Factores asociados al desenlace en niños con mal rotación intestinal manejados en el Hospital Infantil de San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia / Factors associated with outcome in children with intestinal malrotation managed at the Hospital Infantil of San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia

Introducción. El intestino primitivo rota durante la vida embrionaria. Cuando ocurre de forma inadecuada aparece la malrotación intestinal que puede llevar a la obstrucción o al vólvulo del intestino medio. La incidencia disminuye con el aumento de la edad. La malrotación intestinal es una de las principales causas de complicaciones del tracto gastrointestinal en la edad pediátrica. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y analítico, de la experiencia durante 10 años en pacientes menores de 15 años con diagnóstico de malrotación intestinal, tratados en el Hospital Infantil de San Vicente Fundación, en Medellín, Colombia. Se buscó la asociación entre variables demográficas, clínicas e imagenológicas con los desenlaces. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 58 pacientes con malrotación intestinal, 65 % menores de 1 año. En 29,3 % de los pacientes se hizo el diagnóstico con la presentación clínica; los síntomas predominantes fueron distensión abdominal y emesis. En el 24,1 % se confirmó el diagnóstico con imágenes. Las variables con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa a favor de encontrar una malrotación complicada fueron choque séptico (OR=11,7), síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (OR=8,4) y deshidratación (OR=5,18). Conclusiones. La malrotación intestinal tiene complicaciones como perforación, peritonitis, vólvulo e intestino corto. El vólvulo se acompaña de shock y sepsis, con mortalidad hasta del 50 %. Las imágenes diagnósticas son una ayuda, pero no se puede basar la conducta médica en estas porque ninguna imagen garantiza el diagnóstico definitivo. Los signos de alarma son poco específicos. En menores de un año con emesis, distensión y dolor abdominal se debe sospechar malrotación intestinal.

Introduction. The primitive intestine rotates during embryonic life. When it occurs inappropriately, intestinal malrotation appears, which can lead to obstruction or midgut volvulus. The incidence decreases when age increases. Intestinal malrotation is one of the main causes of complications of the gastrointestinal tract in pediatric age. Method. Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and analytical study of the experience over 10 years in patients under 15 years of age with a diagnosis of intestinal malrotation, treated at Hospital Infantil of San Vicente Fundación, in Medellín, Colombia. The association between demographic, clinical and imaging variables with the outcomes was sought. Results. There were 58 patients with intestinal malrotation, 65% under one year of age. In 29.3% of patients, intestinal malrotation was diagnosed clinically. The predominant symptoms were abdominal distension and emesis. In 24.1% the diagnosis was confirmed with imaging. The variables with a statistically significant difference in favor of finding a complicated malrotation were septic shock (OR=11.7), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (OR-8.4), and dehydration (OR=5.18). Conclusions. Malrotation has complications such as perforation, peritonitis, volvulus, and short bowel. Volvulus is accompanied by shock and sepsis, with mortality of up to 50%. Diagnostic images are helpful, but medical conduct cannot be based on them because no image guarantees a definitive diagnosis. The warning signs are not very specific. In children under one year of age with emesis, distension and abdominal pain, intestinal malrotation should be suspected.

Síndrome de Rapunzel: atadura sicológica y simulación orgánica / Rapunzel syndrome: psychological bondage and organic simulation

Introducción. El síndrome de Rapunzel es una entidad infrecuente, que se presenta como un tricobezoar a causa de una aglomeración de cabello acumulado dentro del tracto gastrointestinal, por lo que simula otras patologías quirúrgicas. Caso clínico. Paciente femenina de 10 años de edad, con tricotilomanía y tricofagia, dolor abdominal y síntomas inespecíficos de obstrucción intestinal de ocho meses de evolución. Al examen físico se encontró abdomen con distensión y masa palpable en epigastrio y mesogastrio. La ecografía permitió hacer el diagnóstico de tricobezoar gástrico extendido hasta el intestino delgado, por lo que se llevó a cirugía para gastrotomía y se extrajo el tricobezoar, con evolución satisfactoria de la paciente. El abordaje integral permitió conocer la atadura sicológica por posible maltrato infantil. Resultado. La paciente tuvo una evolución satisfactoria y se dio egreso al quinto día de hospitalización. Actualmente se encuentra en seguimiento por sicología, siquiatría infantil y pediatría. Discusión. El caso clínico denota la importancia en reconocer situaciones de presentación infrecuente en pediatría, que puedan estar asociadas a alteraciones sicológicas o presunción de maltrato infantil y que se presenten como una condición orgánica recurrente que simule otras patologías abdominales frecuentes en la infancia. El retraso diagnóstico puede conducir a un desenlace no deseado con complicaciones. Conclusión. Se hace mandatorio el manejo integral del paciente pediátrico y aumentar la sensibilidad para reconocer situaciones de presunción de maltrato infantil, sobre todo en pacientes con una condición orgánica quirúrgica recurrente.

Introduction. Rapunzel syndrome is an uncommon condition that manifests as trichobezoars, which are hair bundles in the stomach or small intestine that can mimics other surgical illnesses. Multiple complications can arise from delayed diagnosis and treatment. Clinical case. A 10-year-old female patient with trichotillomania and trichophagia, with abdominal pain and nonspecific symptoms of intestinal obstruction of eight months of evolution. Physical examination revealed epigastric tenderness and a solid mass was palpable in the mesogastric and epigastric region. An abdominal ultrasound showed gastric trichobezoar that extended into the small intestine. A gastrotomy was performed and the trichobezoar was extracted with satisfactory evolution of the patient. The comprehensive approach allowed knowing the psychological bond due to possible child abuse. Results. The patient had a satisfactory evolution and was discharged on the fifth day of hospitalization. He is currently being monitored by psychology, child psychiatry and pediatrics. Discussion. This clinical case highlights the importance of recognizing situations that seldom present in pediatrics, which may have a psychological aspect due to the presumption of child abuse, and which present as a recurrent organic condition simulating other frequent abdominal pathologies in childhood; all of which may lead to an unwanted outcome due to diagnostic delay. Conclusion. The comprehensive management of the pediatric patient is mandatory to recognize situations of presumed child abuse, in the face of a recurrent surgical conditions.

