Music therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for persons living with dementia: client assessment and types of music therapy interventions

Geriatric giants account for the five most prevalent morbidities that cause immense decline in functional capacity and decreased quality of life. Immobility, instability leading to falls and fractures, incontinence, impaired cognition (dementia) and iatrogenesis affect majority of the ageing elderly leading to dependency, caregiving and associated burden among caregivers. Concept of non-pharmacological interventions in dementia care: interventions that involve non-pharmacological (non-medicinal) measures, have proven benefits to the people living with dementia (PLWD). music therapy, nature therapy that involves nature walks and living amidst natural spaces, have shown to have immense biophilia effects on the various organ systems in the human body. Immense health benefits have been documented among PLWD: dawn phenomenon is a clinical phenomenon where the PLWD experiences agitation, aggression and loud speech in the evenings associated with dementia. Out of all the seven studies published, there were significant improvements in mood, reduction in aggressive behavior, improving anxiety symptoms, reducing caregiver burnout and improving overall quality of life of the people living with dementia and their caregivers. With promising results among various interventional studies across the world, NPI is an important intervention with minimal to nil side effects with long term benefits on frequent administration.

Intervenções terapêuticas não farmacológicas para o tratamento de úlceras no pé diabético: revisão integrativa / Intervenciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas para el tratamiento de las úlceras diabéticas: revisión integral de la literatura / Non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: an integrative literature review

Introdução: As úlceras no pé diabético surgem da interação complexa entreneuropatia periférica e doença arterial periférica, comprometendo a cicatrização após traumas. Objetivo: Explorar a diversidade de intervenções terapêuticas não farmacológicas que têm sido estudadas e avaliadas quanto à sua eficácia e segurança no tratamento de úlceras no pé diabético. Metodologia: Pesquisa do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. Para obtenção dos resultados foi realizado um levantamento nas plataformas PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Para elaboração dos resultados foram selecionados 21 artigos. Resultados: As intervenções encontradas foram oxigenoterapia hiperbárica, terapia de feridas por pressão negativa, uso de matriz dérmica, plasma rico em plaquetas, plasma atmosférico frio, tratamentos com curativos especiais e uso de solas rígidas, entre outros. Mostraram uma variabilidade na taxa de cicatrização e no tempo de fechamento da ferida, bem como na melhoria da regeneração tecidual. Conclusão: As pesquisas mostram uma diversidade de intervenções terapêuticas não farmacológicas utilizadas no tratamento de úlceras no pé diabético, ressaltando a necessidade de abordagens individualizadas e mais estudos para determinar a eficácia e segurança de cada intervenção (AU).

Introduction:Diabetic foot ulcers arise from the complex interaction between peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease, compromising wound healing after traumas. Objective:To explore the diversity of non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions that have been studied and evaluated for their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted. The search for results was performed on the PubMed and Virtual Health Library platforms. Twenty-one articles were selected for result elaboration.Results:The identified interventions included hyperbaric oxygen therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, use of dermal matrix, platelet-rich plasma, cold atmospheric plasma, treatments with special dressings, and the use of rigid soles, among others. They exhibited variability in the healing rate and wound closure time, as well as improvement in tissue regeneration.Conclusion:The research demonstrates a diversity of non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, emphasizing the need for individualized approaches and further studies to determine the effectiveness and safety of each intervention (AU).

Introducción: Las úlceras en el pie diabético surgen de la interacción compleja entre neuropatía periférica y enfermedad arterial periférica, comprometiendo la cicatrización después de traumas.Objetivo: Explorar la diversidad de intervenciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas que han sido estudiadas y evaluadas en cuanto a su eficacia y seguridad en el tratamiento de úlceras en el pie diabético.Metodología: Investigación del tipo revisión integrativa de la literatura. Para obtener los resultados se realizó un estudio en las plataformas PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Para la elaboración de los resultados se seleccionaron 21 artículos. Resultados: Las intervenciones encontradas fueron oxigenoterapia hiperbárica, terapia de heridas por presión negativa, uso de matriz dérmica, plasma rico en plaquetas, plasma atmosférico frío, tratamientos con curativos especiales y uso de suelas rígidas, entre otros. Mostraron una variabilidad en la tasa de cicatrización y en el tiempo de cierre de la herida, así como en la mejora de la regeneración tisular. Conclusión: Las investigaciones muestran una diversidad de intervenciones terapéuticas no farmacológicas utilizadas en el tratamiento de úlceras en el pie diabético, resaltando la necesidad de enfoques individualizados y más estudios para determinar la eficacia y seguridad de cada intervención (AU).

Progress of non-pharmacological treatments for treatment-resistant depression / 实用医学杂志

Depression,with its characteristics of high prevalence,younger onset age,and high suicide rate,has repeatedly become the focus of societal discussion.It severely impairs the quality of life of patients and affects the development of the economy.Currently,treatments for depression are limited and vary in effectiveness.An increasing number of patients are classified as having treatment-resistant depression.In order to improve the cure rate further,numerous non-pharmacological treatments have been explored,among which physical therapies have garnered significant attention.This article provides a brief overview and discussion of recent physical treatments for treatment-resistant depression,offering new prospects for the field and inspiring readers with fresh ideas.

Effects of different non-pharmacological interventions on postpartum depression in pregnant women:a network Meta-analysis, / 中华护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of different non-pharmacological interventions on postpartum depression,and to provide the evidence for the formulation of relevant intervention programs.Methods Databases,including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang Database,VIP database,PubMed,EMBase,the Cochrane Library,were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials(RCT)on the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on postpartum depression.The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to July 2022.Network meta-analysis was performed using Stata17.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software.Results A total of 43 studies were included,including 14 non-pharmaceutical interventions,involving 4451 parturients.The results of network meta-analysis showed that compared with the usual care group,exercise therapy[SMD=-5.41,95％CI(-6.94,-3.89),P＜0.001],cognitive behavioral therapy[SMD=-4.72,95％CI(-6.13,-3.31),P＜0.001],acupuncture and moxibustion[SMD=-4.52,95％CI(-8.01,-1.03),P＜0.001]and the comprehensive psychotherapy[SMD=-4.64,95％CI(-8.53,-0.75),P＜0.001]had better improvement effects on postpartum depression.The results of the area under the cumulative rank probability map showed that exercise was the best non-pharmacological intervention to improve postpartum depression.Conclusion Exercise has the best effect on improving postpartum depression,and it is recommended that clinical nursing care should be prioritized.However,a large number of high-quality RCTs are still needed for verification.

