from the first trial (69.57 ± 18.9) to the third trial (84.9 ± 9.2) (P < 0.001) was found, whereas such improvement was not noted with the dominant hand (P = 0.12). Twenty?six surgeons managed to reach 90% of the mean score achieved by dominant hand by using their non?dominant hand, 11 (36.7%) from the first trial, seven (23.3%) from the second, and eight (26.7%) from the third. Conclusion: Cataract surgeons showed significant improvement in the scores of their non?dominant hands with simulator training. Thus, it is possible to safely train non?dominant hands for difficult tasks away from the operating room, which would be a fruitful addition to residency training programs

Índice de asimetría bilateral morfológica de extremidades inferiores y superiores en jugadores de baloncesto universitario / The upper and lower limb bilateral morphological asymmetry index in university basketball players

Introducción: El baloncesto es objeto de múltiples estudios que incluye la valoración mediante tecnologías actuales como la bioimpedancia. Objetivo: Comparar los índices de asimetría (IA) de las extremidades superiores e inferiores en jugadores de baloncesto universitario por nivel deportivo. Método: Se evaluaron 24 jugadores de baloncesto de diferente nivel competitivo, representativo 1) universitario (n = 12) y 2) facultad (n = 12). Se determinó la circunferencia de brazos y piernas, además de masa magra y grasa por bioimpedancia. Se determinó el índice de asimetría de los miembros inferiores y superiores y se compararon por nivel deportivo. Resultados: La comparación de los índices de asimetría entre brazos y piernas en el grupo total identificó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) en lo referente a la masa grasa, con mayor adiposidad en extremidades superiores, y un índice de asimetría de -10,8. Cuando se compararon las mismas variables en función del nivel deportivo, los jugadores representantes de la universidad mostraron mayores valores (p < 0,05) en el índice de asimetría de la masa total, circunferencias, masa magra y masa grasa. Las comparaciones intergrupales señalan diferencias en los índices de asimetría del brazo vs. la pierna en masa magra para ambos grupos (p < 0,05) mientras que los de la facultad mostraron diferencia también para grasa con índice de asimetría de 18,3 (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Indistintamente del nivel deportivo, existen diferentes niveles del índice de asimetría entre extremidades superiores e inferiores en el componente de masa grasa, aunque menores valores del índice de asimetría fueron característicos de los individuos de mayor nivel deportivo(AU)

Introduction: Basketball has been the object of many studies, including assessments based on current technologies such as bioimpedance. Objective: Compare the asymmetry indices (AI) for upper and lower limbs in university basketball players. Methods: An evaluation was conducted of 24 basketball players from different competitive levels, representing 1) the university (n = 12) and 2) the school (n = 12). Determination was made of arm and leg circumference, as well as lean mass and fat by bioimpedance. The lower and upper limb asymmetry index was estimated and compared between the competitive levels. Results: Comparison of the arms and legs asymmetry indices in the total group revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) as to fat mass, with greater adiposity in the upper limbs and an asymmetry index of 10.8. Comparison of the same variables between the sports levels found that players representing the university displayed higher values (p < 0.05) in the asymmetry index for total mass, circumferences, lean mass and fat mass. Comparison between the groups found differences in the arm vs. leg asymmetry indices for lean mass in both groups (p < 0.05), whereas the school players also showed differences for fat, with an asymmetry index of 18.3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Regardless of the sports level, different asymmetry indices are found between upper and lower limbs as to fat mass, though smaller asymmetry index values were characteristic of individuals from a higher sports level(AU)