Prótesis colónicas en el tratamiento paliativo del cáncer colónico. Nuestra evaluación tras 10 años de experiencia / Self-expanding metal stents in the palliative treatmentof coloncancer. Results of 10 years of experience

Introducción: la colocación de prótesis metálicas autoexpansibles (PAE) por vía endoscópica surge como opción terapéutica para la obstrucción colónica neoplásica en dos situaciones: como tratamiento paliativo y como puente a la cirugía curativa. Este procedimiento evita cirugías en dos tiempos y disminuye la probabilidad de colostomía definitiva y sus complicaciones con el consecuente deterioro de la calidad de vida. Objetivo: comunicar nuestra experiencia en la colocación de PAE para el tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción colorrectal neoplásica. Diseño: retrospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y observacional. Material y métodos: se incluyeron todos los pacientes a quienes el mismo grupo de endoscopistas les colocó PAE con intención paliativa por cáncer colorrectal avanzado entre agosto de 2008 y diciembre de 2019. Fueron analizadas las variables demográficas y clínicas, el éxito técnico y clínico, las complicaciones tempranas y tardías y la supervivencia. Resultados: se colocó PAE en 54 pacientes. La media de edad fue 71 años. El 85% de las lesiones se localizó en el colon izquierdo. En el 57% de los pacientes se realizó en forma ambulatoria. El éxito técnico y clínico fue del 92 y 90%, respectivamente y la supervivencia media de 209 días. La tasa de complicaciones fue del 29,6%, incluyendo un 14,8% de obstrucción y un 5,6% de migración. La mortalidad tardía atribuible al procedimiento fue del 5,6%, ocasionada por 3 perforaciones tardías: 2 abiertas y 1 microperforación con formación de absceso localizado. Conclusiones: la colocación de PAE como tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción neoplásica colónica es factible, eficaz y segura. Permitió el manejo ambulatorio o con internación breve y la realimentación temprana, mejorando las condiciones para afrontar un eventual tratamiento quimioterápico paliativo. Las mayoría de las complicaciones fueron tardías y resueltas endoscópicamente en forma ambulatoria. (AU)

Introduction: endoscopic placement of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) emerges as a therapeutic option for neoplastic obstruction of the colon in two situations: as palliative treatment and as a bridge to curative surgery. This procedure avoids two-stage surgeries and reduces the probability of permanent colostomy and its complications with the consequent deterioration in quality of life. Objective: to report our experience in the placement of SEMS as palliative treatment in neoplastic colorectal obstruction. Design: retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive and observational study. Methods: all patients in whom the same group of endoscopists performed SEMS placement with palliative intent for advanced colorectal cancer between August 2008 and December 2019 were analyzed. Data collected were demographic and clinical variables, technical and clinical success, early and late complications, and survival. Results: SEMS were placed in 54 patients. The average age was 71 years. Eighty-five percent were left-sided tumors. In 57% of the patients the procedure was performed on an outpatient basis. Technical and clinical success was 92 and 90%, respectively, and median survival was 209 days. The complication rate was 29.6%, including 14.8% obstruction and 5.6% migration. Late mortality attributable to the procedure was 5.6%, caused by 3 late perforations: 2 open and 1 microperforation with localized abscess formation. Conclusions: The placement of SEMS as a palliative treatment for neoplastic colonic obstruction is feasible, effective and safe. It allowed outpa-tient management or brief hospitalization and early refeeding, improving the conditions to face an eventual palliative chemotherapy treatment. Most complications were late and resolved endoscopically on an outpatient basis. (AU)

Divertículo de Meckel complicado. Experiencia de 15 años en un hospital interzonal / Complicated Meckel's diverticulum. Fifteen years of experiencein an interzonal hospital in the Province of Buenos Aires

Introducción: el divertículo de Meckel es la anomalía congénita más frecuente del tracto gastrointestinal. Puede presentarse con hemorragia, obstrucción intestinal o diverticulitis, complicaciones que disminuyen con la edad, por lo que en el adulto el diagnóstico suele ser incidental. El tratamiento de las complicaciones es quirúrgico, mediante diverticulectomía o resección segmentaria del intestino delgado, dependiendo de sus características morfológicas. Objetivo: analizar nuestra experiencia en el manejo del divertículo de Meckel complicado en un período de 15 años. Diseño: estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal, retrospectivo. Material y métodos: se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes operados por divertículo de Meckel complicado en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital San Roque durante el periodo 2007-2022. Se registraron datos demográficos, presentación clínica, diagnóstico preoperatorio, tratamiento quirúrgico, complicaciones postoperatorias y hallazgos histopatológicos. Resultados: se incluyeron 25 pacientes, 21 (84%) hombres, 3 menores de 18 años. La presentación clínica fue un síndrome de fosa iliaca derecha en el 80% de los casos, obstrucción intestinal en el 16% y hemorragia en el 4%. En solo 2 casos se realizó el diagnóstico preoperatorio, confirmado mediante tomografía computada. Se realizó diverticulectomía en el 68% de los pacientes y resección segmentaria el 32%. El abordaje fue laparotómico en el 64%, principalmente en el periodo inicial y laparoscópico en el 36%. Hubo una complicación IIIb de Clavien-Dindo en un paciente pediátrico tratado con drenaje percutáneo. En un solo paciente (4%), que se presentó con hemorragia digestiva masiva, se encontró epitelio de tipo gástrico y páncreas ectópico en el divertículo. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia el divertículo de Meckel complicado se presentó predominantemente en hombres. La complicación más frecuente en el adulto fue la diverticulitis. El diagnóstico preoperatorio fue infrecuente y realizado por tomografía computada. La diverticulectomía es suficiente en la mayoría de los casos. Actualmente, la laparoscopia es una herramienta segura, rentable y eficiente que permite el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos de esta entidad. (AU)