Efecto de la técnica de la tos durante la inyección subcutánea de heparina sobre la severidad del dolor y la satisfacción individual / Effect of the coughing technique during subcutaneous heparin injection on pain severity and individual satisfaction / Efeito da técnica de tosse durante injeção subcutânea de heparina na intensidade da dor e satisfação individual

Objetivo: examinar el efecto de la técnica de tos de mediana intensidad durante la inyección subcutánea de heparina de bajo peso molecular sobre la severidad del dolor y la satisfacción individual en pacientes de cirugía general. Método: estudio prospectivo, cuasi experimental, que incluyó a 100 pacientes a los que se les prescribió una inyección subcutánea de heparina de bajo peso molecular una vez cada 24 horas. Cada paciente recibió dos inyecciones por el mismo investigador utilizando técnica de inyección estándar con técnica de tos de intensidad media y solo técnica de inyección estándar. Resultados: hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones medias de los pacientes sobre la intensidad del dolor y los niveles de satisfacción después de las inyecciones administradas por las dos técnicas (p= 0,000). Además, se encontró que el género afectó la severidad del dolor relacionado con la inyección, pero no afectó el nivel de satisfacción individual. Conclusión: se encontró que la técnica de tos de intensidad media reduce la severidad del dolor y aumenta la satisfacción del paciente de cirugía general que reciben inyecciones subcutáneas de heparina de bajo peso molecular. Registro del ensayo: NCT05681338.

Objective: to examine the effect of the medium intensity coughing technique during subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin injection on pain severity and individual satisfaction in general surgery patients. Method: the prospective, quasi-experimental study included 100 patients who had been prescribed a subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin injection once in 24 hours. Each patient received two injections by the same researcher, one using the standard injection technique with medium intensity coughing technique and the other only the standard injection technique. Results: there was a statistically significant difference between patients' mean scores on pain severity and satisfaction levels after injections administered by the two techniques (p= 0.000). Also, it was found that gender affected pain severity relating to the injection but did not affect the level of individual satisfaction. Conclusion: the medium intensity coughing technique was found to reduce pain severity and increase patient satisfaction in general surgery patients receiving subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin injections. Trial registration: NCT05681338.

Objetivo: examinar o efeito da técnica de tosse de média intensidade durante injeção subcutânea de heparina de baixo peso molecular na intensidade da dor e satisfação individual em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia geral. Método: estudo prospetivo, quasi experimental que incluiu 100 pacientes que haviam recebido uma injeção subcutânea de heparina de baixo peso molecular em 24 horas. Cada paciente recebeu duas injeções pelo mesmo pesquisador usando a técnica de injeção padrão com técnica de tosse de média intensidade e apenas técnica de injeção padrão. Resultados: houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as pontuações médias dos pacientes quanto à gravidade da dor e níveis de satisfação após as injeções administradas pelas duas técnicas (p = 0,000). Além disso, verificou-se que o sexo do paciente afetou a intensidade da dor relacionada à injeção, mas não afetou o nível de satisfação individual. Conclusão: a técnica de tosse de média intensidade reduz a intensidade da dor e aumenta a satisfação de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia geral recebendo injeções subcutâneas de heparina de baixo peso molecular. Registro do ensaio clínico: NCT05681338.

Análisis de los tratamientos en pacientes diagnosticados con polimiositis / Analysis of Treatments in Patients Diagnosed with Polymyositis

Introducción: La polimiositis, la frase conocida como miopatía idiopática inflamatoria, es una enfermedad poco frecuente, considerada rara y heterogénea, que se caracteriza por la debilidad muscular, por lo que puede dificultar la movilidad cotidiana Objetivo: Analizar los tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos en pacientes diagnosticados con polimiositis. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica donde se siguió la recomendación PRISMA. Las fuentes de información consultadas fueron: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Elsevier, EBSCO, Medline, Google Académico, en el período de 2018 a 2022. Resultados: Se consultaron un total de 14 268 artículos correspondientes a la búsqueda bibliográfica, de ellos 42 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Se utilizó el método PRISMA según su recomendación, quedaron un total de cuatro artículos científicos originales de las cuales tres describen tratamientos farmacológicos, que mencionan a los corticoides y a los inmunosupresores; sin embargo, en aquellos pacientes que no responden al tratamiento se le recomienda la intervención clínica con inmunoglobulina G (IgG), que proporciona anticuerpos como moléculas monoméricas policlonales, que son bien tolerada. Por otro lado, dos artículos describen como tratamiento no farmacológico a la rehabilitación física con el objetivo de evitar el deterioro muscular. Conclusiones: El tratamiento en los pacientes diagnosticados con polimiositis debe ser individualizado, a partir de la gravedad de dicho padecimiento. A Una mayor afectación del cuerpo del paciente a nivel muscular, menor será la respuesta al tratamiento. Es importante la rehabilitación física y el uso de fármacos para controlar y aliviar la polimiositis(AU)

