Critical Analysis of Serum Visfatin Levels in Obese and Non-Obese Primary Hypertensive Subjects

The purpose of this study was to look at the serum levels of Visfatinin non-obese ordinary circulatory strain, non-obese hypertension and obesity hypertension. Research plan was Comparative cross sectional study. The Place and span was collaborating with the Institute of Medical Science in Lahore at the Graduate School of Medicine Laboratory of Lahore. This research included 81 subjects, each separated into 3 gatherings: non-obese normotensive, non-obese hypertensive and obesity hypertension. Circulatory strain level, BMI (Body Mass Index) and WHR (Waist to Hip Ratio) were estimated. Fasting blood tests were gathered to evaluate Visfatin levels in the serum. The results showed that the Mean serum Visfatin levels of 70.97 ± 50.30 ng/ml were seen in obese hypertensive patients contrasted with 33.71 ± 10.66 ng/ml and 5.21 ± 3.57 ng/ml for non-obese hypertensive and non-obese ordinary circulatory strain. It is concluded that Serum Visfatin levels can be utilized as biomarkers for assessing hypertension in obese and non-obese patients.

Therapeutic effects of IL-6 and BAFF fusion protein eukaryotic expression plasmid on animal model of Sj?gren′s syndrome / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of a eukaryotic expression plasmid for IL-6 and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) fusion protein on the histopathological changes in salivary and lacrimal glands of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with Sj?gren′s syndrome and to elucidate the possible therapeutic mechanism of IL-6/BAFF fusion protein eukaryotic expression plasmid in NOD mice.Methods:The eukaryotic expression plasmid for IL-6/BAFF fusion protein was constructed. After transfecting CHO cells with the plasmid, the expression of IL-6/BAFF fusion protein was detected by Western blot. BALB/c mice were injected with the plasmid every two weeks for three times and the titers of anti-IL-6 and anti-BAFF antibodies were measured by ELISA. Twenty-one NOD mice were randomly divided into three groups (control group, empty vector group and therapy group) by numerical table method. The mice in the therapy group were injected with the IL-6/BAFF fusion protein eukaryotic expression plasmid once a week for six times and the mice in the empty vector group were injected with empty plasmid. The levels of anti-IL-6 and anti-BAFF antibodies as well as cytokines (IL-6, BAFF, INF-γ, IL-10 and IL-17A) in mouse serum samples were detected by ELISA. The proportions of Th17, Treg, Th1 and Th2 cells in mouse splenocytes were measured by flow cytometry. Focal lymphocyte infiltration and pathological changes in the lacrimal and salivary glands of mice were observed under light microscopy after HE staining.Results:The eukaryotic expression plasmid for IL-6/BAFF fusion protein increased the levels of anti-IL-6 and anti-BAFF antibodies in the serum of BALB/c mice ( P<0.05). The levels of anti-IL-6 and anti-BAFF antibodies in the serum of NOD mice in the therapy group increased ( P<0.01), while the expression of IL-6, BAFF, INF-γ, IL-10 and IL-17A in NOD mice in the therapy group was lower than that in the control group and the empty vector group ( P<0.05). The percentages of Treg and Th2 cells in the splenocytes of NOD mice increased after treatment ( P<0.05). Moreover, the eukaryotic expression plasmid for IL-6/BAFF fusion protein significantly improved the irregular size and morphology of glandular vesicles in the lacrimal and salivary glands, reduced the ductal dilatation and decreased the focal lymphocyte infiltration in NOD mice. Conclusions:The eukaryotic expression plasmid for IL-6/BAFF fusion protein induced the production of anti-IL-6 and anti-BAFF antibodies, decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, regulated the balance of Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 cells, improved the irregular alveolar structure and ductal dilation in the lacrimal and salivary glands and reduced the focal lymphocyte infiltration in NOD mice. This study showed that eukaryotic expression plasmid for IL-6/BAFF fusion protein might serve as a potential target for therapeutic targeting of T and B cells.