Introduction: Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract. It can present with bleeding, intesti-nal obstruction or diverticulitis, complications that decrease with age, so in adults the diagnosis is usually incidental. Treatment of complications is surgical, through diverticulectomy or segmental resection of the small intestine, depending on its morphological characteristics. Objective: to analyze our experience in the management of complicated Meckel's diverticulum over a period of 15 years. Design: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study. Materials and methods: the medical records of patients operated on for complicated Meckel's diverticulum in the General Surgery Service of the San Roque Hospital during the period 2007-2022 were reviewed. Demo-graphic data, clinical presentation, preoperative diagnosis, surgical treatment, postoperative complications, and histopathological findings were recorded. Results: twenty-five patients were included, 21 (84%) men, 3 under 18 years of age. The clinical presentation was a right iliac fossa syndrome in 80% of cases, intestinal obstruction in 16% and hemorrhage in 4%. In only 2 cases was the preoperative diagnosis made, confirmed by computed tomography. Diverticulectomy was performed in 68% of patients and segmental resection in 32%. The approach was by laparotomy in 64%, mainly in the initial period, and by laparoscopy in 36%. There was a Clavien-Dindo IIIb complication in a pediatric patient treated with percutaneous drain-age. In only one patient (4%), who presented with massive gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric-type epithelium and ectopic pancreas were found in the diverticulum. Conclusions: In our experience, complicated Meckel's diverticulum occurred predominantly in men. The most frequent complication in adults was diverticulitis. Preoperative diagnosis was infrequent and was made by computed tomography. Diverticulectomy is sufficient in most cases. Currently, laparoscopy is a safe, profitable and efficient tool that allows for the timely diagnosis and treatment of this entity. (AU)

Osificación heterotópica mesentérica como causa de obstrucción intestinal en un paciente con abdomen séptico / Mesenteric Heterotopic Ossification as a Cause of Intestinal Obstruction in a Patient with a Septic Abdomen

Presentación del caso. Se trata de un masculino de 49 años, con historia de un trauma abdominal cerrado con un objeto contuso sin alteraciones hemodinámicas. La ecografía focalizada de traumatismos resultó positiva a líquido libre en la cavidad abdominal en tres ventanas. Intervención terapéutica. Fue sometido a múltiples laparotomías exploratorias con lavados de cavidad abdominal posterior a presentar un cuadro de abdomen séptico Björk 4, quien después de 38 días de estancia intrahospitalaria presentó una fístula enteroatmosférica que causaba un déficit nutricional. En una intervención quirúrgica se realizó el cierre de la fístula enteroatmosférica, con el hallazgo de tejido óseo trabecular en cavidad abdominal, correspondiente a osificación heterotópica intraabdominal de formación reciente. Evolución clínica. Luego de la anastomosis del intestino delgado presentó signos de obstrucción intestinal, a causa de esto, se realizó una nueva laparotomía exploratoria, en la que se encontró tejido óseo adherido al mesenterio del intestino delgado que generó una obstrucción completa, se extirpó el material óseo y se logra restablecer el flujo intestinal liberando la obstrucción en el intestino delgado

Case presentation. A 49-year-old male, with a history of blunt abdominal trauma with a blunt object without hemodynamic alterations. The focused trauma ultrasound was positive for free fluid in the abdominal cavity in three windows. Treatment.The patient underwent multiple exploratory laparotomies with peritoneal lavage after presenting a septic abdomen (Björk 4), who after 38 days of intrahospital stay presented an enteroatmospheric fistula that caused a large nutritional deficit. In a surgical intervention, the enteroatmospheric fistula was closed, with the finding of trabecular bone tissue in the abdominal cavity, corresponding to intra-abdominal heterotopic ossification of recent formation. Outcome. After the small intestine anastomosis, he presented signs of intestinal obstruction, because of this, a new exploratory laparotomy was performed, in which bone tissue was found adhered to the mesentery of the small intestine that generated a complete obstruction. The bone material was removed and the intestinal flow was reestablished, freeing the obstruction in the small intestine

Disfunções respiratórias felinas: caracterizando e diferenciando a asma e bronquite felinas / Feline respiratory dysfunctions: characterizing and differentiating feline asthma and bronchitis / Disfunciones respiratorias felinas: caracterización y diferenciación del asma y bronquitis felinas

As doenças respiratórias são consideradas doenças graves e potencialmente deletérias. Dentre elas, a asma e a bronquite crônica caracterizam-se como disfunções respiratórias que ameaçam constantemente o bem-estar dos gatos. Os pacientes apresentam mudanças na estrutura respiratória, reversíveis ou não, devido ao extenso quadro inflamatório, que obstrui o fluxo de ar, permite o acúmulo de muco e reduz o lúmen das vias aéreas. Os gatos acometidos apresentam tosses, respiração ruidosa, dispneia, e, em muitos casos, assumem posição ortopneica. O diagnóstico pode ser obtido através de exames de rotina, uso de radiografias torácicas, coleta e análise de fluidos broncoalveolares, e testes alergênicos. O manejo terapêutico baseia-se, combinado ou não, no uso de drogas como broncodilatadores, antiinflamatórios esteroidais, mucolíticos, antibióticos, agentes inalatórios e mudanças ambientais com objetivo de redução da exposição aos possíveis agentes alergênicos responsáveis pela incitação do quadro respiratório.

Respiratory diseases are considered serious and potentially harmful diseases. Among them, asthma and chronic bronchitis are characterized as respiratory disorders that constantly threaten the well-being of cats. The patients present changes in the respiratory structure, reversible or not, due to the extensive inflammatory condition, which obstructs the air flow, allows the accumulation of mucus and reduces the lumen of the airways. Affected cats have coughs, wheezing, dyspnoea, and in many cases assume an orthopneic position. The diagnosis can be obtained through routine exams, use of chest x-rays, collection and analysis of bronchoalveolar fluids, and allergen testing. Therapeutic management is based, combined or not, on the use of drugs such as bronchodilators, steroidal anti-inflammatory, mucolytics, antibiotics, inhalational agents and environmental changes in order to reduce exposure to possible allergenic agents responsible for the incitation of the respiratory condition.

