Monitoring of Inpatient Rehabilitation in Child and Parent Pairs with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：Our institute provides inpatient intensive rehabilitation to severely disabled children and their parents. Rehabilitation aims are patient-specific, thus using individual scales to evaluate rehabilitation is essential. Here, we adopted the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to perform this evaluation in thirty-one cases.Methods：For the COPM, patients set goals in five subjects, and evaluates their performance levels and satisfaction levels on a scale of 1-10, before and after rehabilitation, and the mean scores are compared.Results：The COPM scores were significantly elevated in all cases at discharge. Patient had an average increase of 3.9 points for both performance and satisfaction scores. The scores of children with medical complexity tended to exceed those who did not require complex medical care. We identified a correlation between satisfaction and performance scores.Conclusion：We quantitatively measured the development of patients to measure the effectiveness of our intervention for two months using the COPM, which cannot be clarified by other objective evaluation tools for gross motor skills, functional independence, etc.. Although satisfaction scores are subjective, herein, their validity was shown by the correlation to the performance scores. Overall, COPM can contribute to top-down approaches to rehabilitation.

Application of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure combined with activity analysis in clients with hand injuries / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the occupational needs of hand injury patients and the effects of activity-based analysis and occupation-based interventions. MethodsFrom January, 2021 to June, 2022, 212 patients who accepted occupational therapy for wrist-hand injury in Rehabilitation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were interviewed using Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to collect the activities that they wanted to do, needed to do, were expected to do, but unable to do. Two senior occupational therapists conducted the activity analysis of the summarized needs, identified occupational components, designed a purposeful occupation-based intervention program, and evaluated the performance and satisfaction using COPM. ResultsA cumulative total of 84 occupational needs were proposed, covering five major domains: work, basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, leisure and sleep. The activities mostly impaired involved using computer (8.28%), using chopsticks (6.42%), wringing towels (6.25%), travelling on transport (4.90%) and lifting heavy objects (4.73%). The performance and satisfaction improved after treatment (t > 16.572, P < 0.001). ConclusionThe occupational needs are culturally specific for local hand injury patients; the use of an activity-based analysis and occupation-based intervention is effective on meeting the occupational needs.

Monitoring of Inpatient Rehabilitation in Child and Parent Pairs with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：Our institute provides inpatient intensive rehabilitation to severely disabled children and their parents. Rehabilitation aims are patient-specific, thus using individual scales to evaluate rehabilitation is essential. Here, we adopted the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to perform this evaluation in thirty-one cases.Methods：For the COPM, patients set goals in five subjects, and evaluates their performance levels and satisfaction levels on a scale of 1-10, before and after rehabilitation, and the mean scores are compared.Results：The COPM scores were significantly elevated in all cases at discharge. Patient had an average increase of 3.9 points for both performance and satisfaction scores. The scores of children with medical complexity tended to exceed those who did not require complex medical care. We identified a correlation between satisfaction and performance scores.Conclusion：We quantitatively measured the development of patients to measure the effectiveness of our intervention for two months using the COPM, which cannot be clarified by other objective evaluation tools for gross motor skills, functional independence, etc.. Although satisfaction scores are subjective, herein, their validity was shown by the correlation to the performance scores. Overall, COPM can contribute to top-down approaches to rehabilitation.

Uso de jogos ativos na reabilitação de crianças e adolescentes: Uma revisão da literatura / Use of active videogames on rehabilitation of children and adolescents: a literature review / Uso de juegos activos en la rehabilitación de niños y adolescentes: revisión de la literatura

Introdução: O Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC) tem prevalência de 5% a 6% nas crianças em idade escolar de cinco a onze anos. No Brasil, o TDC ainda é pouco reconhecido e as crianças, geralmente, recebem pouca ou nenhuma assistência. O transtorno pode persistir na adolescência e idade adulta. Tecnologias emergentes, como realidade virtual e videogames, têm sido o foco de pesquisas recentes de intervenção. Objetivos: Revisar a literatura para identificar estudos que abordam o uso de jogos ativos com crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação. Método: Revisão de escopo, cuja busca foi realizada entre os meses de maio e julho de 2021, na base de dados PubMed, com recorte de 10 anos de publicação, em inglês, português e espanhol, descritores "motor skills disorder", "virtual reality" e "transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação" nas três revistas brasileiras de Terapia Ocupacional. Foram excluídos editoriais e estudos com crianças e adolescentes com autismo associado. Resultados: Foram encontrados 16 artigos. Embora a literatura ainda seja escassa neste sentido, os estudos relataram ganhos significativos no desempenho motor de crianças com TDC. Foram identificadas algumas dificuldades em apontar e esclarecer sobre o jogo, instrumento ou mecanismo responsável pelas mudanças no desempenho. Conclusão: A utilização de protocolos sistematizados pode levar ao desenvolvimento de novos estudos para avaliar a eficácia dessas intervenções, bem como a sustentabilidade das melhorias obtidas a longo prazo.