Introduction: Polymyositis known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is a rare disease. It is heterogeneous disease, characterized by symmetrical muscle weakness, which can make daily mobility difficult. Objective: To analyze pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in patients diagnosed with polymyositis. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out following PRISMA recommendation. The information sources consulted were SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Elsevier, EBSCO, Medline, Google Scholar from 2018 to 2022. Results: 14,268 articles corresponding to the bibliographic search were consulted, only 42 met the selection criteria. PRISMA method was used according to its recommendation. Four original scientific articles remained, three of them describe pharmacological treatments mentioning corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. However, in those patients who do not respond to treatment, clinical intervention with immunoglobulin G (IgG) is recommended, which provides antibodies as polyclonal monomeric molecules, which are well tolerated. On the other hand, two articles describe physical rehabilitation as a non-pharmacological treatment with the aim of avoiding muscle deterioration. Conclusions: Treatment in patients diagnosed with polymyositis should be individualized, based on the severity of the condition. A greater involvement of the patient's body at the muscular level, the lower the response to treatment. Physical rehabilitation and the use of drugs is important to control and relieve polymyositis(AU)

Effectiveness comparisons of non-pharmacological interventions on cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a network Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

To evaluate the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).Methods:Based on Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases, randomized controlled studies on rehabilitation therapy for PSCI patients were retrieved. And the retrieval date was from the establishment of the databases to 31 December 2021. Literature screening, data extraction, quality evaluation and data analysis were carried out.Results:A total of 26 studies were included, involving 12 interventions and 2007 patients with PSCI. The results of network Meta-analysis showed that compared with routine rehabilitation and/or routine rehabilitation care, cognitive therapy ( SMD=-1.30, 95% CI -2.09 - -0.52)、repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( SMD=-1.67, 95% CI -2.54 - -0.81; SMD=-2.34, 95% CI -3.71 - -0.97), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive therapy ( SMD=-1.56, 95% CI -2.76 - -0.36; SMD=-2.23, 95% CI -3.39 - -1.07), acupuncture combined with cognitive therapy ( SMD=-2.31, 95% CI -3.51 - -1.12; SMD=-2.98, 95% CI -4.13 - -1.84), virtual reality ( SMD=-1.01, 95% CI -1.98 - -0.04; SMD=-1.68, 95% CI -2.98 - -0.38), computer-assisted cognitive training combined with cognitive therapy ( SMD=-2.50, 95% CI -4.35 - -0.65; SMD=-3.17, 95% CI -4.99 - -1.35), music therapy ( SMD=-1.47, 95% CI -2.61 - -0.33), music therapy combined with cognitive therapy ( SMD=-2.35, 95% CI -4.04 - -0.67), recreational therapy ( SMD=-2.11, 95% CI -3.93 - -0.30), guided imagination therapy ( SMD=-2.48, 95% CI -4.00 - -0.96) had statistical significance in improving the cognitive function of PSCI patients ( P<0.05); recreational therapy ( SMD=-3.57, 95% CI -6.09 - -1.04; SMD=-3.70, 95% CI -7.22 - -0.18) had statistical significance in improving the ability of daily living activities of PSCI patients ( P<0.05). According to the area ranking results under the cumulative ranking probability graph, acupuncture combined with cognitive therapy (89.2%) and recreational therapy (85.1%) ranked first in improving cognitive function and activities of daily living, respectively. Conclusions:Acupuncture combined with cognitive therapy and recreational therapy have the best effect on improving cognitive function and activities of daily living in PSCI patients, respectively. However, considering the poor quality of the original literature included, more large samples and high-quality RCTs are needed for further verification.

Evidence summary of non-pharmacological sleep management measures in critically ill children / 中华护理杂志

Objective To retrieve,appraise and integrate the relevant evidence of non-pharmacological sleep management measures in critically ill children.Methods We conducted a systematical search on the topic of non-pharmacological sleep management measures in critically ill children across multiple databases,including BMJ best practice,UpToDate,International Guidelines International Network,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,Registered Nurses'Association of Ontario,Joanna Briggs Institute Library,the American Academy of Sleep Medicine,International Pediatric Sleep Association,CNKI,WanFang database,VIP database,SinoMed,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,and CINAHL.The literature retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to February 2023.The study design includes clinical practice guideline,evidence summary,clinical decision-making,expert consensus,and systematic review.The evidence was extracted and summarized according to the subject after the independent literature quality evaluation by 2 researchers.Results 10 relevant pieces of literature were identified,including 2 guidelines,1 consensus statement,4 systematic reviews,2 evidence summaries,and 1 top clinical decision.These sources provided a total of 28 pieces of evidence across 5 key themes,including sleep assessment,management principles and education,environmental management and sleep promotion.Conclusion This study summarizes the best available evidence on non-pharmacological sleep management measures in critically ill children.It is recommended that healthcare professionals should consider the clinical context when implementing evidence-based interventions,aiming to reduce nocturnal awakenings,extend sleep duration,and improve sleep quality in critically ill children.

Summary of best evidence and practice recommendations for nonpharmacological interventions of urinary incontinence in elderly women / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To integrate the best evidence of non-drug intervention of urinary incontinence in elderly women and to formulate practical recommendations.Methods:In this systematic review study, using “elderly woman”,“urinary incontinence”,“bladder training”,“pelvic floor muscle training”,“enuresis”,“leakage of urine” as the key words, the 6S evidence resource pyramid model was used to search in British Medical Journal best practice, Uptodate, World Health Organization, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Chinese Medical Association, Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, Cochrane Library, The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), New Zealand Guidelines Group, Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, etc. The evidence retrieved included evidence-based knowledge base resources, clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus, systematic review, etc. Data were retrieved from January 1, 2017 to May 1, 2022, and collated from May 2, 2022 to May 25, 2022. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of literature and extracted data using the AGREE Ⅱ and JBI evidence-based health care center assessment tools. The JBI evidence-based health care center′s evidence pre-rating system and evidence recommendation rating system were applied to rank the evidence; and under the guidance of the evidence structure of JBI, the strength of evidence recommendation was determined and the best evidence was extracted and summarized in combination with the study group discussion and expert opinion.Results:A total of 9 articles were retrieved, including 7 guidelines and 2 systematic reviews; and 6 guidelines were classified as Grade A and 1 as grade B; both 2 systematic reviews were rated as Grade A; 84% (27/32) of the items were evaluated as “Yes”. Evidence were summarized as 34 pieces of best evidence from 6 dimensions, including “overall recommendation, evaluation of type and degree of urinary incontinence, lifestyle change, behavioral therapy, prevention of precipitating factors, intervention in special population”; the flow chart of screening, evaluation, special symptoms, life style and behavior therapy was combed, and the practical suggestions were formed.Conclusions:The overall quality of the literature on non-drug intervention of urinary incontinence in elderly women is high, and the level of evidence is high. Early identification of urinary incontinence types and assessment of disease severity, lifestyle changes, avoidance of predisposing factors and behavioral therapy are the key to non-drug treatment of urinary incontinence in those patients.

