RESUMO
OBJECTIVE： To investigate and analyze the current status and existing problems of Chinese patent medicine instructions in outpatient department of our hospital， and to provide suggestions for the improvement of Chinese patent medicine instructions. METHODS： A total of 435 copies of Chinese patent medicines instructions using in the outpatient pharmacy of our hospital were collected in 2018. The labeling of usage and dosage of the instructions and other items were not clear and missing items were analyzed statistically. RESULTS： In 435 copies of drug instructions， unclear usage and dosage included usage and dosage were marked only in grams or milliliters （54 kinds， 12.4％）； daily dosage was not clear （165 kinds， 37.9％）； the words “or follow the doctor’s advice” were involved in drug instructions （86 kinds， 19.8％）； the labeling of usage and dosage for special population were not clear （34 kinds， 7.8％）； medication time was not labeled （365 kinds， 83.9％）. Unclear labeling of other items included unclear drug interaction （121 kinds， 27.8％）， unclear matters needing attention （12 kinds， 2.8％）， unclear ADR （307 kinds， 70.6％）， unclear contraindications （257 kinds， 59.1％） and unclear indications （1 kind， 0.2％）. The missing items included that drug dosage for special population （41 kinds， 94.5％）， pharmacological and toxicological items （305 kinds， 70.1％）， clinical trial data （395 kinds， 90.8％）， storage temperature label （377 kinds， 86.7％）. CONCLUSIONS： Missing items and unclear information on safe medication are common in Chinese patent medicine instructions， which need to be standardized and perfected in order to provide reference for rational drug use and guarantee the safety of drug use in patients.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obturation efficiency of a non-standardized gutta-percha cone in curved root canals prepared with 0.06 taper nickel-titanium instruments. Sixty simulated curved root canals in clear resin blocks were prepared with crown-down technique using 0.06 taper rotary ProTaper(TM) and ProFile (Dentsply-Maillefer) until apical canal was size 30. Root canals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 blocks and obturated with cold-laterally compacted gutta-percha technique by using either a non-standardized size medium gutta-percha cone or an ISO-standardized size 30 one as a master cone. Gutta-percha area ratio were calculated at apical levels of 1, 3, and 5 mm using AutoCAD 2000 after cross-sectioning, and the data were analyzed with one-way and two-way ANOVAs and Duncan's multiple range test. Non-standardized size medium cone groups showed significantly higher gutta-percha area ratio than standardized cone groups at all apical levels (p < 0.01). Non-standardized cone groups used significantly less accessory cones than standardized cone groups (p < 0.01).