Introduction. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) has a prevalence of 5 to 6% in school-aged children from five to eleven years old. In Brazil, TDC is still poorly recognized, and children generally receive little or no assistance. The disorder can persist into adolescence and adulthood. Emerging technologies such as virtual reality and video games have been the focus of recent intervention research. Objectives. To perform a literature review to identify studies which used active games with children and adolescents with DCD. Method. Scoping review, between May and July 2021, at PubMed database, within 10 years of publication in English, Portuguese and Spanish, terms "motor skills disorder", "virtual reality", and "developmental coordination disorder" in the three Brazilian Occupational Therapy journals. Editorials and studies with children and adolescents with associated autism were excluded. Results. 16 articles were found. Although the literature is still scarce, studies have reported significant gains in the motor performance of children with DCD. Some difficulties were identified in pointing out and clarifying about the game, instrument or mechanism responsible for changes in performance. Conclusion. The use of systematized protocols can lead to the development of new studies to assess the effectiveness of these interventions as well as the sustainability of the improvements obtained in the long term.

Introducción. El trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación (DCD) tiene una prevalencia del 5 al 6% en niños en edad escolar de cinco a once años. En Brasil, el DCD todavía es poco reconocido y los niños generalmente reciben poca o ninguna asistencia. El trastorno puede persistir hasta la adolescencia y la edad adulta. Las tecnologías emergentes, como la realidad virtual y los videojuegos, han sido el foco de investigaciones recientes sobre intervenciones. Metas. Revisar la literatura para identificar estudios que aborden el uso de juegos activos con niños y adolescentes con trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación . Método. Revisión del alcance, cuya búsqueda se realizó entre mayo y julio de 2021, en la base de datos PubMed, con 10 años de publicación en inglés, portugués y español, descriptores "trastorno de las habilidades motoras", "realidad virtual" y "trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación". en las tres revistas brasileñas de Terapia Ocupacional. Se excluyeron las editoriales y los estudios con niños y adolescentes con autismo asociado. Resultados. Se encontraron 16 artículos. Aunque la literatura todavía es escasa al respecto, los estudios han reportado ganancias significativas en el desempeño motor de los niños con DCD. Se identificaron algunas dificultades para señalar y aclarar sobre el juego, instrumento o mecanismo responsable de los cambios en el rendimiento. Conclusión. El uso de protocolos sistematizados puede conducir al desarrollo de nuevos estudios para evaluar la efectividad de estas intervenciones así como la sostenibilidad de las mejoras obtenidas en el largo plazo.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure to Filipino

Background and Objectives@#Person-centered care aims to involve people in making decisions for their health care. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is an easy-to-use functional assessment scale that can facilitate person-centered care. However, cultural nuances and individual differences in English proficiency may affect the administration of the original tool. This study translated and adapted the COPM to Filipino. @*Methodology@#Two translators independently translated the COPM to Filipino. A multidisciplinary expert panel reviewed the translations and composed an initial Filipino version. The initial Filipino version was translated back to the source language. A second expert panel meeting produced a pre-final Filipino version of the tool. Pre-test and cognitive interviews followed, and revisions were made to generate a final version of the tool. @*Results@#The expert panel discussed issues such as preservation of the original thought, understandability to the local population, consistency with the terms used, and avoidance of redundancy during the evaluation of the proposed translations. Meanwhile, analysis of cognitive interviews revealed that despite the issues encountered in some of the translated words, the participants found the adapted version to be generally understandable and easy to follow. The semi-structured interview format also allowed elaborated assessment and goal setting for self-care, productivity, and leisure. @*Conclusion@#Findings of this study suggest the potential usefulness of the Filipino version of the COPM in further facilitating person-centered goal-setting in the Filipino context. Future studies are warranted to examine the psychometric properties of the instrument for use in specific client groups, conditions, or settings.