Research on the Construction of Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Traditional Non-Pharmacological Tech-nology Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis / 中国卫生经济

Objective:In order to scientifically promote the selection of appropriate technology of traditional non-pharmacologi-cal,the value evaluation index system of traditional non-pharmacological technology was constructed in line with the characteristics of TCM based on the theory of health technology assessment and multi-criteria decision analysis.Methods:The evaluation index pool was initially formed through literature research,and then those indicators were further improved through semi-structured inter-views and Delphi method.Results:The value evaluation index was constructed with seven dimensions,including quality standard,safety,effectiveness,economy,inheritance and innovation,suitability and accessibility,which were subordinated by 17 second-level indicators and 33 third-level indicators.The questionnaire response rate was 100%.The group authority coefficient of 17 experts was 0.87,and the concentration and coordination degree of expert opinions of the first-level indicators were high.Conclusion:The index pool constructed in this study has high expert authority,good concentration and coordination of expert opinions,which needs to be verified by practical experience,which is of great significance for the value evaluation of traditional non-pharmacological technology.

Summary of evidence for non-pharmacological management of delirium in PICU patients / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To search and summarize the evidence for the non-pharmacological management of delirium of critically ill patients in PICU, and to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence pyramid model, we searched computerized decision support system, websites of guidelines, and databases, and obtained the guidelines, clinical decisions, systematic reviews, and evidence summaries.After screening the articles, two researchers independently appraise articles using validated tools, and finally formed the evidence summary of delirium non-pharmacological management of critically ill patients in PICU.Results:Totally six articles were included for the evidence synthesis, including three guidelines, two systematic reviews, and one expert advice.Twenty pieces of evidence including four aspects were summarized, namely delirium screening, risk prediction, non-pharmacological prevention and management strategies, health care provider education and departmental standardization.Conclusion:The evidence summarized in this study can provide a reference to health care professionals.When we apply this evidence in the clinical setting, we should adapt it accordingly to the specific clinical setting to improve the effectiveness of the evidence.

Entre o medo e a esperança: um estudo sobre os usos e sentidos do treinamento cerebral no Brasil / Between fear and hope: a study on the uses and meanings of brain training in Brazil

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de análise os usos e sentidos das práticas de treinamento cerebral na realidade brasileira. Este tipo de treinamento, também chamado de treinamento cognitivo e ginástica cerebral, diz respeito à prática guiada de determinados exercícios e jogos com o objetivo de preservar ou melhorar as habilidades cognitivas e/ou a cognição como um todo. O objetivo central deste trabalho é mapear e analisar os sentidos atribuídos pelas empresas de treinamento cerebral e seus clientes às próprias atividades de treinamento cerebral. Para atingir tal objetivo realizamos a análise de conteúdo de dois conjuntos de dados: a) informações textuais dos sites oficiais das três franquias de treinamento cerebral existentes no Brasil (Supera, Super Cérebro e Ginástica do Cérebro) assim como das principais plataformas virtuais brasileiras (Supera Online, NeuroForma, Afinando o Cérebro e Mente Turbinada); b) transcrições de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez clientes destas empresas, com idades entre 22 e 87 anos, e que praticavam regulamente tais atividades. Após analisarmos o conteúdo dos sites e das entrevistas pudemos observar que os sentidos do treinamento cerebral se relacionam, para os clientes, a uma série de medos e esperanças ­ e também à busca por diversão e sociabilidade. Dentre os medos destaca-se aquele relacionado à possibilidade de desenvolver a doença de Alzheimer ou algum outro quadro demencial que prejudique suas funções cognitivas e os levem a perder a autonomia e se tornarem dependentes de outras pessoas. Por outro lado, a busca por atividades de treinamento cerebral se relaciona também à esperança de reverter ou interromper o "declínio cognitivo" e de evitar, assim, o desenvolvimento de uma demência. As empresas, por sua vez, fomentam em seus clientes e potenciais clientes, através dos seus sites publicitários, diferentes formas de esperança, em especial a esperança de um futuro com capacidade cognitiva nas diversas etapas da vida. É possível dizer que o que há em comum entre aquilo que é vendido pelas empresas e aquilo que é comprado por seus clientes é a esperança. Apontamos, por fim, para as técnicas de treinamento cerebral como tecnologias da esperança, devido ao fato de serem utilizadas pelas empresas do ramo para fomentarem em seus clientes e potenciais clientes a crença de que é possível agir no presente de forma a preservar e aprimorar as habilidades cognitivas, a prevenir doenças como o Alzheimer e a prolongar o tempo de vida com saúde, autonomia e independência... (AU)