Las enfermedades respiratorias son consideradas enfermedades graves y potencialmente dañinas. Entre ellos, el asma y la bronquitis crónica se caracterizan por ser trastornos respiratorios que amenazan constantemente el bienestar de los gatos. Los pacientes presentan cambios en la estructura respiratoria, reversibles o no debido al cuadro inflamatorio extenso, que obstruye el flujo de aire, permite la acumulación de moco y reduce la luz de las vías respiratorias. Los gatos afectados presentan tos, respiración ruidosa, disnea y, en muchos casos, adoptan una posición ortopneica. El diagnóstico se puede obtener mediante exámenes de rutina, uso de radiografías de tórax, recolección y análisis de líquidos broncoalveolares, y pruebas de alérgenos. El manejo terapéutico se basa, combinado o no, en el uso de fármacos como broncodilatadores, antiinflamatorios esteroides, mucolíticos, antibióticos, agentes inhalatorios y cambios ambientales con el objetivo de reducir la exposición a posibles agentes alergénicos responsables de incitar la afección respiratoria.

Dacriocistocele bilateral congénito: reporte de un caso / Congenital bilateral dacryocystocele: case report

Introducción: el dacriocistocele es una malformación congénita rara, secundaria a la obstrucción del conducto nasolagrimal; tiene una incidencia de 0,1 % de pacientes con obstrucción congénita del conducto nasolagrimal y se encuentra bilateralmente hasta en 25 % de casos. Caso clínico: lactante femenina de dos meses con celulitis periorbitaria derecha preseptal no asociada con lesión de entrada y diagnóstico inicial de dacriocistitis derecha. Al examen físico de ingreso, en el ojo derecho se evidencia gran masa abscedada en saco lagrimal; en el ojo izquierdo, un área indurada y leve reflujo a la presión del saco lagrimal. Se realiza tomografía computarizada de órbitas con hallazgos compatibles con dacriocistocele bilateral. Discusión y conclusiones: conocer la presentación y posibles complicaciones asociadas con esta patología previene una morbilidad importante al paciente. La mayoría de los casos de dacriocistocele se pueden manejar médicamente, sin embargo, aquellos asociados con complicaciones requieren de manejo quirúrgico oportuno.

Introduction: Dacryocystocele is a rare congenital malformation secondary to na-solacrimal duct obstruction. It has an incidence of 0.1% of patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, being found bilaterally in up to 25% of cases. Case Report: Two-month-old female infant with preseptal right periorbital cellulitis not associated with an entrance lesion, with an initial diagnosis of right dacryocystitis. On physical examination, a large abscessed mass in the lacrimal sac was eviden-ced in the right eye; in the left eye, there was an indurated area and slight reflux to the lacrimal sac pressure. Computed tomography of the orbits was performed with findings compatible with bilateral dacryocystocele. Discussion and conclusions: Knowing the presentation and possible complications associated with this pathology prevents significant patient morbidity. Most cases of dacryocystocele can be mana-ged medically, however, cases associated with complications require timely surgical management.

Laceração de canalículo lacrimal em centro de referência do centro-oeste paulista / Lacrimal canaliculus laceration in a reference center in the Center-West of the state of São Paulo

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas, técnicas cirúrgicas e resultado do tratamento das lacerações canaliculares operadas em nosso serviço. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado de janeiro de 2012 a junho de 2020, considerando-se as lesões de canalículo lacrimal operadas em um serviço de referência. Dados demográficos, características das lesões, detalhes das cirurgias e resultado do tratamento foram obtidos de prontuários eletrônicos e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 26 portadores de lesões canaliculares, com idade entre 2 e 71 anos, sendo 73,1% homens. A lesão acometia o canalículo superior em 53,9%; 80,8% pacientes procuraram pelo serviço nas primeiras 24 horas, e 46,2% tiveram a cirurgia realizada entre 24 e 72 horas após o traumatismo. Todos os pacientes tiveram intubação mono ou bicanalicular, e o tempo transcorrido entre a cirurgia e a retirada do silicone, variou de zero a 183 dias. Após a cirurgia, 21 pacientes (80,8%; p<0,05) não apresentaram complicações, 2 (7,7%) evoluíram com obstrução canalicular, 2 (7,7%) com granuloma e 1 (3,8%) com ectrópio de ponto lacrimal. Conclusão: As lesões de canalículo encontradas em nossa prática são mais comuns em crianças ou homens jovens, acometem mais o canalículo superior e as nossas condutas levam a sucesso no tratamento na maior parte dos casos. As grandes controvérsias no assunto persistem, como o tipo e o tempo de permanência do tubo de silicone na via lacrimal. Somente estudos com grandes amostras podem consolidar esses conceitos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, surgical techniques, and results of the canalicular laceration treatment at our service. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 2012 to June 2020, considering canalicular injuries operated at a reference center. Demographic data, lesion characteristics, surgical details, and treatment outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records and were statistically analyzed. Results: Twenty-six cases of people with canalicular lesions aged between 2 to 71 years old were included, of whom 73.1% were men. The superior canaliculus was affected in 53.9%; 80.8% of patients searched for care within the first 24 hours, and 46.2% had the surgery performed between 24-72 hours after trauma. All patients had mono or bicanalicular intubation and the time elapsed between surgery and silicone removal ranged from 0 to 183 days. After surgery, 21 patients (80.8%, p<0.05) did not present any complications, two (7.7%) evolved with canalicular obstruction, two (7.7%) with granuloma, and one (3.8 %) with lacrimal puncta ectropion. Conclusion: In our practice, canalicular injuries are more common in children or young men, affecting mainly the superior canaliculus, and treatment success using our approach can be achieved in most of the cases. However, great controversies remain on the subject, such as type of intubation and when to remove the silicone tube from the lacrimal pathway. Larger series are required to consolidate controversial concepts.