Effect of Individualized Occupational Therapy on Occupational Performance of Patients with Schizophrenia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of individualized occupational therapy on occupational performance of schizophrenic patients. Methods:From 2016 to 2018, 30 schizophrenic patients hospitalized over one year in Beijing Anding Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 15) and experimental group (n = 15). The control group was given routine group work activities, and the experimental group was given individualized occupational therapy, 30 minutes a time, once a day, five days a week for four weeks. The Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation Scale (COTE) was used to evaluate the occupational performance of schizophrenic patients before and after treatment。 Results:The difference value of COTE score was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t = 3.842, P < 0.01), especially for interpersonal communication behavior and task behavior (t > 3.106, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Individualized occupational therapy could improve the occupational performance of patients with schizophrenia.

Contexto personal y elección ocupacional de la trabajadora sexual / Personal context and occupational choice of the sexual working

El estudio busca reconocer la forma, cómo se realiza la elección ocupacional de las personas que se encuentran en el ambito conocido como trabajo sexual. Alternativa de acción que determina el curso de la vida e involucran contribuciones complejas que llevan a la mujer a a abandonar roles, cambiar un patrón de hábitos, elegir e ignorar sus propias dificultades en un esfuerzo de hacerse parecer competente ante los demás, sin embargo, genera dificultades y mantienen a la población objeto de estudio atrapados en un ciclo de elecciones inadecuados y experiencias negativas. El presente proyecto busca determinar cómo el contexto personal influye en la elección ocupacional de la población trabajadora sexual. Conclusión: A través del instrumento de evaluación OPHI II y su narrativa, donde las constantes fueron el nivel volitivo y de habituación se logra establecer decisiones impulsadas por eventos críticos del pasado, conexo a condiciones de pobreza, dinámicas de calle y abandono del rol de estudiante, desencadena una insatisfacción y un bajo sentido de autoeficacia dentro de su participación ocupacional en roles y hábitos. Así mismo dentro de su comportamiento ocupacional actual se vislumbra una doble identidad "una doble vida" y una exclusión de roles familiares y sociales. Como consecuencia de este rol productivo, esta dualidad genera una modificación drástica en la interiorización, guiones y socialización de roles, siendo mutuamente excluyentes, alterando de esta forma la elección ocupacional, la estructuración de hábitos y rutinas, la ejecución de roles y el trabajo hacia metas, siendo estos aspectos los de mayor falencia, teniendo en cuenta que son mujeres que no identifican un estilo de vida ocupacional deseado, no esperan éxito y no reconocen habilidades.

To begin it is absolutely necessary to determine how occupational choice is made by sex workers. All this unrouted women to decision-making and thereby abandon roles, change habits' pattern, choose and ignore their own difficulties in an effort to make themselves appear competent to others. However, these elections generate greater difficulties among population under study. So we can concluded that they are trapped in a cycle of inadequate elections and negative experiences. Conclusion: Through the OPHI II assessment tool it was possible to discover, through narrative, in which the constants were the volitional and habituational level where driven by critical events of the past, related to conditions of poverty, street dynamics and abandonment of roles such as student, unleashing a dissatisfaction and a low sense of self-efficacy within their occupational roles and habits, as well as within their current occupational behavior is a dual identity "double life" and exclusion of family roles and social, as a consequence of the productive role, where it generates a drastic change in the internalization, scripts and socialization of roles, being mutually exclusive, thus altering the occupational choice, the structuring of habits and routines, the execution of roles and work towards goals, these being the aspects of greatest weakness, taking into account that n women who do not identify a desired occupational lifestyle, do not expect success and do not recognize skills.

Analysis of occupational performance for the promotion of health in people with fibromyalgia. A phenomenological study / Análisis del desempeño ocupacional para la promoción de la salud en personas con fibromialgia. Un estudio fenomenológico

ABSTRACT Introduction: An imbalance in the performance or occupational participation can be detrimental to health. To a large extent, this is the case in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Objective: This research study was carried out in order to determine the occupational performance in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia in the Galician province of A Conma (Spain). Material and methods: A qualitative methodology was used, with data being collected through semi-structured interviews and a field notebook. A total of 34 people participated, including those diagnosed, family members and professionals. Results: Four themes were identified: (1) «everything costs¼, (2) «only I know what I can do¼, (3) «if I don't feel well, I stay¼, (4) «either they get help or breakdown¼. Conclusion: Following the diagnosis of fibromyalgia people change the characteristics of their occupational performance, both terms of influencing factors, in the way they conduct their activities, and in terms of their environments.