Effect of topical injection of cyclosporine A on saliva secretion and inflammation in the submandibular gland of non-obese diabetic mice / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of topical administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) on salivary secretion and inflammation of the submandibular glands in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.@*METHODS@#Female NOD mice, 21 aged 14 weeks and 18 aged 21 weeks were selected and randomly divided into low-dose group, high-dose group and control group on average. CsA was injected into submandibular glands. One week later the saliva stimulated by pilocarpine was collected and measured. The submandibular glands were collected to make paraffin sections. The lymphocyte infiltration in submandi-bular gland was observed by microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The number of lymphocyte infiltration foci was counted to calculate the focus sore and the ratio of lymphocyte infiltration area to total gland area was figured up by Leica image analysis system. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17F, IL22 and IL-23a in the submandibular glands of the NOD mice were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell apoptosis in the submandibular gland was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer to evaluate liver and kidney functions.@*RESULTS@#After topical injection of CsA in the submandibular gland, the stimulated salivary flow rate of the 14- and 21-week-old NOD mice significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and the number and area of lymphocyte infiltration foci in the 14-week-old NOD mice low-dose group significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Low and high dose of CsA had similar effects on reducing inflammation and improving salivary secretion. The overall level of inflammatory cytokines in the submandibular gland did not decrease significantly. The number of cell apoptosis of submandibular gland in the NOD mice treated with CsA decreased compared with the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference. Topical injection of CsA had no adverse effect on liver and kidney function in the NOD mice.@*CONCLUSION@#Topical injection of CsA can reduce lymphocyte infiltration in submandibular gland of NOD mice and improve salivary secretion.

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Metabolic Healthy Obesity (MHO)..

Metabolically Healthy Obesity/Metabolic Healthy Obesity (MHO) is a paradox in scientific medical literature and discussion is still on regarding the safety status of MHO phenotype. It is an obesity phenotype where the subjects have BMI more than or equal to 30 Kg/m2 but are devoid of conventional metabolic complications such deranged lipid profile, altered glucose tolerance, or metabolic syndrome as they have less adverse inflammatory profile, low visceral fat, less disturbed insulin signalling, and lipid metabolism. But recently studies are coming up with robust evidence that MHO is not a benign condition. It may lead to metabolic syndrome in future and it is also associated with cardiometabolic risks.METHODSThis cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care hospital conducted for a period of two years from October 2017 to October 2019. After obtaining institutional ethical clearance, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 MHO subjects, 120 metabolic syndrome (MS) and 120 Metabolic Healthy Non-Obese (MHNO) subjects. Anthropometric data was obtained, and hs-CRP was estimated and compared with MS and MHNO group. The data was analysed using appropriate statistical significance tests.RESULTSIn one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), anthropometric determinants and metabolic variables differed significantly across the groups (p<0.0001). The mean hs-CRP in MHO was; 4.45 ± 1.46 and in the control group it was 1.84 ± 0.77 (p<0.0001). Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, significant positive correlation was found between hs-CRP with other anthropometric and metabolic parameters. In multiple regression analysis, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), were significantly associated with elevated hs-CRP. Adjusted odd’s (AOR) of abnormal hs-CRP in MHO was 1.9 times that of MHNO subjects.CONCLUSIONSMHO phenotype is associated with increased hs-CRP levels as compared to MHNO phenotype suggesting that obesity even if associated with a healthy metabolic profile, still harbour subclinical inflammation. So, subjects with MHO should be targeted for appropriate preventive strategies in the form of health education, lifestyle alterations to avoid future cardiovascular morbidities. MHO phenotype with evidence of subclinical vascular inflammation should not be considered a benign condition.

Therapeutic effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery for treatment of type 2 diabetes (TD) in patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 27.5 kg/m.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent LRYGB surgery from March, 2012 to June, 2018 in the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command and Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. The changes in the parameters of glucose metabolism and physical indicators of the patients in the first, second and third years after the surgery were analyzed in patients in low BMI group and high BMI group.@*RESULTS@#All the 74 patients underwent LRYGB successfully without conversion to open surgery. One year after the surgery, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting C-peptide, BMI, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with their preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). At 2 years after the operation, FBG, HbA1c, postprandial blood glucose, HOMA-IR, BMI, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). In the third year, FBG, HOMA-IR, fasting C-peptide, body weight and waistline were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values in low BMI group ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the parameters of glucose metabolism and islet function between low BMI group and high BMI group at different stages. No serious complications occurred in these patients after the surgery.@*CONCLUSIONS@#LRYGB is effective for treatment of T2D in Chinese patients with a BMI < 27.5. After the surgery, the patient show reduced waistline without significant weight loss. The long-term results of the surgery still require further investigations with a larger samples and longer follow-up.