Myricetin attenuates renal fibrosis by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress / 药学学报

This paper investigates the effect of myricetin (MYR) on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in mice and its mechanism. The animal experiment has been approved by the Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University (NO: 2022-10-020). Thirty-five ICR mice were divided into control, UUO, UUO+MYR, CBDL and CBDL+MYR groups. H&E and Masson staining were used to detect pathological changes in kidney tissues. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in renal tissue, and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity detection kit (WST-8) was used to detect the changes of total SOD in renal tissue of CBDL mice. In vitro, HK-2 cells and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1, 10 ng·mL-1) were used to induce fibrotic model, and high glucose (30 mmol·L-1) was used to induce oxidative stress model, and then treated with different concentrations of MYR, WB was used to detect the expression of fibrosis and oxidative stress-related proteins, while NIH/3T3 cells were treated with different concentrations of MYR, and their effects on cell proliferation were detected by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (Brdu). The results showed that the renal lesions in UUO group and CBDL group were severe, collagen deposition was obvious, the expression of collagen-Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), vimentin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) protein was up-regulated, and the activity of SOD enzyme in CBDL group was significantly decreased. MYR partly reversed the above changes after treatment. MYR inhibited the proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells but had no effect on the proliferation of HK-2 cells, and decreased the upregulation of PAI-1, FN and vimentin in HK-2 cells stimulated by TGF-β1. MYR can also up-regulate the down-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in HK-2 cells stimulated by high glucose. To sum up, MYR can improve renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, probably by inhibiting the proliferation of fibroblasts and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.

Changes of binocular surface indexes after unilateral endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of unilateral endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy on binocular surface indexes.METHODS: Totally 45 cases with monocular primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction(PANDO)who successfully underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy between 1 December 2022 and 31 July 2023 were enrolled in the study. Ocular surface indexes, including the non-invasive tear break-up time(NIBUT), Sj&#x0026;#xF6;gren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance ocular staining score(SICCA OSS), Korb score of lid wiper and Schirmer test scores, were collected preoperatively and at 0.5, 1 and 3 mo post-operatively. Subsequently, various indexes were compared at each time point between the operated and healthy eyes pre- and post-operatively.RESULTS: There was no significant differences between operated and healthy eyes in NIBUT, SICCA OSS, Korb scores and Schirmer test(all P&#x003E;0.05). Furthermore, the Korb scores of operated eye at 0.5, 1 and 3 mo post-operatively were significantly lower than the preoperative value(P=0.034, 0.044, 0.027). Moreover, the Schirmer test score of the operated eye at 1 mo post-operatively was significantly lower than the preoperative value(P=0.0461).CONCLUSION:After a successful endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, tear drainage is restored, however, ocular surface damage worsens. These changes typically peak at 1 mo post-operatively before gradually improving.

Research advances in hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome （HSOS）， also known as hepatic veno-occlusive disease， is hepatic vascular disease of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction and hepatic venular occlusion and fibrosis due to various causes. This article systematically elaborates on the research advances in HSOS from the aspects of understanding and naming， etiology and pathogenesis， clinical manifestation， diagnosis and differential diagnosis， prevention， and treatment. HSOS can occur in patients receiving bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation， radiotherapy/chemotherapy， and medication containing pyrrolidine alkaloids， and the common clinical manifestations of HSOS include abdominal distension， distending pain in the liver area， ascites， jaundice， and hepatomegaly. The diagnostic criteria for HSOS vary with etiology， and it needs to be differentiated from other diseases such as drug-induced liver diseases and hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction. Defibrotide and low-molecular-weight heparin have a therapeutic effect on HSOS associated with hematopoietic stem cells and pyrrolidine alkaloids， respectively， and there are currently no effective drugs for HSOS caused by oxaliplatin chemotherapy.

Cinobufagin Combined with Thalidomide/Dexamethasone Regimen in the Treatment of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma of Phlegm and Stasis Obstruction： A Retrospective Study / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of cinobufagin tablets combined with thalidomide/dexamethasone （TD） regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma （NDMM） with phlegm and stasis obstruction. MethodsThe clinical data of 50 patients with NDMM of phlegm and stasis obstruction who were hospitalized at the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from June 1st， 2015 to July 31th， 2019 were retrospectively analyzed， and they were divided into a control group （bortezomib/dexamethasone-containing regimen， 27 cases） and an observation group （cinobufagin tablets combined with TD regimen， 23 cases）. The clinical efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups after two or three courses of treatment. The primary outcomes were clinical remission rate including overall response rate and deep remission rate， one-year and two-year overall survival rate， and adverse effects. The secondary outcomes were the proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow， hemoglobin， β2-microglobulin， lactate dehydrogenase， serum creatinine， blood urea nitrogen， bone pain score， and KPS functional status score （KPS score） before and after treatment. ResultsIn terms of clinical efficacy， there was no statistically significant difference （P＞0.05） in the overall response rate ［the observation group 69.57%（16/23） vs the control group 70.37% （19/27）］ and deep remission rate ［the observation group 56.52% （13/23） vs the control group 55.56% （15/27）］ between groups after the treatment. The one-year overall survival rates of the observation group and the control group were 90.9% and 92.4%， and the two-year overall survival rates were 81.8% and 80.9% respectively， with no statistically significant differences between groups （P＞0.05）. During the treatment， no renal function injury occurred in both groups. The incidence of peripheral nerve injury in the observation group was 8.70%， which was lower than 48.15% in the control group （P＜0.01）. After the treatment， the proportion of myeloma plasma cells， β2-microglobulin， serum creatinine level， and bone pain score decreased， while the hemoglobin level and KPS score increased in both groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared between groups after treatment， the bone pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group， while the KPS score was higher than that of the control group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe clinical efficacy of cinobufagin tablets combined with TD in the treatment of NDMM is equivalent to bortezomib/dexamethasone-containing regimen， but the former is more helpful in relieving the pain and improving the quality of life， and has better safety.