RESUMEN Introducción: Un desequilibrio en el desempeño o en la participación ocupacional puede provocar una falta de salud, y esta situación se encuentra en una gran medida en las personas diagnosticadas de fibromialgia. Objetivo: El presente estudio de investigación se realizó con el fin de conocer cómo es el desempeño ocupacional en personas diagnosticadas de fibromialgia en la provincia gallega de A Coruña (España). Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, se recogieron datos mediante la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y de un cuaderno de campo. Participaron 34 individuos, entre personas diagnosticadas, familiares y profesionales. Resultados: Surgieron cuatro temáticas: 1) «todo cuesta¼; 2) «solo yo sé lo que puedo hacer¼; 3) «si no estoy bien, me quedo¼, y 4) «las apoyan o nada¼. Conclusión: Las personas con fibromialgia tras el diagnóstico ven modificadas las caracterís ticas de su desempeño ocupacional, tanto en factores influyentes, en la forma de realizar las actividades, como en los entornos.

Impacts of Chronic Kidney Disease on occupational performance of children and adolescents on hemodialysis / Impactos da Doença Renal Crônica no desempenho ocupacional de crianças e adolescentes em hemodiálise

Abstract Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) may cause great impacts on areas of occupational performance of children and adolescents on hemodialysis. The identification of these occupations can guide the practice of occupational therapy, enabling specific interventions as well as the creation of policies and guidelines in the field. Objective: To identify the impact of CKD on the occupational performance of children and adolescents on hemodialysis. Method: Twenty-one children and adolescents with CKD undergoing hemodialysis treatment participated in the study. The tools applied were the profile identification questionnaire and the semi-structured interview Canadian Measurement of Occupational Performance (COPM). Numerical variables were described as measures of central tendency and dispersion, and for categorical variables were calculated the frequencies. Results: 13 impacted occupations were identified, in which 9 are related to play/leisure , 1 to productivity/ school, 3 to self-care. In addition, 57% of the sample dropped out of school and 23% repeated one school year or more. Conclusion: Impacts on different areas of occupational performance, mainly related to play and leisure, have been identified. Children and adolescents present specific demands related to their age ranges. Therefore, the occupational therapist, considering this specificity, can enable these clients to improve their performance in occupations and resume significant roles in their lives.

Resumo Introdução: O acometimento pela Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) pode trazer impactos importantes em áreas de desempenho ocupacional de crianças e adolescentes em tratamento hemodialítico. A identificação dessas áreas de desempenho prejudicadas pode direcionar a atuação da terapia ocupacional, possibilitando intervenções específicas e criação de políticas e diretrizes na área. Objetivo: Identificar o impacto da DRC no desempenho ocupacional de crianças e adolescentes em hemodiálise. Método: Participaram do estudo 21 crianças e adolescentes com DRC em tratamento via hemodiálise. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário de identificação do perfil da amostra e a entrevista semiestruturada Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM). Os dados da pesquisa foram analisados por meio do programa estatístico SSPS 22.0. As variáveis numéricas foram descritas como medidas de tendência central e dispersão, e para variáveis categóricas foram calculadas as frequências. Resultados: Foram identificadas 13 ocupações impactadas, das quais, 9 são relacionadas à área do brincar/lazer , 1 produtividade/escola e 3 ocupações da área de autocuidado. Além disso, 57% da amostra abandonaram a escola e 23% repetiram um ano escolar ou mais. Conclusão: Foram identificados prejuízos em diferentes áreas do desempenho ocupacional, principalmente relacionadas ao brincar e lazer. As crianças e adolescentes apresentam demandas específicas dessa faixa etária e o terapeuta ocupacional, considerando essa especificidade, pode possibilitar a esses clientes a melhoria de desempenho em ocupações e a retomada de papéis significativos em suas vidas.