A comparative study of thyroid stimulating hormone among lean and obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Background: The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an abnormality of young women of reproductive age. Between 20-50% of women with PCOS are normal weight or thin, and the pathophysiology of the disorder in these women may be related to a hypothalamic-pituitary defect that results in increased release of LH. PCOS and Thyroid disorders share certain common characteristics, risk factors, and pathophysiological abnormalities. In this study we have compared the serum TSH levels in obese and non-obese PCOS women to detect if there is a significant difference in the occurrence of hypothyroidism based on the BMI.Methods: Non-pregnant women attending the gynecological OPD diagnosed with PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria were included. Serum TSH was done in all women diagnosed as PCOS and based on their BMI women were either included in obese or non-obese group using Asian cut-off for BMI and the values compared.Results: In the present study 152 women were included. Women with low BMI and normal BMI were grouped as lean PCOS or non-obese PCOS and the overweight and obese women together were grouped as obese PCOS. The total number in the lean group was 28 and 124 in the obese group. Raised serum TSH levels were observed in 23.02%(35) women out of which 17.14%(6) belonged to the non-obese group and the remaining 82.85%(29) to the obese group. Among the 152 women thyroid enlargement was seen in 1.3%(2). Both women had raised serum TSH levels and both belonged to the obese group.Conclusions: The results of our study seem to indicate that thyroid dysfunction in PCOS women developed irrespective of presence or absence of obesity.

The Effect of Obesity on Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients who have Undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in Sri Lanka. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) is considered as the main revascularization procedure in patients with CAD. Cardiac rehabilitation is a multiphasic and multi-disciplinary program and is considered as a significant component of postoperative management after CABG. Objective: To study the effect of obesity on Cardiac Rehabilitation Program II (CRPII), a 1-month period of cardiac rehabilitation following discharge from the hospital, in patients who have undergone CABG. Methods: This was a prospective analytical study involving a convenient sample of 100 patients after CABG surgery. The patients (age: 40-70 years, both males and females) were selected from the cardiac rehabilitation program of the Cardiology Unit at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. Data collection was done using 5 interviewer based questionnaires: socio-demographic characteristics using socio-demographic questionnaire, cardio-vascular endurance and fatigue levels using 6 minute-walk test (6MWT) and Borg scale (BS), anxiety and depression levels using Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) and overall quality of life using quality of life questionnaire cardiac version (QOL). Data collection 1 was done on the first day of CRPII and data collection 2 was done on the final day of the program. Results: There were 33% obese and 67% non-obese patients in the study population. Both groups showed a statistically significant improvement (p<0.0001) of 6MWT, BS, HAD and QOL after CRPII. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the improvement of 6MWT in the non-obese group compared to the obese group and there was no difference in BS, HAD and QOL between obese and non-obese groups. Conclusions: CRPII led to an improvement in cardiovascular endurance, anxiety/depression and overall quality of life in patients who underwent CABG. Non-obese patients showed a better improvement in cardiovascular endurance compared to obese patients after CRPII.

Microalbuminuria among obese and non-obese individuals: a case control study

Background: Microalbuminuria among obesity cases reflects specific glomerular damage or is the marker of generalized endothelial cell dysfunction is still debatable. Thus, this study aimed to assess the presence of microalbuminuria among obese persons and non-obese individuals, who were euglycemic and normotensive.Methods: A case control study was conducted among patients attending outpatient department of general medicine in Govt Thiruvarur Medical College, Thiruvarur, for their illnesses from June 2017 to December 2017. A total of hundred participants with fifty obese cases and fifty non obese controls were included in this study. Detailed history and examination were done by the principal investigator and the same was documented in a proforma. Data entry was done using Microsoft excel and the statistical analysis includes odds ratio were calculated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.Results: Among the study participants, 32% and 4% had microalbuminuria in obese and non-obese group, respectively. Also, obese participants were 11.29 times at higher chances of having microalbuminuria when compared to the non-obese patients with significant p value (p=0.002).Conclusions: Microalbuminuria can be used to predict the risk of complications in obese subjects in order to bring down the overall morbidity and mortality related to renal function.