The main goal of the present doctoral thesis is to analyze the uses and meanings of the practices of cerebral training in Brazil. This type of training, also known as cognitive training and cerebral gymnastics, is related to the guided practice of specific exercises and games to preserve or improve cognitive skills and/or cognition in general. The main objective of this work is to map and analyze the definitions attributed to cerebral training companies and their clients to their brain training activities. To achieve this goal, we analyzed two groups of data: a) textual information available on the official websites of three Brazilian franchises focused on brain training (Super, Super Cérebro e Ginástica do Cérebro), as well the leading Brazilian virtual platforms (Supera Online, NeuroForma, Afinando o Cérebro e Mente Turbinada); b) transcriptions of semi-structured interviews with ten regular consumers of these companies, ages from 22 to 87 years. After analyzing the contents available on the websites and interviews, we could observe that the aims of brain training are connected. Besides the search for fun and sociability on the client's side, there are a series of fears and hopes. Among fears, we could stand out as the ones connected to the possibility of developing a future Alzheimer's disease or any other type of dementia state that could harm their cognitive functions and, consequently, lead them to lose their autonomy and become dependent on others. On the other hand, the search for brain gymnastic activities is related to the hope to revert or interrupt the "cognitive decline" and avoid the development of dementia. However, on their side, the companies encourage their clients and potential clients, through their advertising websites, different ways to trigger their hopes, especially the hope of a future when they develop cognitive capacities in different parts of their lives. We could claim that what connects the message released and these types of products, bought and sold, is hope. We finally point out that the techniques of brain training are technologies of hope since the companies of the field use them to foment their clients and potential clients the belief that it is possible to achieve, in the present, some preservation and improvement of cognitive skills, to prevent some diseases as Alzheimer and to lengthen their life expectancy healthily, enjoying autonomy and independence...(AU)

Intervenções não farmacológicas para o enfrentamento da síndrome gripal: uma revisão sistemática / Non-pharmacological interventions for coping with the influenza-like illness: a systematic review

Introdução: As intervenções não farmacológicas consistem em quaisquer medidas ou ações, que não o uso de vacinas ou medicamentos, que podem ser implementadas para retardar a disseminação de determinada doença infecciosa na população. Objetivo: Fornecer evidências científicas relacionadas às intervenções não farmacológicas que conferem a prevenção de síndrome gripal na comunidade. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura realizada nas bases de dados, Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science e, no que tange à literatura cinzenta, uma busca adicional foi realizada no Google Scholar. A busca eletrônica foi realizada no dia 06 de setembro de 2021. Os critérios de inclusão foram ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliassem a eficácia de intervenções não farmacológicas na comunidade para a prevenção da disseminação de síndrome gripal. A avaliação do risco de viés foi realizada por meio da ferramenta Risk of Bias 2.0. A síntese dos resultados foi apresentada de modo qualitativo. A síntese quantitativa (estatística) dos resultados não foi possível, devido à acentuada heterogeneidade de configurações metodológicas, bem como as qualidades metodológicas dos ensaios clínicos randomizados. Resultados: Foram compilados 34 ensaios clínicos randomizados. A avaliação metodológica demostrou que a maioria dos ensaios apresentam falhas na sua condução. No tocante aos países onde as intervenções foram utilizadas, destacam-se Estados Unidos da América, China e Espanha, respectivamente; e de acordo com o local onde foram realizadas - em domicílios, em escolas, em creches, em residências universitárias e em ambiente comunitário. Com relação à situação epidemiológica, observa-se que 13 estudos foram realizados no período sazonal de influenza, 11 estudos em períodos pontuais, cinco estudos em períodos pandêmicos por SARS-CoV-2, quatro estudos em períodos concomitantes e um estudo durante a pandemia de influenza. A respeito da infecção avaliada, observa-se estudos que avaliam infecções respiratórias agudas, influenza e COVID-19. Dos 34 ensaios clínicos, 30 avaliaram intervenções individuais, dois intervenção individual e ambiental, uma intervenção individual e comunitária; e um ensaio clínico avaliou uma intervenção comunitária. Intervenções individuais: máscara facial; higiene das mãos com água e sabão, com formulação à base de álcool, com cloreto benzalcônio; etiqueta respiratória; e limpeza nasal asséptica. Intervenções comunitárias: triagem, ventilação do ar, campanha publicitária (distanciamento social). Intervenção ambiental: limpeza de superfície. Conclusão: Algumas intervenções não farmacológicas individuais (higiene das mãos com água e sabão, higiene das mãos com formulação à base de álcool, etiqueta respiratória e limpeza nasal antisséptica) e ambientais não têm momento para início da implementação, elas devem se tornar cultural, pois são mais simples e de baixo custo. Essas intervenções e outras, como o uso de máscara facial, devem ser incentivadas durante os períodos sazonais desses vírus, considerando as particularidades de subgrupos populacionais, para prevenir maior disseminação. As intervenções combinadas (individuais/comunitárias e individuais/ambientais) potencializam os efeitos na redução da síndrome gripal e das infecções respiratórias agudas. Ressalta-se que as intervenções não farmacológicas representam a primeira escolha na prevenção da disseminação microbiana, são determinantes no controle das doenças e, de forma articulada, necessita da vacinação para minimizar os impactos deletérios na comunidade.

Introduction: Non-pharmacological interventions consist of any measures or actions, other than the use of vaccines or drugs, that can be implemented to delay the spread of a certain infectious disease in the population. Objective: To provide scientific evidence related to non-pharmacological interventions that prevent the flu syndrome in the community. Method: Systematic review of the literature carried out in the databases Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and, regarding the gray literature, an additional search was performed on Google Scholar. The electronic search was performed on September 6, 2021. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the community to prevent the spread of flu-like illness. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The synthesis of the results was presented in a qualitative way. The quantitative (statistical) synthesis of the results was not possible, due to the marked heterogeneity of methodological settings, as well as the methodological qualities of the randomized clinical trials. Results: 34 randomized clinical trials were compiled. The methodological evaluation showed that most of the trials have flaws in their conduction. With regard to the countries where the interventions were used, the United States of America, China and Spain, respectively, stand out. According to the place where they were carried out, at home, in schools, in day care centers, in university residences and in a community environment. Regarding the epidemiological situation, it is observed that 13 studies were carried out in the seasonal period of influenza, 11 studies in specific periods, five studies in pandemic periods due to SARS-CoV-2, four studies in concomitant periods and one study during the pandemic of influenza. Regarding the evaluated infection, there are studies that evaluate acute respiratory infections, influenza and COVID-19. Of the 34 clinical trials, 30 evaluated individual interventions, two individual and environmental intervention, one individual and community intervention; and a clinical trial evaluated a community intervention. Individual interventions: face mask; hand hygiene with soapy water, with alcohol-based formulation, with benzalkonium chloride; respiratory etiquette; and aseptic nasal cleaning. Community interventions: triage, air ventilation, publicity campaign (social distancing). Environmental intervention: surface cleaning. Conclusion: Some individual non-pharmacological interventions (hand hygiene with soap and water, hand hygiene with alcohol-based chemical formulation, respiratory etiquette and antiseptic nasal cleaning) and environmental do not have a time to start implementation, they must become cultural, because they are simpler and of low cost. These interventions, and others such as the use of a face mask, should be encouraged during the seasonal periods of these viruses, taking into account the particularities of population subgroups, to prevent further spread. Combined interventions (individual/community and individual/environmental) potentiate the effects in reducing flu syndrome and acute respiratory infections. It should be noted that non-pharmacological interventions represent the first choice in preventing microbial dissemination, are crucial in disease control and, in an articulated way, require vaccination to minimize deleterious impacts on the community.