Desempenho ocupacional de idosos praticantes de hidroginástica / Occupational performance of elderly practicioners of water aerobics

[{"text": "Introdução: Sabe-se que a prática de hidroginástica tem efeitos positivos na saúde, contribuindo para\r\num envelhecimento ativo. Entretanto, considerando as alterações decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento, o idoso pode apresentar dificuldade na realização de atividades cotidianas, indicando problemas no desempenho ocupacional. Objetivo: Identificar as atividades-problema no desempenho ocupacional, além de correlacionar o desempenho e a satisfação de idosos praticantes de hidroginástica com o seu desempenho ocupacional. Método: Estudo transversal, do tipo descritivo correlacional, realizado com 45 idosos participantes de um projeto de extensão de aulas de hidroginástica. Foi aplicado um questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica e foi realizada avaliação do desempenho através da Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional. Resultados: A área com maior número de idosos com problemas no desempenho ocupacional e também por envolver as atividades consideradas mais importantes, principalmente a prática de outro exercício físico, foi o lazer. Entre os principais problemas de desempenho ocupacional, sete atividades estão relacionadas ao lazer, oito à produtividade e nove ao autocuidado ­ principalmente pela dificuldade na mobilidade funcional. Houve uma correlação significativa entre\r\no desempenho e a satisfação dos idosos (r = 0,770 e p ≥0,001). Conclusão: Idosos praticantes de hidroginástica têm problemas no desempenho ocupacional. Assim, considera-se importante a execução de projetos com propostas de outros exercícios físicos, uma vez que são consideradas atividades importantes para os idosos, contribuindo para um envelhecimento ativo e com qualidade de vida na velhice, refletindo no desempenho positivo de atividades de autocuidado e de produtividade.", "_i": "pt"}, {"text": "Introduction: The practice of water aerobics has acknowledged positive effects on health, contributing to\r\nan active aging. However, considering the alterations brought about by the aging process, the elderly may present difficulties to perform daily activities, indicating problems in occupational performance. Objective: To identify the problem-activities in occupational performance of the elderly who practice water aerobics and correlate their performance and satisfaction with their occupational performance. Method: Cross-sectional, correlational and descriptive study conducted with 45 elderly enrolled in an outreach project of water aerobics classes. A questionnaire was applied for sociodemographic characterization and an occupational performance evaluation was performed through the Canadian Measure of Occupational Performance. Results: Leisure was the area in which the highest number of elderly people has occupational performance problems. This area also involves activities considered more important by the elderly, mainly the practice of other physical exercises. Among the main occupational performance\r\nproblems, seven activities are related to leisure, eight to productivity and nine to self-care ­ mainly due to the difficulty in functional mobility. There was a significant correlation between performance and satisfaction of the elderly (r = 0.770 and p ≥ 0.001). Conclusion: Elderly practitioners of water aerobics have problems in occupational performance. Thus, the development of projects with proposals of other physical exercises is considered fundamental. Such activities are important for the elderly, as they contribute to an active aging and to the quality of life in old age, reflecting the positive performance of self-care activities and productivity.", "_i": "en"}]

Impacto de la minería sobre el desempeño ocupacional en la mina de San Finx (Galicia, España) durante el año 2015 / Occupational performance in the mining sector in the San Finx mine (Galicia, Spain) for the year 2015

La minería es uno de los sectores laborales con mayor número de efectos adversos. Uno de los aspectos más influenciados es la salud de los trabajadores, modificando sus características, sus contextos y entornos, afectando de manera global al individuo. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el constructo vivencial del desempeño ocupacional de una población relacionada con la minería. Metodología: se empleó una metodología cualitativa, con un diseño fenomenológico. Se adoptaron como herramientas de recogida de datos la entrevista en profundidad y el cuaderno de campo. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la mina de San Finx, Lousame (A Coruña, Galicia, España), con 19 participantes. El estudio tuvo una duración de 9 meses. Resultados: se observaron cambios en el desempeño de las áreas de ocupación, en la participación en actividades significativas y en los patrones de desempeño. Conclusiones: se identificaron cambios sustanciales en el desempeño ocupacional, repercutiendo en la cotidianidad de los trabajadores mineros, sugiriendo la idoneidad de la intervención de terapia ocupacional.

Mining is one of the labor sectors with more adverse effects. One of the most influenced aspects is the health of workers, modifying their characteristics, their contexts and environments by his huge environmental impact, affecting the individuals globally. Objective: to analyze and study the experiential construct of occupational performance of a population related to mining. Methodology: this research was framed within a qualitative methodology, using a phenomenological design. It was adopted as data collection tools in-depth interview and field notebook. The study was performed in the mine of San Finx, Lousame (A Coruña, Galicia, Spain), with 19 participants. The study lasted nine months. Results: Changes were observed in the performance in the areas of occupation, participation in meaningful activities and performance patterns. Conclusions: we identified substantial changes impacting occupational performance in everyday life of the miners, suggesting the appropriateness of the occupational therapy intervention.