Manejo multidisciplinario en un caso refractario de obstrucción intestinal maligna / Multidisciplinary management in a refractory case of malignant intestinal obstruction

Se denomina obstrucción intestinal maligna (OIM) a aquella alteración del tránsito intestinal por obstrucción mecánica o funcional, que genera alteración de la motilidad y acumulación de secreciones, causada por tumores malignos. Es una urgencia oncológica y paliativa de difícil manejo, esta entidad representa un reto para el equipo de salud, debido al gran impacto sobre la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 73 años, con características clínicas de obstrucción intestinal maligna, evaluada inicialmente por oncología médica quienes diagnostican carcinoma seroso de alto grado de ovario y carcinomatosis peritoneal, se solicita manejo conjunto con un equipo multidisciplinario para tratar la obstrucción intestinal maligna refractaria a medicación convencional, donde se opta por sedación superficial intermitente; así mismo se aborda preferencias y cuidados de final de vida en domicilio con la paciente y su familia. Este caso es un ejemplo del manejo integral de casos refractarios a la obstrucción intestinal maligna, donde se logra aliviar el sufrimiento del paciente y su familia, cuando la cirugía no es una opción

Malignant intestinal obstruction (MIO) is defined as that alteration of intestinal transit due to mechanical or functional obstruction, which generates impaired motility and accumulation of secretions, caused by malignant tumors. It is an oncological and palliative emergency that is difficult to manage, this entity represents a challenge for the health team, due to the great impact on the quality of life of the patient and his family. The case of a 73-year-old female patient is presented, with clinical characteristics of malignant intestinal obstruction, initially evaluated by medical oncology who diagnosed high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and peritoneal carcinomatosis, joint management with a multidisciplinary team is requested to treat malignant intestinal obstruction refractory to conventional medication, where intermittent superficial sedation is chosen; Likewise, preferences and end-of-life care at home are addressed with the patient and her family This case is an example of the comprehensive management of cases refractory to malignant intestinal obstruction, where it is possible to alleviate the suffering of the patient and her family, when surgery is not an option

Obstrucción intestinal por fecaloma gigante en adolescente con enfermedad de Hirschsprung

La enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH) es infrecuente y la mayoría de los escasos casos se presentan en neonatos, raramente se diagnostica durante la adolescencia y menos son los casos documentados. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 16 años quien experimentó 15 días de estreñimiento, anorexia, vómitos postprandiales y distensión abdominal. Los exámenes imagenológicos mostraron un fecaloma masivo que obstruía el colon, y el examen anatomopatológico señaló EH. Ante el fracaso de medidas conservadoras de evacuación se realizó una hemicolectomía izquierda ampliada y una colostomía, más apendicectomía por obstrucción intestinal. El paciente fue dado de alta con antibioticoterapia. Este caso resalta la importancia de considerar EH en adolescentes con estreñimiento crónico y masas abdominales. Aunque los pacientes pueden experimentar problemas postoperatorios, la cirugía es el tratamiento más efectivo para la EH.

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is uncommon, and most of the cases occur in neonates. It is rarely diagnosed during adolescence, and even fewer cases are documented. We present the case of a 16-year-old male who had 15 days of constipation, anorexia, postprandial vomiting and abdominal distension. Imaging examinations showed a massive fecaloma obstructing the colon, and histopathological examinations showed HD. Given the failure of conservative evacuation measures, an extended left hemicolectomy and colostomy were performed, plus appendectomy for bowel obstruction. The patient was discharged with antibiotic therapy. This case highlights the importance of considering HD in adolescents with chronic constipation and abdominal masses. Although patients may experience postoperative problems, surgery is the most effective treatment for HD.

Trombosis venosa mesentérica y portal como causa infrecuente de obstrucción e isquemia intestinal en paciente joven. Reporte de caso / Mesenteric and Portal Venous Thrombosis as an infrequent cause of intestinal Obstruction and Ischemia in young patients. A case report

Resumen La isquemia mesentérica aguda se asocia a una mortalidad de entre el 50 y el 100%, la causa más rara de esta es la trombosis venosa de los vasos mesentéricos (5%) y portal (1%). Las manifestaciones clínicas son diversas, siendo el dolor abdominal el principal síntoma. La tomografía computarizada con contraste intravenoso en fase portal es la imagen más precisa para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento en fase aguda se basa en anticoagulación, fluidos intravenosos, antibióticos profilácticos, descanso intestinal y descompresión. La laparotomía de control de daños, incluida la resección intestinal y el abdomen abierto, pueden estar justificados en última instancia para pacientes con necrosis intestinal y sepsis. Caso clínico: Hombre de 35 años, sin antecedentes de importancia, solo tabaquismo desde hace 15 años. Refirió que 5 días previos comenzó a presentar dolor en el epigastrio tipo cólico, de intensidad moderada, posteriormente refirió que el dolor se generalizó y aumentó de intensidad, acompañado de náusea, vómito, intolerancia a la vía oral y alza térmica. Al examen físico tuvo datos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, estaba consciente y orientado, con abdomen doloroso a la palpación superficial y profunda a nivel generalizado, pero acentuado en el flanco derecho, rebote positivo con resistencia, timpanismo generalizado, peristalsis ausente. Se ingresó a quirófano a laparotomía exploradora, encontrando lesión a intestinal isquémica-necrótica a 190-240 cm del ángulo de Treitz, y 400 cc de líquido hemático; se realizó resección de la parte intestinal afectada, con entero-enteroanastomosis término-terminal manual. Se envió pieza a patología, y se reportó un proceso inflamatorio agudo con necrosis transmural y congestión vascular. Ante estos hallazgos se realizó angiotomografía abdominal que reportó defecto de llenado en la vena mesentérica superior, secundario a trombosis que se extendía hasta la confluencia y la vena porta. Conclusión: La trombosis venosa mesentérica y portal es una patología muy infrecuente en pacientes jóvenes sin factores de riesgo en los que se presenta dolor abdominal. El diagnóstico es complejo debido a que los datos clínicos y de laboratorio son poco específicos. Sin embargo, debemos tenerla en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de etiologías de dolor abdominal.