Estrategias no farmacológicas para el manejo del dolor en pacientes en terapia de diálisis

Contexto: el manejo del dolor es una de las prioridades en la atención en salud y para tratarlo se debe trabajar de forma interdisciplinaria y así brindar a los pacientes las mejores opciones para su calidad de vida. Objetivo: esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar el impacto de estrategias no farmacológicas para el manejo del dolor en pacientes que toman terapia de diálisis en una unidad renal Bogotá. Metodología: esta es una investigación piloto cuasiexperimental que cuenta con la participación de 11 pacientes que respondieron el inventario breve acerca del dolor y asistieron a las capacitaciones de manejo del dolor. Los datos se analizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 24. Resultados: se encuentra impacto en los ítems de "peor dolor en las últimas 24 horas" y "disfrute de la vida", según las mediciones pre y pos de las capacitaciones de manejo del dolor cuando los pacientes perciben el dolor más bajo, además de considerar una menor influencia del dolor en el disfrute de la vida. Conclusiones: las estrategias no farmacológicas tienen un impacto en aspectos de la calidad de vida de los pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal. La capacitación en manejo del dolor con estrategias no farmacológicas son seguras, no invasivas y de bajo costo, incluso realizándolas de manera virtual.

Background: Pain management is one of the priorities in health care, work must be done in an interdisciplinary way to provide patients with better options for their quality of life. Purpose: This research aims to identify the impact of non-pharmacological strategies for pain management in patients receiving dialysis therapy in a Bogotá kidney unit. Methodology: It is a pilot investigation, quasi-experimental. It has the participation of 11 patients who respond to the brief pain inventory and attend pain management training. The data was analyzed with the statistical package SPSS version 24. Results: impact is found in the items of worst pain in the last 24 hours and enjoyment of life, according to pre and post measurements of pain management training, patients perceive lower pain, in addition to considering less influence of pain in the Enjoy life. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological strategies have an impact on aspects of the quality of life of patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. Training in pain management with non-pharmacological strategies is safe, non-invasive and low-cost, even carried out virtually.

Dolor de espalda. Generalidades en su diagnóstico y tratamiento / Generalities of Back Pain in Diagnosis And Treatment

Introducción: El dolor de espalda es un síntoma frecuente y de distribución universal que afecta a personas de cualquier edad y de ambos sexos. El 80 % de la población presentará un dolor de espalda en algún momento de su vida. Los procesos agudos son autolimitados y se resuelven en el plazo de unas semanas, excepto algunos casos que se cronifican y requieren asistencia médica continuada. Los cuadros crónicos son más frecuentes en edades comprendidas entre 45 y 65 años y en el sexo femenino. Objetivo: Actualizar los elementos generales relacionados con el diagnóstico y tratamiento del dolor de espalda. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión detallada en la literatura en relación al dolor de espalda en cuanto a su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se obtuvo literatura actualizada en las bases de datos Cumed, Ibec, Lilac, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus y Wholis. Se hizo una revisión del tema fundamentalmente de los últimos 5 años. Conclusiones: El dolor de espalda es un síntoma frecuente y de distribución universal que afecta a personas de cualquier edad y de ambos sexos. Las recomendaciones presentadas están basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, con la intención de estandarizarlas para el tratamiento del dolor de espalda en la Atención Primaria de Salud y para el tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico(AU)

Introduction: Back pain is a frequent and universally distributed symptom that affects people of any age and of both sexes. 80% of the population will experience back pain at some point in their lives. Acute processes are self-limiting and resolve within a few weeks, except for some cases that become chronic and require continued medical care. Chronic symptoms are more frequent in ages between 45 and 65 years and in the female sex. Objective: To update the general elements related to the diagnosis and treatment of back pain. Methods: A detailed review of the literature was carried out in relation to back pain in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Updated literature was retrieved from Cumed, Ibec, Lilac, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Wholis databases. A review of the subject was made fundamentally of the last 5 years. Conclusions: Back pain is a frequent and universally distributed symptom that affects persons of any age and both sexes. The recommendations are based on the best available evidence, with the intention of standardizing them for treating back pain in Primary Health Care and for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment(AU)

