Cytogenetic Analysis Of Down Syndrome

Objective: Down syndrome is a common genetic disease, diagnosed with congenital malformation/mental retardation. Down syndrome occurs in all races & economic levels. It is caused by third copy of chromosome 21, there are there forms of DS. Simple Trisomy 21, Translocation Trisomy and Mosaic Trisomy. The aim of the study is to know cause of Down syndrome. Chromosomal analysis was carried out by G banding technique. Materials and Methods: 1 ml of peripheral blood samples were collected in Out Patient Department of pediatrics and Cytogenetic analysis was per-formed. Results: Out of 28, 3 female cases, 2 male cases were Down syndrome, All the 5 cases were free trisomy 21, which is common type of Down syndrome; we have not identified Robertsonian translocation and mosaic type of DS. Conclusion: The present analysis shows that genetic risk factors are responsible for the incidence of Down syndrome.

Association between standard of living and underweight & overweight among likely to conceive women in rural North Karnataka-baseline result of DBW cohort

Background: In 2014, approximately 462 million adults worldwide were underweight; while 1.9 billion were either overweight or obese. Hence, a study was carried out first time using the NFHS Standard of Living Index to assess the association between socioeconomic status and underweight & overweight among likely to conceive women.Material & Methods: In Determinants of Birth Weight (DBW): a community based prospective cohort study; household characteristic information was collected from 1293 likely to conceive women. Nutritional status of women was graded based on WHO international BMI categories. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression were applied to assess the association between standard of living and underweight & overweight with the 95% confidence level and p values less than 0.05.Results: The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was found 35.1%, 52.4%, 9.7% and 2.7%, respectively, with mean±SD BMI 20.4 kg/m2±3.876 kg/m2. The low standard of living was significantly associated with underweight whereas high standard of living was associated with overweight among likely to conceive women in a rural North Karnataka with a p value less than 0.05.Conclusion: Among likely to conceive women, there is an inverse association between standard of living and underweight whereas positive association with overweight in a rural North Karnataka.