Estudo comparativo do desempenho ocupacional entre crianças com atraso de desenvolvimento entre 3 e 5 anos de idade / Comparative study of occupational performance in children with global developmental delay at 3 and 5 years old

Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho ocupacional de crianças com atraso de desenvolvimento, inseridas no Sistema Nacional de Intervenção Precoce na Infância (SNIPI) de Portugal, e crianças com desenvolvimento típico aos 3 e aos 5 anos de idade, bem como verificar em que áreas funcionais ‒ ou seja, a autonomia pessoal, a mobilidade e a socialização ‒, as crianças com atraso de desenvolvimento apresentam mais dificuldades. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo comparativo, que contou com uma amostra de 40 participantes, sendo que 20 apresentam Desenvolvimento Típico (DT) e 20 apresentam diagnóstico de Atraso de Desenvolvimento (AD). Estes dois grupos foram divididos em dois subgrupos etários de 10 crianças (com 3 e com 5 anos). Resultados: Foi preenchido pelos pais o Inventário Pediátrico de Avaliação das Incapacidades, sendo que os resultados analisados revelam que o desempenho ocupacional de crianças com atraso de desenvolvimento, inseridas no SNIPI, é inferior ao das crianças com desenvolvimento típico, com 3 e 5 anos de idade, nas áreas da autonomia pessoal, mobilidade e socialização. Conclusão: É pertinente que sejam publicados mais estudos relacionados com a prática da terapia ocupacional, em Portugal, contribuindo, desta forma, para o conhecimento de profissionais e alunos desta área científica. Além disso, cada vez mais a prática baseada na evidência é uma abordagem adotada pelos profissionais de saúde, incluindo os terapeutas ocupacionais, sendo que, para tal, devem ser realizados estudos atuais sobretudo em Portugal.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the occupational performance of children with global developmental delay, inserted in SNIPI, and children with typical development, at 3 and 5 years of age, and to verify what functional areas children with global developmental delay feature more difficulties. Method: This is a comparative descriptive study including a sample of 40 participants, and 20 show Typical Development with 20 presenting diagnosis of Global Development Delay. These two groups were divided into two age subgroups of 10 children (aged 3 to 5 years). Results: The Inventory Pediatric Evaluation of Disability was filled out by parents and the results show that occupational performance of children with developmental delay, inserted in SNIPI is lower than those with typical development, with 3 and 5 years old, in the areas personal, mobility and socialization autonomy. Conclusion: The publication of more studies related to the practice of occupational therapy in Portugal is crucial, thus contributing to the knowledge of professionals and students in this scientific area. In addition, more and more evidence-based practice is an approach adopted by health professionals, including occupational therapists, and to this end it is extremely important to carry out newer studies locally in Portugal.

Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) Changes in Children during Inpatient Rehabilitation in an Institute for Physically Handicapped Children / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective : Recently, children with more severe disabilities are being hospitalized for inpatient rehabilitation. Therefore, it is becoming more difficult to adequately assess the effect of rehabilitation by conventional methods alone. The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), which is an open-ended questionnaire that allows patients to prioritize their needs and rate their performance in different tasks of daily living as well as their satisfaction in performing them. Methods : The COPM performance and satisfaction scores of 81 patients hospitalized for over one month were measured at admission and discharge. Changes during inpatient rehabilitation were evaluated in each case. Results : The mean age at admission was 8.2 yrs. The mean length of inpatient stay was 56.2 days. The children included 31 girls and 50 boys. The distributions according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) were Levels Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ in 3.7%, 8.6%, 28.4%, 32.1%, and 27.2% of patients, respectively. The mean COPM performance score and satisfaction score increased from 3.41 to 5.71 and 3.22 to 5.88 respectively with significant difference. The GMFCS level did not affect the changes in COPM scores. Conclusion : The COPM may work as a useful assessment method for relatively short-term inpatient rehabilitation children since it identifies child-unique problems that are mostly not assessed by conventional methods.

