RESUMO
Interruption of blood supply to heart results in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and further leads to damaging of the heart muscles. Available drugs for the treatment MI have one or other side effects, and there is a need for development of better alternative drugs. Here comes the role of herbal sources. In this study, we evaluated cardioprotective effect of Cyperus rotundus on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. Thirty five Wistar rats, aged 60-100 days with body wt. 150-200 g, pretreated with ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus L. (@ 250 and 500 mg/kg body wt.) orally before induction of myocardial necrosis by administrating isoprenaline (85 mg/kg, s.c.) on 19th and 20th day of the pretreatment period. The treated rats were examined for gross functioning of heart, heart weight/body wt. Ratio, and also observed histopathologically. Further, activities of various cardiac enzymes such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatinine kinase-myoglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase, and the gold marker troponin-I were also determined. The levels altered by isoproterenol were found to be restored significantly by the test extracts especially at higher dose. Biochemical observations viz., serum ALT (P<0.0001), AST (P<0.0001), creatine kinase-myoglobulin (CK-MB) (P<0.0001), LDH (P<0.0001) demonstrated significant cardioprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of C. rotundus(500 mg/kg body wt.), against isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction. These results were also substantiated by physical parameters and histopathological observations. All these results were comparable with that of two standard drugs metoprolol (10 mg/kg/day), ramipril (3 mg/kg/day) as well as polyherbal formulation Abana (50 mg/kg/day).
RESUMO
É de conhecimento popular que extratos de tiririca aumentam o enraizamento adventício de várias espécies, sendo esse procedimento utilizado na propagação vegetativa caseira. Uma vez que nesses extratos concentram grandes quantidades de auxinas e compostos fenólicos, o objetivo deste estudo pioneiro foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de extratos de folhas e de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus L. na estaquia caulinar de Duranta repens L., espécie considerada de fácil enraizamento, comparando sua ação à de auxinas sintéticas. As estacas foram coletadas em abril, junho, agosto, outubro e dezembro/2006 e fevereiro/2007 e confeccionadas com 8 cm de comprimento, com base cortada em bisel e corte reto acima da última gema, mantendo-se 4 folhas apicais. Os tratamentos foram: água e solução alcoólica 50% como controles; extrato de folhas e de tubérculos de C. rotundus (25%, 50% e 100%); solução de ANA e AIB (500 e 1000 mg L-1), com imersão da base das estacas durante 10 segundos. As estacas foram mantidas sob nebulização, em tubetes contendo vermiculita, por 45 dias. Foram avaliadas a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes por estaca, comprimento das três maiores raízes por estaca (cm) e a porcentagem de estacas vivas. Estacas coletadas nos meses de outubro e dezembro/2006 apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de enraizamento (87,3% e 86,7%, respectivamente) e maior número de raízes por estacas (9,5 e 10,4 raízes, respectivamente). O comprimento máximo das 3 maiores raízes (10,2 cm) foi obtido em estacas coletadas em dezembro/2006 e a maior taxa de sobrevivência (60%) foi registrada na coleta de junho/2006 em estacas tratadas com 500 e 1000 mg L-1 de AIB. A aplicação dos extratos de folhas e de tubérculos de C. rotundus não apresentou diferença entre os resultados obtidos com a aplicação de ANA e AIB, os quais, por sua vez, também não influenciaram o enraizamento de estacas de D. repens em nenhuma das épocas avaliadas.
It is known from popular tradition that extracts from nut grass increase the adventitious rooting of different species, being this procedure used in home-made vegetative propagation. Since in these extracts it is possible to find a large amount of auxins and phenolic compounds, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of Cypreus rotundus L. leaves and tubers extracts in stem cuttings of Duranta repens L., a species considered of easy rooting, in comparison with the action of synthetic auxins. Cuttings were collected in april, june, august, october and december/2006 and february/2007 with 8 cm in length, diagonal cut at the bottom and a straight cut above the last bud, keeping four upper leaves. Treatments consisted of control (water and ethanol 50%); extract from C. rotundus leaves and tubers (25, 50 and 100%); NAA and IBA (500 and 1000 mg L-1), with immersion of the base of the cuttings for 10 seconds. Cuttings were kept in greenhouse under high moisture, in plastic containers containing vermiculite, for 45 days. The percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots per cutting, length of the three longest roots per cutting (cm) and the percentage of living cuttings were evaluated. Cuttings collected in october and december/2006 demonstrated the highest percentages of rooting (87.3% and 86.7%, respectively) and highest number of roots per cutting (9.5 and 10.4 roots, respectively). December/2006 cuttings showed the maximum length of the three largest roots (10.2 cm) and the best level of survival (60%) was found in cuttings collected in june/2006 and treated with 500 and 1000 mg L-1 of IBA. Therefore, we observed no statistical differences between the application of C. rotundus leaf and tuber extracts and the application of NAA and IBA.