Comparative Analysis On The Efficacy Of Aerobic Capacity In Cardiac Rehabilitation Obese And Non-Obese Phase Ii Patient

Background: Aerobic Exercise is a host of health benefits to reduce vigor risk and maintain body weight. The purpose of the present investigation is to determine the influence of aerobic exercises on body weight and Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) activity among cardiac rehabilitation phase II patients. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of obesity on the efficacy of aerobic capacity. Methods: Fifteen obese (ten males, five females) and fifteen non-obese (eleven males, four females) participants of phase II cardiac rehabilitation were selected from a tertiary care hospital by their Body Mass Index (BMI). They were divided into two groups by simple random technique. Aerobic exercises were given for 12 weeks for post-CABG cardiac rehabilitation phase II obese and non-obese (healthy and overweight) patients. BMI and the Metabolic equivalent of task activity of cardiac rehabilitation phase II patients are measured by enrolling a patient in 12 weeks of aerobic exercises program. Results: The aerobic exercise shows a positive result in both obese and non-obese patients. Aerobic exercises improved metabolic equivalent of task in both obese(4.6667+_0.65134 ;< 0.05) and non-obese patients (4.6923+_.48038 ;< 0.05) significantly.But aerobic exercises were more effective in enhancing the efficacy of aerobic capacity in obese patients. Conclusion: It is evident that aerobic exercises are more effective for obese patients to maintain or reduces weight. Higher MET activity was observed in obese patients.

Association between C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, and obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation are the known risk factors. However, results of previous studies regarding the relationship between MetS and inflammation have not been consistent. This study aimed to identify the associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and MetS and its components in obese and non-obese men and women. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015), and a nationally representative sample of 3,013 Korean adults aged 40–78 years were included. Those with cardiovascular disease, cancer, CRP level >10 mg/L, white blood cell count >10,000/mm3, chronic kidney disease, and lung/liver disease were excluded. RESULTS: Approximately 11.0%, 50.0%, 8.4%, and 48.8% of non-obese men, obese men, non-obese women, and obese women presented with MetS (P<0.001), respectively. In all four groups, those who presented with MetS or its components showed a higher high-sensitivity (hs-CRP) average than those without. Multivariate regression analysis showed the increased risk of developing MetS with higher quartiles of hs-CRP level in obese (3rd and 4th quartiles: odds ratios [ORs], 3.87 and 2.57, respectively) and non-obese women (4th quartile: OR, 2.63). The different components also showed increased ORs in the four groups. However, no statistically significant trend in the relationship was found in men. CONCLUSION: Low-grade inflammation may increase the risk of MetS in Korean women independent of adiposity. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the present study, further studies must be conducted to identify the causal relationship between inflammation and metabolic disorders.

Effect of co-expression of IL-10 and sleeping beauty transposon on balance of Th17/Treg cells in splenocytes of NOD mice / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

To investigate the effect of co-expression of sleeping beauty (SB) transposon and IL-10 mediated by adenovirus on the balance of Th17/Treg cells in the splenocytes of the non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice, and to illuminate the possible mechanism of IL-10 in the treatment of NOD mice. Methods: The splenocytes were extracted from spleen of the C57BL6 mice and cultured. The splenocytes were divided into control group, empty vector group and therapy group. The cells in control group didn't receive any treatment, the cells in empty vector group were co-infected with the adenovirus vector without IL-10 gene containing transposon sequence and the adenovirus vector without transposase, and the cells in therapy cells were co-infected with the adenovirus vector containing IL-10 gene and transposon sequence and the adenovirus vector with transposase. After 48 h of infection, the expression leves of IL-10 mRNA in the splenocytes of the mice in various groups were assessed by RT-PCR. The cells of above three groups were subcutaneously injected into popliteal space in right hind leg of the NOD mice in control group, empty vector group and therapy group; there were six mice in each group; once a week and six times. The mice were killed 4 weeks after injection, the expression levels of IL-10 in serum of the NOD mice in various groups were assessed by ELISA, and the proportions of CD4 +IL-10+, CD4 + IFN-γ+, Th17 and Treg cells in the splenocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with control group and empty vector group, the expression level of IL-10 mRNA in splenocytes of the C57BL6 mice in therapy group was increased (F=72.71, P0.05). Conclusion: The co-expression of SB transposon and IL-10 can significantly increase the IL-10 level in serum of the NOD mice, increase the proportion of CD4 + IL-10+ cells, decrease the proportion of Th17 cells and increase the proportion of Treg cells in the splenocytes, which can regulate the balance of Thl/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells and play a therapeutic effect in the NOD mice.