Non-pharmacological Interventions for Improving Sleep Quality During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / Intervenções não-farmacológicas para melhoria da qualidade do sono durante a gravidez: Uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality during pregnancy. Data sources A search was made in the NCBI/PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, BVS, and Web of Science databases. There were no limitations regarding language, sample size, and type of non-pharmacological intervention. We have included prospective clinical trials between July 2014 and July 2019. Selection of studies This study was registered in the Prospective International Registration of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database was performed. Publication bias was also assessed with funnel plots. the primary outcome was the total score in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after intervention. Risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used for assessing methodological quality. From the 28 retrieved studies, we have selected 8 for qualitative analysis and 6 for meta-analysis. Data collection Two independent reviewers performed the study selection. In the case of disagreement, a third senior reviewer was consulted. The study was initially assessed based on the title, followed by abstract. Lastly, the full text was assessed to be included. Data Synthesis A significant improvement on the sleep quality (PSQI score) was observed when all interventions were grouped (MD = -3.03, 95%CI -4.15 to -1.92, n= 623, i2= 84%, p< 0.001). Analysis by subgroup (music listening: MD = -1.96, 95% CI -3.27 to -0.65, n= 207, i2= 67%, p= 0.003 and other interventions: MD = -3.66, 95% CI -4.93 to -2.40, n= 416, i2 = 80%, p< 0.001) showed an improvement, with high heterogeneity. Risk of bias has shown performance and detection bias for almost studies, and GRADE evidence was very low for all analyzed variables. Conclusion Non-pharmacological interventions—listening to music, physical exercise, relaxation exercises, lettuce seed, sleep hygiene, and acupressure—are effective for improving sleep quality during pregnancy.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar o efeito de intervenções não-farmacológicas para melhorar a qualidade do sono durante a gravidez. Fontes dos dados Uma busca foi feita nas bases de dados NBCI/PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, BVS, e Web of Science. Não houve limitações quanto ao idioma, tamanho da amostra e tipo de intervenção não-farmacológica. Incluímos estudos clínicos prospectivos entre julho de 2014 e julho de 2019. Seleção dos estudos Foi realizado um registro no banco de dados Prospective International Registration of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). O viés de publicação foi avaliado com gráficos de funil. O desfecho primário foi a pontuação total do Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) antes e depois da intervenção. O risco de viés e os critérios Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) foram usados para avaliar a qualidade metodológica. Dos 28 estudos encontrados, selecionamos 8 para análise qualitativa e 6 para a metanálise. Coleta de dados Dois revisores independentes realizaram a seleção dos estudos. Em caso de discordância, um terceiro revisor foi consultado. Inicialmente o estudo foi avaliado com base no título e resumo. Para a inclusão, foi avaliado o texto completo. Síntese dos dados Uma melhora significativa na qualidade do sono (PSQI score) foi observada quando todas as intervenções foram agrupadas (MD = -3.03, 95% CI -4.15 a -1.92, n= 623, i2= 84%, p< 0.001). A análise por subgrupo (escutar música: MD = -1.96, 95% CI -3.27 a -0.65, n= 207, i2= 67%, p= 0.003 e outras intervenções: MD = -3.66, 95% CI -4.93 a -2.40, n= 416, i2 = 80%, p< 0.001) também mostrou uma melhora da qualidade do sono, porém com alta heterogeneidade. A análise do risco de viés mostrou que quase todos os estudos avaliados apresentaram viés de desempenho e detecção, e o nível de evidência GRADE foi muito baixo para todas as variáveis analisadas. Conclusão Intervenções não-farmacológicas - ouvir música, exercícios físicos, exercícios de relaxamento, sementes de alface, higiene do sono e acupressão - são eficazes para melhorar a qualidade do sono durante a gravidez.

Reacciones adversas en personas vacunadas contra la COVID-19 pertenecientes al Recinto Umpechico, Ecuador / Adverse reactions in people vaccinated against COVID-19 belonging to the Recinto Umpechico, Ecuador / Reações adversas em pessoas vacinadas contra COVID-19 pertencentes ao Recinto Umpechico, Equador

RESUMEN Introducción: Las vacunas contra la COVID-19 estimulan procesos inmunitarios que permiten mitigar el SARS-CoV-2, que afectó a gran parte de la población. Las investigaciones de las reacciones adversas presentadas por las vacunas de la COVID-19 deben ser continuas, ya que en la actualidad no existe información suficiente sobre sus consecuencias. Objetivo: Determinar las posibles reacciones adversas en adultos jóvenes y mayores pertenecientes al Recinto Umpechico inoculados contra el SARS-CoV-2 en Santo Domingo, durante el transcurso de 2021. Método: Se elaboró un estudio descriptivo en una población de 600 moradores de dicha localidad inoculados contra el SARS-CoV-2. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia cuya muestra fue de 235 habitantes. Las variables del estudio fueron: reacciones adversas de las vacunas contra la COVID-19, nombre de la vacuna recibida, número de dosis, intensidad y tiempo de duración de los síntomas, medicamentos utilizados para mitigar dichas reacciones adversas. Resultados: El 31,5 % de los encuestados que presentaron síntomas fueron de género masculino. La vacuna más aplicada fue Pfizer con 47,65 %, con un porcentaje de síntomas del 29,36 %. La reacción adversa más presentada fue dolor de brazo con un 31,98 %, con duración de dos a tres días equivalentes al 48,96 %; el 62,65 % usó paracetamol y el 20,5 % baños de agua fría para disminuir los síntomas. Conclusiones: Las vacunas fabricadas por las distintas casas farmacéuticas provocan reacciones adversas que van desde leves a graves, manifestándose a cualquier edad y a un corto o a largo plazo de duración, las cuales en la mayoría de los casos son fácilmente tratadas con medicamentos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 vaccines stimulate immune processes that allow SARS-CoV-2, which affected a large part of the population, to be mitigated. The research on the adverse reactions presented by the COVID-19 vaccines must be continuous, since at present there is not enough information on their consequences. Objective: To determine the possible adverse reactions in young and older adults belonging to the Recinto Umpechico, inoculated against SARS-CoV-2 in Santo Domingo, during 2021. Method: A descriptive study was carried out in a population of 600 residents of said locality, inoculated against SARS-CoV-2. Non-probability convenience sampling was used, with a sample of 235 inhabitants. The study variables were: adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, name of the vaccine received, number of doses, intensity and duration of symptoms, medications used to mitigate said adverse reactions. Results: 31.5% of the respondents who presented symptoms were male. The most common vaccine was Pfizer with 47.65%, with a percentage of symptoms of 29.36%. The most common adverse reaction was arm pain with 31.98%, lasting two to three days, equivalent to 48.96%; 62.65% used paracetamol and 20.5% used cold water baths to reduce symptoms. Conclusions: The vaccines manufactured by the different pharmaceutical companies cause adverse reactions that range from mild to severe, manifesting at any age and for a short or long term, which in most cases are easily treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological medications.

