RESUMO
Infant nutritional status evaluation is a basic experimental skill in the experimental teaching of nutrition and food hygiene. The construction of this virtual simulation experiment can solve the problems of activeness and poor coordination of infants and young children in the actual operation of the experiment. And based on the application of this virtual simulation project, the experimental teaching method of preventive medicine was explored. This experiment adopted online and offline mixed teaching method, which enriches teaching measures and strengthens the standardized process of infant nutritional status evaluation. After 3 semesters of practice from spring 2018 to spring 2020, the proportion of students who achieved excellent grades was 30.09% (34/113), 56.02% (279/498) and 66.79% (1 080/1 617), respectively, which increased significantly year by year ( Ptrend < 0.001). Among all the 2 228 students, 1 983 students (89%) believed that this experimental teaching could better cultivate the ability of autonomous learning. Through the study of virtual simulation experiments, students have improved their subjective initiative, and laid a foundation for the improvement of students' overall quality and the requirements of school elite education.
RESUMO
A food and nutrition education intervention was implemented in nine public schools in Peñalolen, Chile, with one control school. The objective was to determine the trend in obesity prevalence and in food knowledge and food consumption in preschool and school-age children followed longitudinally in the first year of intervention, compared with the control school. The sample included 1556pre-school, first and second grade (1225 children in experimental schools and 331 in the control school) followed during one school year. Nutrition education activities were performed with teachers and students, and the evaluation of nutritional status was carried out in two points, March-April and October-November 2010. There was also one measurement of snack consumption in pre-school children and a food and nutrition survey in school age children at the beginning and at the end of the year. Results showed that there was no change in overweight and obesity in the intervened school-age children, and a small increase in the control school. However, analyzing nutritional status by school, in seven of the nine experimental schools there was a decrease in obesity. A high percentage ofpreschool children carried soft drinks and juices to school. In school age children there was a significant increase in fruit and dairy consumption during the year. School age children had a good knowledge offruits and dairy food, but not offish and legumes. Despite the short period of food and nutrition intervention, this study shows that interventions implemented in a structured way with an evaluation can have a positive impact on changing eating habits and improving the nutritional status of municipal preschool and school children.
Se plantea una intervención en educación alimentaria y nutricional en nueve escuelas de la comuna de Peñalolén, con una escuela control. El objetivo es evaluar los cambios en el estado nutricional, conocimiento y consumo de alimentos de los niños de prebá-sica y básica durante el primer año de la intervención, comparados con el colegio control. Es un estudio cuasi-experimental, de seguimiento longitudinal en 1556 niños de prekinder, kínder, primero y segundo básico (1225 niños de las escuelas intervenidas y 331 de la escuela control) seguidos durante un año escolar. Se realizaron actividades educativas con profesores y alumnos y la evaluación consistió en una medición de su estado nutricional en marzo-abril y octubre-noviembre del año 2010; una medición de las colaciones en los niños de prekinder y kínder, con una encuesta alimentaria a los de primero y segundo básico. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo cambio en el estado nutricional en el total de los niños intervenidos, aumentando levemente el sobrepeso y obesidad en el colegio control. Sin embargo, al hacer el análisis por colegio, en siete de los nueve colegios intervenidos disminuyó la obesidad. En cuanto a consumo, un alto porcentaje de niños de prebásica llevaban jugos y bebidas en las colaciones y en los niños de básica se produjo un incremento significativo del consumo de frutas y lácteos durante el año. En conocimiento, los niños de primero y segundo básico tuvieron una buena comprensión en frutas y lácteos, no así para el pescado y legumbres. A pesar del corto período de intervención, este estudio permite señalar que cuando las intervenciones en alimentación y nutrición se realizan en forma estructurada y son evaluadas, pueden tener un impacto positivo en el cambio de hábitos alimentarios y en la disminución de la obesidad en preescolares y escolares de escuelas municipales.