Effect of co-expression of IL-10 and sleeping beauty transposon on balance of Th17/Treg cells in splenocytes of NOD mice / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the effect of co-expression of sleeping beauty(SB)transposon and IL-10 mediated by adenovirus on the balance of Th17/Treg cells in the splenocytes of the non-obese diabetes(NOD)mice, and to illuminate the possible mechanism of IL-10 in the treatment of NOD mice.Methods:The splenocytes were extracted from spleen of the C57BL6 mice and cultured.The splenocytes were divided into control group,empty vector group and therapy group.The cells in control group didn't receive any treatment,the cells in empty vector group were co-infected with the adenovirus vector without IL-10 gene containing transposon sequence and the adenovirus vector without transposase,and the cells in therapy cells were co-infected with the adenovirus vector containing IL-10 gene and transposon sequence and the adenovirus vector with transposase.After 48 h of infection, the expression leves of IL-10 mRNA in the splenocytes of the mice in various groups were assessed by RT-PCR. The cells of above three groups were subcutaneously injected into popliteal space in right hind leg of the NOD mice in control group,empty vector group and therapy group;there were six mice in each group;once a week and six times.The mice were killed 4 weeks after injection,the expression levels of IL-10 in serum of the NOD mice in various groups were assessed by ELISA,and the proportions of CD4+IL-10+,CD4+IFN-γ+,Th17 and Treg cells in the splenocytes were detected by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with control group and empty vector group,the expression level of IL-10 mRNA in splenocytes of the C57BL6 mice in therapy group was increased (F=72.71,P<0.05);the expression level of IL-10 in serum of the NOD mice was increased(F=8.89,P<0.05);the proportions of CD4+IL-10+ cells and Treg cells were significantly increased(F=72.09,P<0.05;F=12.98,P<0.05);the proportion of Th17 cells was decreased(F=6.39,P<0.05).The proportion of CD4+IFN-γ+ cells had no significant differences between various groups(F=2.72,P>0.05).Conclusion:The co-expression of SB transposon and IL-10 can significantly increase the IL-10 level in serum of the NOD mice,increase the proportion of CD4+IL-10+ cells,decrease the proportion of Th17 cells and increase the proportion of Treg cells in the splenocytes,which can regulate the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells and play a therapeutic effect in the NOD mice.

Effect of bone mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on accelerating the vascularization surrounding transplant pancreatic islet / 器官移植

Objective To investigate whether pancreatic islet transplantation in combination with bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation can promote the vascularization surrounding the transplant pancreatic islet.Methods The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were utilized as the recipients and randomly divided into pancreatic islet transplantation combined with MSC transplantation group (co-transplantation group,n=6),pancreatic islet transplantation group(n=6),MSC transplantation group(n=6) and sham transplantation group (n=3).The variation in blood glucose level and survival rate post-transplantation of NOD mice in each group was observed.The proliferation and apoptosis of the transplant pancreatic islet in the pancreatic islet transplantation group and co-transplantation group at 1,2 and 4 weeks after pancreatic islet transplantation were analyzed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyufidine (EdU) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).The vascular density surrounding the transplanted pancreatic islet in the pancreatic islet transplantation group and co-transplantation group at postoperative 2,4 and 8 weeks were observed under light microscope and quantitatively analyzed by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining.Results Both MSC combined with pancreatic islet transplantation and pancreatic islet transplantation significantly improved the blood glucose level and enhanced the survival rate of NOD mouse models after transplantation.In addition,it could accelerate the regeneration of pancreatic islet cells and decrease cell apoptosis.MSC combined with pancreatic islet transplantation significantly enhanced the vascular density surrounding the transplant pancreatic islet compared with pancreatic islet transplantation alone.Conclusions MSC transplantation can accelerate the vascularization surrounding the transplant pancreatic islet,increase the blood supply and protect the function and activity of the transplant pancreatic islet.