RESUMO Introdução: As vacinas COVID-19 estimulam processos imunológicos que permitem mitigar o SARS-CoV-2, que afetou grande parte da população. As investigações das reações adversas apresentadas pelas vacinas COVID-19 devem ser contínuas, pois atualmente não há informações suficientes sobre suas consequências. Objetivo: Determinar as possíveis reações adversas em adultos jovens e idosos pertencentes ao Campus Umpechico inoculados contra SARS-CoV-2, em Santo Domingo, durante o ano de 2021. Método: Estudo descritivo realizado em uma população de 600 moradores da referida localidade inoculada contra SARS-CoV-2. Foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística de conveniência, cuja amostra foi de 235 habitantes. As variáveis do estudo foram: reações adversas das vacinas COVID-19, nome da vacina recebida, número de doses, intensidade e duração dos sintomas, medicamentos utilizados para mitigar tais reações adversas. Resultados: 31,5% dos entrevistados que apresentaram sintomas eram do sexo masculino. A vacina mais aplicada foi a Pfizer com 47,65%, com percentual de sintomas de 29,36%. A reação adversa mais comum foi dor no braço com 31,98%, com duração de dois a três dias, equivalente a 48,96%; 62,65% usaram paracetamol e 20,5% usaram banhos de água fria para reduzir os síntomas. Conclusões: As vacinas fabricadas pelas diferentes empresas farmacêuticas causam reações adversas que variam de leves a graves, manifestando-se em qualquer idade e de curto ou longo prazo, que na maioria dos casos são facilmente tratadas com medicamentos farmacológicos e não farmacológicos.

A study to assess the effectiveness of warm foot bath therapy on the reduction of blood pressure among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary care setting

Background: The goal of hypertension management is to keep blood pressure within normal bounds while also enhancing elderly patients’ quality of life and health. Warm foot baths are a straightforward, affordable, and effective therapy method that can be used in naturopathy to alleviate hypertension. Materials and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design that included two groups, the hypertensive intervention group and hypertensive control group, which was studied over 3 months between March 2020 and May 2020. The necessary ethical committee permissions with reference number VMRF/2020/037 and informed consent from all the patients included have been obtained properly before proceeding with the study. Results: Among the 100 individuals involved in the study, 53% were males and 47% were females. The mean age among the intervention group was 53.62 ± 7.26, and 52.84 ± 6.47 among the control group. The majority of the males included in the study were nonsmokers (69.8%). The mean ± standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the intervention group during the pretest phase was 157.3 ± 13.4 and 88.1 ± 9.4, whereas, after the intervention of foot bath therapy, the measurements of SBP and DBP were reduced significantly to 133.8 ± 9.7 and 76.9 ± 7.2, which was statistically significant with a P value < 0.001. Conclusion: Warm foot bath soak therapy is anticipated to be used as a nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension in older patients.

A importância do Projeto Terapêutico Singular (PTS) no acompanhamento de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Outras Drogas (CAPSad): relato de experiência / The importance of the Singular Therapeutic Project (PTS) in monitoring users of a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad): experience report / La importancia del Proyecto Terapéutico Singular (PTS) en el seguimiento de usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Otras Drogas (CAPSad): relato de experiencia

Buscou-se relatar a experiência de um profissional de educação física no desenvolvimento de Projetos Terapêuticos Singulares (PTS) utilizados no acompanhamento de usuários em sofrimento mental de um CAPSad da região metropolitana Fortaleza-CE. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo relato de experiência com abordagem qualitativa realizada de janeiro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. Os resultados indicam que a participação do profissional de educação física residente foi de grande importância desde o planejamento do PTS junto às equipes multidisciplinares aos acompanhamentos individuais e/ou coletivos dos usuários e seus familiares no contexto de recuperação. O cuidado integral e participativo contribuiu no desenvolvimento da autonomia dos sujeitos rumo à responsabilização do próprio cuidado.

It was sought to report the experience of a physical education professional in the development of Singular Therapeutic Projects (PTS) used in the follow-up of users in mental suffering of a CAPSad in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza-CE. This is an experience report type research with a qualitative approach carried out from January 2021 to February 2022. The results indicate that the participation of the resident physical education professional was of great importance from the planning of the PTS with the multidisciplinary teams to the individual and/or collective follow-ups of users and their families in the context of recovery. Comprehensive and participatory care contributed to the development of subjects' autonomy towards accountability for their own care.

Buscamos relatar la experiencia de un profesional de educación física en el desarollo de Proyectos Terapéuticos Singulares (PTS) utilizados en el acompañamiento de usuarios en sufrimiento psíquico de un CAPSad en la región metropolitana de Fortaleza-CE. Se trata de una investigación tipo relato de experiencia con abordaje cualitativo realizada de enero de 2021 a febrero de 2022. Los resultados indican que la participación del profesional residente de educación física fue de gran importancia desde la planificación del PTS con los equipos multidisciplinarios hasta el individual y /o seguimientos colectivos de usuarios y sus familias en el contexto de la recuperación. El cuidado integral y participativo contribuyó al desarrollo de la autonomía de los sujetos hacia la responsabilidad por su propio cuidado.

Research progress on multicomponent physical exercise for patients with neurocognitive impairment / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Neurocognitive impairment is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by impaired cognitive function and decreased motor ability. Non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise have advantages in the treatment of patients with neurocognitive impairment. Multicomponent exercise is a combination of various physical exercises, including strength training, endurance training, balance training and flexibility training, that can improve gait, balance and cardiopulmonary function by increasing muscle mass, strength and endurance in people with neurocognitive impairment, while also reducing the risk of falls in elders. This article reviews the benefits of multicomponent exercise for patients with neurocognitive impairment and its evaluation methods; also describes 4 intervention programs and their clinical application, to provide evidence for clinical practice and promote the application of multicomponent exercise in patients with neurocognitive impairment.