The Effectiveness of Non-dominant Hand in Performing Oral Hygiene Care

@#Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of dental plaque removal and to determine factors that could influence its efficacy when using the non-dominant hand. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed on a group of dental students. Dominant hands were determined using Edinburg Handedness Inventory questionnaire, and the dental plaque scores were examined using Quigley-Hein (Turesky) index. All of the participants were examined twice for dental plaque index scores. Data obtained was analyzed using a paired t-test and an independent t-test. Factors which influenced the dental plaque removal were listed and categorized accordingly. Results: A total of 62 dental undergraduates participated in the study. A high percentage of them, (71%, n = 44) were found to be right-handed. There was a significant increase in the dental plaque score for the left-handed participants, from baseline (use of the dominant hand) to follow-up appointment (after brushing their teeth with non-dominant hands) (p< 0.01). A significant change was found between the right- and left-handed participants in the first quadrant of the buccal side (p<0.05). Factors identified to be beneficial in dental plaque control were; using a mirror while brushing, extending brushing time, increasing brushing frequency, using additional tooth aids and powered toothbrushes. Conclusions: This study revealed that left-handed participants have less ability to remove dental plaque with their non-dominant hands. The right-handed participants, showed better controls in plaque removal with their non-dominant hands, compared to their left-handed peers on the buccal side of the first quadrant.

Comparison of NCV of Right and Left Limb in Right handed Male Subjects.

Background: Nerve Conduction Velocity is affected by various factors like age gender & temperature. Various studies have been done regarding development of brain and dominance of right or left side, some studies have found differences between left and right hand for nerve conduction. Our aim is to compare NCV of dominant limb to nondominant limb in right hand dominant subjects and to find out if different normal values should be considered in right and left hand. Methods: The Median and Common Peroneal Nerve (CPN) of dominant as well as Non- dominant limb were used for measuring Motor & Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity (MNCV & SNCV) in age groups of 31-35 and 36- 40 years using Medicaid system. Results: We found p value was insignificant using unpaired t-test for MNCV & SNCV of Median and Common Peroneal Nerve of left and right side. Similarly, the MNCV & SNCV of dominant and nondominant limb for median and CPN were insignificant. Conclusion: Consideration of right or left side dominance is not necessary while measuring NCV in asymptomatic subjects and different set of normal values are not required for right and left hand.

The Angle Kappa in Dominant and Non-Dominant Eye

PURPOSE: To evaluate differences between dominant and non-dominant eyes by analyzing angle kappa in dominant and non-dominant eyes. METHODS: Fifty-seven subjects who had best corrected visual acuity 20/20 in the better-seeing eye and no underlying ocular disease were recruited. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. Corneal topography, refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length were evaluated in both eyes. RESULTS: On corneal topography examination, the angle kappa and white-to-white measurements were significantly smaller in the dominant eye than the non-dominant eye (p = 0.013 and p = 0.045, respectively). However, no significant differences in sim K's' astigmatism (p = 0.210), central corneal thickness (p = 0.533), and anterior chamber depth (p = 0.216) were observed. In addition, cylindrical powers of the subjects measured by autorefraction (AR) were significantly lower in the dominant eye (p = 0.026); however no differences in spherical equivalent measured by AR (p = 0.061), IOP measured using pneumonic tonometer (p = 0.536), or axial length measured using laser biometry (p = 0.093) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found the angle kappa a new factor in determining the dominant and non-dominant eye. Difference in axial length and spherical equivalent between dominant and non-dominant eye may be associated with the difference in angle kappa.

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Optic Disc Parameters in Dominant Compared with Non-Dominant Eyes

PURPOSE: To investigate the comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic disc parameters measured by optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT(R)) in dominant and non-dominant eyes. METHODS: Seventy-one subjects without underlying ocular disease were recruited for the present study. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. Comprehensive standardized eye examinations were performed. Scans of the optic disc and RNFL were performed using OCT. RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of the dominant eye was higher than its counterpart (p = 0.025). No significant differences were observed in uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error and axial length between dominant and non-dominant eyes (p = 0.235, 0.180, 0.850). No RNFL and optic disc features were identified in the dominant from non-dominant eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Although dominant eyes tended to have higher IOP than non-dominant eyes, no consistent ocular structural differences between dominant and non-dominant eyes with the use of OCT were found.

