Nonverbal learning disabilities and developmental dyscalculia: Differential diagnosis of two Brazilian children / Transtornos de aprendizagem não verbal e discalculia do desenvolvimento: Diagnóstico diferencial de duas crianças brasileiras / Trastornos de aprendizaje no verbal y discalculia del desarrollo: Diagnóstico diferencial de dos niños brasileños

Nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD), a clinical condition still little reported in Brazil, are characterized by damages in the visual spatial domains, visual motor integration, fine motor skills, math skills and social and emotional difficulties. Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects basic arithmetic skills acquisition, including storage and recovery of arithmetic facts, calculation fluency and precision and number sense domain. Although both are persistent Math learning disorder/disability, they cause different damages. The objective of this case report is to describe, compare and analyze the neuropsychological profile of two Brazilian children with similar complaints but distinct diagnosis.

Transtornos de aprendizagem não verbal (TANV), ainda pouco divulgado no Brasil, caracterizam-se por prejuízos nos domínios visuoespacial, integração visuomotora, motricidade fina, habilidades matemáticas e dificuldade social e emocional. Discalculia do Desenvolvimento (DD) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, com prejuízo na aquisição de habilidades aritméticas básicas, incluindo armazenagem e recuperação de fatos aritméticos, fluência e precisão de cálculo, e domínio do senso numérico. Apesar de ambos serem um transtorno persistente de aprendizagem matemática, envolvem prejuízos diferentes. Este relato de caso tem o objetivo de descrever, comparar e analisar o perfil neuropsicológico de duas crianças brasileiras, com queixa similar, e diagnóstico distinto.

Trastornos de aprendizaje no verbal (TANV), aún poco divulgado en Brasil, se caracteriza por perjuicios en los dominios visuoespacial, integración visomotora, motricidad fina, habilidades matemáticas y dificultades social y emocional. Discalculia del Desarrollo (DD) es un trastorno del desarrollo neural, con perjuicio en la adquisición de habilidades aritméticas básicas, incluyendo almacenaje y recuperación de hechos aritméticos, fluidez y precisión de cálculo y dominio del sentido numérico. Pese a que ambos sean trastornos persistentes de aprendizaje de matemáticas, son perjuicios diferentes. Este relato de experiencia tiene el objetivo de describir, comparar y analizar el perfil neuropsicológico de dos niños brasileños, con queja similar, y diagnóstico distinto.

Confusions and Controversies about Asperger Syndrome / 신경정신의학

Asperger syndrome (AS) is a disorder of early childhood characterized by impaired social interaction, communication difficulties, play and imagination deficits and a range of routines and rituals. A review of the literature explores current issues concerning the diagnosis of AS. Despite its increasing popularity as a distinct condition, it seems to be still controversial to what extent AS differs from high-functioning autism. Especially in European perspectives, AS is a variant of autism typically occurring in high-functioning individuals, and not a separate disorder. However, the validity of AS as a different diagnostic entity has been recognized through several lines of evidence in the US. AS and nonverbal learning disabilities are often confused with some authors and practitioners not differentiating at all, others perceiving as different points along a continuum, and still others seeing them as different, albeit overlapping, disorders. The major difference is that AS is a pervasive developmental disorder, with chronically restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, which are far beyond the narrow range of activities, social awkwardness, and slightly eccentric behaviors that are sometimes found individuals with nonverbal learning disabilities.