Effect of modified gastric bypass on glycometabolism of non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus in GK rats / 重庆医学

Objective To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of modified gastric bypass surgery in the treatment of non-obese type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM ) GK rats .Methods Forty male GK rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) ,the group A served as the modified gastric bypass ,group B as the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ,group C as the sham operation and group D as the blank control group .Fasting blood glucose(FBG) ,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) and fasting serum insulin(FINS) in each group were detected at preoperative 1 week ,postoperative 1 ,2 ,4 ,8 ,12 weeks .Results The rat body mass at postoperative 1 week in the group A and B was significantly decreased compared with the group D ,and began to recover at postoperative 4 weeks , the rat body mass at the same time point had no statistical difference between the group A and B (P>0 .05) .FPG ,FINS and HbA1c at preoperative 1 week had no statistical difference among various groups (P>0 .05) .FPG and FINS at postoperative 1 week had no statistical difference among various groups (P>0 .05) .FPG and FINS at postoperative 2 ,4 ,8 ,12 weeks had no statistical difference between the group A and B(P>0 .05) ,which had no statistical difference between the group A with the group C and D (P>0 .05) . HbA1c at postoperative 4 weeks had no statistical difference among various groups (P>0 .05);which at postoperative 12 weeks had no statistical difference between the group A and B (P>0 .05) ,while which had no statistical difference between the group A with the group C and D(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The modified gastric bypass surgery has the improvement effect on glycometabolism of rat non-obese T2DM ,which is similar to that of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery .

Role of γ-glutamyl transferase levels in prediction of high cardiovascular risk among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of elevated liver functions. There is evidence showing an association between NAFLD and subclinical atherosclerosis independent of traditional risk factors. We undertook this retrospective study to determine the association of Framingham cardiovascular risk scoring system with liver function tests and inflammatory markers and to find the role of liver function tests in determination of CVD risk among non-obese and non-diabetic subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A total of 2058 patients were included in the study. Framingham cardiovascular risk scoring was done of all patients according to the age, gender, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels, smoking and antihypertensive medication history. Liver function test, lipid profile, insulin, uric acid, ferritin levels, etc. were determined. Results: According to the ultrasonography findings, patients were grouped as without any fatty infiltration of the liver (control group) (n=982), mild (n= 473), moderate (n=363) and severe fatty liver disease (n= 240) groups. In severe fatty liver disease group, the mean Framingham cardiovascular risk score was significantly higher than that of other groups. There was a positive correlation between GGT, uric acid and ferritin levels with Framingham cardiovascular score. In multivariate analysis, high GGT levels were positively associated with high-risk disease presence (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.62-3.42) compared to low GGT levels independent of the age and sex. Interpretation & conclusions: Cardiovascular disease risk increases with the presence and stage of fatty liver disease. Our findings showed a positive correlation between elevated GGT levels and Framingham cardiovascular risk scoring system among non-diabetic, non-obese adults which could be important in clinical practice. Though in normal limits, elevated GGT levels among patients with fatty liver disease should be regarded as a sign of increased cardiovascular disease risk. Larger studies are warranted to elucidate the role of GGT in prediction of cardiovascular risk.

Management of infertility in patients with non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome by micro-pulse infusion of GnRH / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

[Summary] Patients with infertility and non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) were treated with continuous subcutaneous pulse infusion of GnRH. After the treatment, a 32-year old female had regular menstrual cramps. Dominant follicle occurred after 2 months of treatment. The patient was pregnant and now has a healthy baby boy. It shows that the pulse infusion of GnRH could induce spontaneous ovulation and natural fertilization of the patients with non-obese PCOS.