Effect of Dominant Versus Non-dominant Vision in Postural Control

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of dominant and non-dominant vision in controlling posture in quiet stance. METHOD: Twenty-five healthy elderly subjects aged over 60 years old and twenty-five young subjects aged under 30 years old were assessed by computerized dynamic posturography. Postural stability was measured in two conditions; dominant eye open and non-dominant eye open. We used the sensory organization test (SOT) for evaluating sensory impairment. A SOT assessed the subject's ability to use and integrate somatosensory input, vision, and vestibular cues effectively to maintain balance. The SOT was conducted 3 times, and the average value of the 3 trials was used for data analysis. Equilibrium scores reflected the subject's anteroposterior sway. The highest possible score was 100, which indicated that the subject did not sway at all, and a score of 0 indicated a fall from the footplate. Determination of ocular dominance was performed by a hole-in-the card test. RESULTS: For the twenty-five young subjects in this study, equilibrium score in two conditions did not differ. However, for elderly subjects over 60 years, the equilibrium score in dominant vision was higher than in nondominant vision (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In young subjects, there were no significant differences in postural control between dominant vision and non-dominant vision. However, in elderly subjects, postural control in non-dominant vision was significantly impaired. Therefore, the evaluation of a dominant eye should be considered in rehabilitation programs for elderly people.

The Refractive Errors of Dominant and Non-dominant Eyes

PURPOSE: To evaluate differences between dominant and non-dominant eyes through analyzing refractive factors in determination of the dominant eye. METHODS: Sixty-two subjects without underlying ocular disease were recruited. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. Uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were checked in both eyes. RESULTS: Mean uncorrected visual acuity of the dominant and non-dominant eye were 0.41 and 0.39, respectively. The number of patients whose uncorrected visual acuity of the dominant eye was superior to the non-dominant eye was 18(29%), and inferior to the non-dominant eye was 18(29%). Mean refractive power in the dominant eye was -3.2 diopter and -3.43 diopter degrees in the non-dominant eye, therefore no difference in degrees of myopia between the groups (P=0.282) was observed. The number of patients whose dominant eye had a greater degree of myopia than the non-dominant eye was 24(39%) and the patients with a lower degree of myopia in the dominant eye was 32(52%). Astigmatism of the dominant eye was lower than the non-dominant eye in 35(56%) of the patients, thus a significant relationship was shown between astigmatism and the dominant eye (P=0.0014). The mean IOP of the dominant eye was 15.4 mmHg and the non-dominant eye was 15.7 mmHg, showing no significant difference between eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The dominant eye showed a lower degree of astigmatism than the non-dominant eye. The previous belief that myopia is more progressed in the dominant eye than the non-dominant eye because of excessive accommodative use of the dominant eye requires further study.

Ictal Spitting in a Patient with Dominant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Discrepancy between Epileptogenic and Symptomatogenic Areas for Spitting Automatism

Ictal spitting is an unusual manifestation that originates from the non-dominant hemisphere, but rarely from the dominant hemisphere. In the latter case, it has not been well defined as to whether symptomatogenic area for ictal spitting originates from the dominant hemisphere. We present a patient with ictal spitting. Intracranial EEG demonstrated a left hippocampal onset with propagation to the right hemisphere, and subsequent ictal spitting development. Even in dominant hemispheric seizures, the non-dominant hemisphere is a symptomatogenic area for ictal spitting.

Apraxia of Lid Opening after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Delayed Complication

Apraxia of lid opening (ALO) has been suggested to be a dysfunction of the supranuclear control of the levator palpebrae superioris caused mainly by basal ganglial lesion. The hypometabolism of the medial frontal lobe may be a pathophysiologic mechanism in ALO. We report two ALO patients who developed these symptoms as a delayed complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Their MRI showed encephalomalacia in the Rt. medial frontal cortex, which was not shown in initial brain CT scans. Delayed pathologic changes after TBI may contribute to the development of ALO in these cases.