Abstract Acute Mesenteric Ischemia is associated with a mortality rate between 50% and 100%; the rarest cause of this is venous thrombosis of the mesenteric (5%) and portal (1%) vessels. The clinical manifestations are diverse, with abdominal pain being the main symptom. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast in the portal phase is the most accurate image for diagnosis. Treatment in the acute phase is based on anticoagulation, intravenous fluids, prophylactic antibiotics, intestinal rest, and decompression. Damage control laparotomy, including bowel resection and open abdomen, may ultimately be warranted for patients with bowel necrosis and sepsis. Clinical case: 35-year-old man, with no significant history, only smoking for 15 years. For 5 days before, he reported crampy epigastric pain of moderate intensity. He subsequently reported that the pain became generalized and increased in intensity, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, oral intolerance, and temperature rise. The physical examination showed signs of a systemic inflammatory response, conscious and oriented, abdomen painful on superficial and deep palpation at a generalized level but accentuated on the right flank, positive rebound with resistance, generalized tympanism, absent peristalsis. The operating room was entered for exploratory laparotomy, finding an ischemic-necrotic intestinal lesion at 190 - 240 cm from the angle of Treitz, and 400cc of blood fluid. Resection of the affected intestinal part is performed, with entire manual terminal end anastomosis. The specimen was sent to pathology, reporting an acute inflammatory process with transmural necrosis and vascular congestion. Given these findings, abdominal CT angiography was performed, which reported a filling defect in the superior mesenteric vein, secondary to thrombosis that extended to the confluence and the portal vein. Conclusion: Mesenteric and portal venous thrombosis is a very rare pathology in young patients without risk factors in whom abdominal pain occurs. The diagnosis is complex because the clinical and laboratory data are not very specific. However, we must take it into account in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain etiologies.

Íleo biliar complicado con infección con SARS-CoV-2. Reporte de caso

Introducción: El Íleo biliar (IB) es una obstrucción intestinal mecánica muy poco frecuente, del 1 al 4 % de todas las obstrucciones intestinales, y es más común en pacientes de edad avanzada. Se produce a través de una fístula bilioentérica en el intestino delgado, sobre todo en el íleon distal. Luego de tener un enfoque diagnóstico mediante imagenología, en su gran mayoría, se opta por el tratamiento quirúrgico para eliminar el o los cálculos impactados. El éxito de esta intervención depende en gran medida del tamaño del cálculo biliar, de la ubicación de la obstrucción intestinal y comorbilidades preexistentes. Caso clínico: Mujer de 78 años con cuadro clínico de obstrucción intestinal, emesis de contenido fecaloide y sintomática respiratoria; se evidenció una masa concéntrica a nivel de íleon distal y proceso neumónico concomitante por tomografía toracoabdominal. Se realizó laparotomía exploratoria con enterolitotomía, extracción de cálculo y anastomosis íleo-ileal y fue trasladada a la UCI en donde presentó falla ventilatoria y requerimiento de ventilación mecánica; se confirmó infección viral por SARS-CoV-2 mediante RT - PCR. Discusión: El IB es una obstrucción intestinal que ocurre con mayor frecuencia en pacientes de edad avanzada. Se habla de la fisiopatología y mecanismo de producción de la fístula entérica y se presentan opciones diagnósticas, terapéuticas y quirúrgicas para dirigir el manejo clínico más apropiado. Conclusión: El IB es difícil de diagnosticar. Debido a su baja incidencia, no existe un consenso que paute el manejo a seguir en los pacientes con diagnóstico de IB. Aunque el tratamiento estándar es la intervención quirúrgica, hay diversas opiniones en cuanto al tipo de cirugía a realizar.

Introduction: Biliary ileus (BI) is a very rare mechanical intestinal obstruction, responsible for 1-4% of all intestinal obstructions and more frequent in elderly patients. It occurs through a bilioenteric fistula in the small bowel, mainly in the distal ileum. After a diagnostic imaging approach, the vast majority opt for surgical treatment to remove the impacted stone or stones. The success of this intervention depends largely on the size of the stone, the location of the bowel obstruction and pre-existing comorbidities. Case report: 78-year-old woman with clinical symptoms of intestinal obstruction, fecaloid emesis, respiratory symptoms, concentric mass at the level of the distal ileum and concomitant pneumonic process in the thoraco-abdominal CT scan. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, with total lithotomy, extraction of the calculus and ileo-ileal anastomosis, and she was transferred to the ICU, where she presented ventilatory failure and required mechanical ventilation. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed with RT-PCR. Discussion: IB is an intestinal obstruction that occurs more frequently in elderly patients. The pathophysiology and the mechanism of production of enteric fistula are discussed and diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical options are presented to guide the most appropriate clinical management. Conclusion: Enteric fistula is difficult to diagnose. Due to its low incidence, there is no consensus on the management of patients diagnosed with IB. Although the standard treatment is surgical intervention, there are divergent opinions as to the type of surgery to be performed.

Síndrome de Ogilvie: manejo actual a propósito de un caso

Objetivo: Dar a conocer las últimas recomendaciones para la sospecha, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico del síndrome de Ogilvie. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional; en formato de caso clínico y revisión de la literatura actual, a través de PubMed, Scielo y otros motores de búsqueda de artículos científicos. Discusión y Conclusiones: La seudoobstrucción colónica aguda o síndrome de Ogilvie consiste en un íleo adinámico severo y dilatación masiva de asas del colon en ausencia de obstrucción mecánica. Se presenta, principalmente, en pacientes postquirúrgicos o severamente enfermos. Tienen riesgo de perforación aproximado del 3% y una mortalidad del 50%, la mayoría de los pacientes responden al manejo médico conservador. La descompresión colonoscópica puede ser necesaria en pacientes que no responden al tratamiento médico de soporte y a la descompresión farmacológica con neostigmina. Distintos grados de isquemia y/o perforación colónica obligan la reso-lución quirúrgica urgente en algunos casos, lo que define la morbimortalidad. Es importante la sospecha clínica de este síndrome para evitar complicaciones posiblemente fatales.

Objective: To present the latest recommendations for the suspicion, diagnosis and medical and surgical treatment of Ogilvie syndrome. Materials and methods: Descriptive, retrospective, observational study; in clinical case format and review of the current literature, through PubMed, Scielo and other search engines for scientific articles Discussion and Conclusions: Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction or Ogilvie syndrome consists of a severe adynamic ileus and massive dilatation of the colonic loops in the absence of mechanical obstruction. It occurs in post-surgical or severely ill patients. They have a risk of perforation of approximately 3% and a mortality of 50%, most patients respond to conservative medical management. Colonoscopic decompression may be necessary in patients who do not respond to supportive medical treatment and drug decompression with neostigmine. Different degrees of colonic ischemia and / or perforation require urgent surgical resolution in some cases, which defines morbidity and mortality. Clinical suspicion of this syndrome is important to avoid possibly fatal complications.

Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast Metastatic to the Duodenum, about a Case

Introduction: Gastric outlet obstruction or pyloric syndrome can occur secondary to neoplastic involvement, and metastasis as an etiology is unusual. Breast neoplasms generally cause bone, liver, and lung metastases, rarely involving the gastrointestinal tract. Case presentation: A 69-year-old female patient with infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the right breast consulted for abdominal pain and postprandial emetic episodes with oral intolerance and dyspnea. Bilateral neoplastic breast involvement and dilation of the gastric chamber with thickening of the pylorus were recorded. She required antiemetic management and placement of a nasogastric tube. She was taken to an upper digestive tract endoscopy, which found an ulcerated lesion with an infiltrative appearance at the postpyloric level that circumferentially compromised the duodenal lumen. Then, a biopsy was taken, which was compatible with a breast carcinoma of a lobular type. This entity, called pyloric syndrome due to neoplasia, can be managed with gastrojejunostomy or an enteral prosthesis that improves the quality of life of patients with an ominous short-term prognosis. The patient in our case expressed advance directives not to receive invasive procedures, for which an uncovered metal prosthesis was placed for palliative purposes, achieving the re-establishment of the feeding route and resolution of dyspnea due to restriction. Conclusions: The metastatic involvement of neoplasms of the breast to the gastrointestinal tract is rare; however, it should be suspected in elderly patients with previously documented neoplasms.

Introducción: La obstrucción al tracto de salida gástrico o síndrome pilórico puede presentarse de manera secundaria a compromiso neoplásico, y es inusual el compromiso metastásico como etiología. Las neoplasias de la mama generalmente originan metástasis óseas, hepáticas y pulmonares, y es infrecuente el compromiso del tracto digestivo. Presentación del caso: Se trata de una paciente de 69 años con carcinoma lobulillar infiltrante de mama derecha que consultó por dolor abdominal y episodios eméticos posprandiales con intolerancia a la vía oral y disnea. Se registró un compromiso neoplásico mamario bilateral y dilatación de la cámara gástrica con engrosamiento del píloro. Se dio manejo antiemético y colocación de sonda nasogástrica. Fue llevada a una endoscopia de vías digestivas altas en la que se encontró una lesión ulcerada de aspecto infiltrativo a nivel pospilórico que comprometía de forma circunferencial la luz duodenal, y luego se tomó una biopsia a este nivel, que fue compatible con un carcinoma mamario de tipo lobulillar. Esta entidad, denominada síndrome pilórico por neoplasias, puede manejarse con gastroyeyunostomía o con prótesis enteral que mejore la calidad de vida en pacientes con pronóstico ominoso a corto plazo. La paciente de nuestro caso manifestó voluntades anticipadas para no recibir procedimientos invasivos, por lo cual se ofreció la colocación de una prótesis metálica descubierta con fines paliativos y se logró el restablecimiento de la vía de alimentación y resolución de la disnea por restricción. Conclusiones: El compromiso metastásico de neoplasias de la mama al tracto digestivo es poco frecuente; sin embargo, debe sospecharse en pacientes de edad avanzada y con neoplasias previamente documentadas.

Oclusión intestinal mecánica por íleo biliar. Reporte de caso

La obstrucción de la luz del intestino delgado por un cálculo biliar ubicado de forma anómala, denominada incorrectamente íleo biliar, representa del 1 al 3 % de los síndromes obstructivos intestinales. Se define como una entidad inusual, caracterizada por la obstrucción intestinal mecánica, causada por el impacto de uno o varios cálculos biliares en la luz intestinal, por lo general en el ilion terminal. El objetivo es describir el presente caso por lo infrecuente de esta entidad, describir la sistemática diagnóstica y conducta tomada, así como realizar el análisis de la literatura relacionada. Se trata de una paciente femenina de 87 años de edad, que acude por cuadro de vómitos y distensión abdominal de 20 días de evolución, con muy mal estado general. Se realiza laparotomía exploradora, donde se observa en el ilion proximal gran cálculo de aproximadamente 4 cm, que obstruye la luz en su totalidad. Se realiza enterolitotomía y resección intestinal sin intervención en la vesícula biliar o la vía biliar. Fallece al tercer día del postoperatorio mediato por descompensación de su enfermedad cardiovascular. Se concluye que el íleo biliar es una entidad infrecuente sin estudios que estandaricen un tratamiento específico, y que requiere de intervención quirúrgica. La enterotomía para extracción de cálculos es una técnica segura y eficaz, sin necesidad de intervención en la vía biliar en un primer tiempo.

Obstruction of the lumen of the small intestine by an abnormally located gallstone, incorrectly called gallstone ileus, accounts for 1% to 3% of all obstructive bowel syndromes. It is defined as an unusual entity characterized by mechanical intestinal obstruction, caused by the impact of one or several gallstones in the intestinal lumen, usually in the terminal ilium. The objective is to describe the present case due to the infrequency of this entity, to describe the diagnostic system and conduct taken, as well as to carry out the analysis of the related literature. An 87-year-old female patient presented with symptoms of vomiting and abdominal distension of 20 days of evolution, with an unusual, very poor general condition, characterized by mechanical intestinal obstruction caused by the impact of one or several gallstones in the intestinal lumen, usually in the terminal ilium. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, where a large stone of approximately 4 cm was observed in the proximal ileum which completely obstructed the lumen. Enterolithotomy and bowel resection were performed without intervention in the gallbladder or bile duct. She died on the third day of the immediate postoperative period due to decompensation of her cardiovascular disease. It is concluded that gallstone ileus is a rare entity without studies that standardize a specific treatment and that it requires surgical intervention. Enterotomy for stone removal is a safe and effective technique without the need for intervention in the bile duct in the first time.