Mechanism of immunotolerence induced by bone mesenchymal stem cell co-transplanted with islets through regulating Tfh in NOD mice / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To study the regulation mechanism of bone mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)combined co-translation of islets in differentiation of Follicular Helper T cell (Tfh),and its roll on immunotolerence induction in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice transplantation model.Methods The NOD mice were divided into 4 groups:Group A with islet transplantation alone;Group B with MSC co-transplantation with islets (MSC:0.5 × 106);Group C with MSC co-transplantation with islets (MSC:2 × 106);Group D with MSC co-transplantation with islets (MSC:3 × 106).ELISA was used to test the expression level of diabetes autoantibody GAD65Ab and IAA.Tfh cell count was detected by FACS.Results The survival time of transplantation groups was much longer in MSCs co-transplantation group than islet-alone group;the level of GAD65Ab,IAA and Tfh cell count were much lower in MSCs co-transplantation group than islet-alone group.Conclusion MSC may protect the islet transplants by regulating the Tfh cell differentiation.

Comparison of 6 MV and 10 MV photons for classic conformal radiotherapy of cervical cancer / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To study the effects of different dose 6 MV and 10 MV photons for classic conformal radiotherapy on cervical cancer patients with different height and weight,in order to provide guidance for clinical irradiation energy choosing for different patients.Methods Twenty-one recruited patients were divided into obese and non-obese group according to the body mass index (BMI).The 4-field classic conformal radiotherapy plans was designed and applied in both groups and the results were compared.Statistical analysis was carried out on the dosimetric parameters.Results The treatment plan of 10 MV photons could both reduce the maximum and minimum dose (Dmax and Dmin) of the target area PTV and increase the conformal and heterogeneity index (CI and HI),and change the median dose (D50) for non-obese patients,while it could not reduce the mean dose (Dmeen) for two groups.It was more effective in reducing Dmax and increasing HI for obese patients.The plan could also reduce the dose of organs at risk (OAR) near the PTV.Using 10 MV photons plan could more effectively reduce the low isodose volume of the patients and machine hops.Conclusions The 10 MV photons plan has many advantages in classic conformal radiotherapy for obese cervical cancer treatment.

Biomechanical Factors Associated with Plantar Fasciitis in Non-obese Patients / 대한스포츠의학회지

The purpose of this study was to identify the biomechanical factors that correlate with plantar fasciitis in non-obese patients whose body mass index were below 25 kg/m2. The subjects were non-obese patients who were diagnosed as plantar fasciitis by clinical appearance, physical examination, and ultrasonographic findings (n=48), and non-obese control persons without clinical diagnosis of plantar fasciitis (n=30). The two groups were compared on fat pad thickness, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP), incidence of calcaneal spur, and calcaneal pitch. The results showed that, there were statistically significant differences between two groups in ankle dorsiflexion ROM, RCSP, and calcaneal pitch (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed ankle dorsiflexion ROM and RCSP strongly correlated with presence of plantar fasciitis as independent predictors (p<0.05). In conclusion, reduced ankle dorsiflexion ROM and negative RCSP (valgus tendency in rear foot) may be the biomechanical factors associated with plantar fasciitis in non-obese patients.

Spontaneous osteosarcoma of the femur in a non-obese diabetic mouse / 한국실험동물학회지

An abnormal swelling was identified in the distal portion of the right femur in a 1-year-old non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Grossly, a large mass of the distal femur was observed in the right femur. Lesions were poorly marginated, associated with destruction of the cancellous and cortical elements of the bone, and showed ossification within the soft tissue component. Histologically, the tumor was identified as a poorly differentiated sarcoma. Histopathologic examination of the bone masses revealed invasive proliferation of poorly differentiated neoplastic mesenchymal cells forming streams, bundles, and nests, which resulted in destruction of normal bone. Neoplastic cells exhibited random variation in cellular appearance and arrangement, as well as matrix composition and abundance. Haphazard and often intermingling patterns of osteogenic, chondroblastic, lipoblastic, and angiogenic tissues were present. Larger areas of neoplastic bone and hyaline cartilage contained multiple large areas of hemorrhage and necrosis bordered by neoplastic cells. The mass was diagnosed as an osteosarcoma. To our knowledge, this is the first spontaneous osteosarcoma in an NOD mouse.