Ocular Dominance Determined by Near Point of Convergence Test in Intermittent Exotropia

This study was designed to validate the usefulness of the near point of convergence(NPC)test in determination of dominant & non-domnant eyes in intermittent exotropia patients. We performed NPC test in 36 intermittent exotrpic patients, and then, determined the non-dominant eye which deviated outward beyond the NPC. The dominant eyes determined by the NPC were compared to those that were determined by amblyopia, sensory fusion and photophobia. Best corrected visual acuity was used to divide patients into two groups : 26 patients without amblyopia, and 10 with amblyopia. Among the amblyopia group, if the eyes with better visual acuity were taken as dominant eyes, then eight(80%)cases were identical with the NPC test and two(20%)cases were different. Ten patients had sensory anomaly, and among then, nine(90%)cases were identical with the NPC test and one(10%)case was different. Twenty six(64%)patients had photophobia in one eye and all(100%)cases were identical with the NPC test. In intermittent exotropia, determination of dominant eye by the NPC test showed high coincidence with other tests. Therefore, we suggest that the NPC test is an easy and accurate method in determining either the dominant or non-dominant eye for surgery.

The Surgical Results of Medial Rectus Muscle Resection of Dominant Eye and Lateral Rectus Muscle Recession of Non-dominant Eye in Intermittent Exotropia

Intermittent Exotropia has been treated by various surgical methods such as bilateral medial rectus resection, lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection of deviating eye, and bilateral lateral rectus recession. However, the outcomes of such operations are unsatisfactory because of high incidence of postoperative undercorrection and overcorrection. Authors have performed a surgical method which is the medial rectus muscle resection of dominant eye and lateral rectus muscle recession of non-dominant eye in 68 patients. Authors considered the outcome successful if patients achieve deviation between 10 PD of exophoria and 5 PD of esophoria, good stereopsis, no suppression and no manifest deviation. The success rate was 83.8% (57/68) and there was no overcorrection over 6 months follow-up. As postoperative complications, 5 cases of temporary turning of face and 3 cases of asymmetric palpebral fissure were seen. Therefore, these results suggest that medial rectus resection of dominant eye and lateral rectus recession of non-dominant eye in intermittent exotropia may be an alternative surgical method for intermittent exotropia. However, further studies are necessary to determine the exact surgical amounts and mechanism of this surgical method.

Analysis of comparisons between the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand in overarm throwing motions and ball-throwing distance / 体力科学

The difference between the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand in overarm throwing motions and ball-throwing distances were studied in student women. The subjects were divided into a trained group and an untrained group. A switch thrower, categorized in the training group, was also examined. The throwing time, moving distance and mean velocity of the ball in the overall throwing phase, back-swing phase and acceleration phase were determined by a high-speed video analysis system. Seven empirical parameters estimated from the overall throwing motion were also introduced. These physical quantities and parameters were compared between the dominant and non-dominant hands. The ball-throwing distances in the trained and untrained groups were 2.58 and 1.73 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. The difference in these values for both the hands of the switch thrower, however, were very small. The throwing time, moving time, and mean ball velocity in the back-swing phase in the trained group were 1.16, 1.65 and 1.35 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. These phenomena were not observed in the untrained group and the switch thrower. The mean ball velocities in the acceleration phase for the trained and untrained groups were 2.0 and 1.5 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. These values were more highly correlated with the ball-throwing distance in the trained group than in the untrained group. Significant correlations between seven parameters and ball-throwing distance were all observed for the dominant hand. However, only three of these parameters showed significant correlations for the non-dominant hand. These results show that the relationship between ball-throwing distance and throwing motion is closer for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand. In the present paper, possible roles of the dominant and non-dominant hands in the relationship between throwing motion and ball-throwing distance are also discussed.