Aspectos da insônia no adulto e a relação com o desempenho ocupacional / Insomnia aspects in adults and the relationship with the occupationalperformance

A insônia é conceituada como a dificuldade de iniciar ou manter o sono ou insatisfação com a qualidade do sono e que pode interferir no desempenho das atividades sociais e cognitivas. Este trabalho teórico buscou estudar a insônia no adulto e suasalterações que acometem o desempenho ocupacional. O estudo desenvolveu revisão bibliográfica do tipo narrativa do período de 2002 a 2012, realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas utilizando como descritores, em português e em inglês, insônia e desempenho ocupacional. Foram encontrados 398 artigos, e selecionados 16 artigos. As publicações possuem maior frequência no ano de 2012 e apenas artigos científicos na línguainglesa estavam relacionados ao tema de pesquisa. Os principais acometimentos relacionados com o desempenho ocupacional dos indivíduos adultos referem-se aos prejuízos apresentados em diferentes contextos como no ambiente escolar, familiar, social e do trabalho. Dentre esses aspectos que interferem no desempenho ocupacional destacam-se: alterações cognitivas; fadiga duranteo dia; menor produtividade seja no trabalho ou nas atividades diárias de modo geral; absenteísmo, destacando-se esse aspecto relacionado ao trabalho; distúrbios de humor; ansiedade; relações familiares e sociais prejudicadas; e acidentes no trabalho.

Insomnia is conceptualized as a disorder defined by the existence of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or dissatisfaction with the quality of sleep and it can interfere with the performance of cognitive and social activities. This theoretical study aimed to study about the insomnia in adults and the changes that affect the occupational performance. The studydeveloped a bibliographic review of narrative’s type of the period 2002 to 2012, held in electronic databases using as descriptors, in Portuguese and in English, insônia and desempenho ocupacional. It was found 398 articles, and selected 16 articles. The publications have a higher frequency in the year 2012 and only scientificarticles in English language were related to the research topic. The main disorders related with the occupational performance of adults relate to losses presented in different contexts such as in the school environment, family, social and work. Among these aspects that interfere in occupational performance stand out: cognitive changes, fatigue during the day; lower productivity at work or in daily activities in general; absenteeism, highlighting related to work; mood disorders; anxiety; family relationshipsand social disadvantage; and accidents at work.

Terapia ocupacional y educación inclusiva: aspectos relacionados al desempeño ocupacional de personas con discapacidad / Occupational therapy and inclusive education: aspects related to occupational performance of people with disabilities

La Educación inclusiva busca la igualdad de oportunidades para todos, y la Terapia Ocupacional puede contribuir para este proceso por medio del desarrollo del desempeño ocupacional. En este sentido se busca analizar las contribuciones de la Terapia Ocupacional para la educación inclusiva mediante los aspectos relacionados al desempeño ocupacional de personas con discapacidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio se caracterizó como una revisión que incluye obras de literatura especializada sobre la educación inclusiva, Terapia Ocupacional y desempeño ocupacional, destacando la Medida Canadiense de desempeño Ocupacional (COPM), que es fundamentada en las directrices de la Terapia Ocupacional para la Práctica Basada en el Cliente. A pesar de la carencia de estudios sobre este tema, fueron seleccionados artículos completos, publicados en la última década en la lengua inglesa y portuguesa. Se puede concluir que la COPM permite identifcar las principales actividades problemas, proporcionando subsidios para mejorar el desempeño y lograr satisfacción en las actividades seleccionadas. La actuación del terapeuta ocupacional en interacción con las personas con discapacidad en la educación inclusiva, puede contribuir signifcativamente para el desarrollo satisfactorio del rol ocupacional, promoviendo un desempeño ocupacional competente, favoreciendo una amplia gama de posibilidades ocupacionales.

Inclusive education seeks equality of opportunity for all and Occupational Therapy can contribute to this process through the development of occupational performance. In this regard, we attempted to analyze the Occupational Therapy contributions for inclusive education through of the aspects related to occupational performance of the people with disabilities. Therefore, this study was characterized as a review that included works of literature on inclusive education, occupational therapy and occupational performance, giving prominence to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), which is based on the Guidelines of Occupational Therapy Practice-Based Client. We selected yet, despite the lack of studies, articles published in the last decade in English and Portuguese. It can be concluded that the COPM identifes the main activities problems and offer suggestions for improving the performance and satisfaction of selected activities. The role of the occupational therapist with people with disabilities in inclusive education can contribute signifcantly to the development of satisfactory occupational roles, promoting a competent occupational performance favoring the discovery of new occupational opportunities.

Terapia ocupacional e o uso de tecnologia assistiva como recurso terapêutico na artrogripose / Occupational therapy and the use of assistive technology as therapeutic resource in arthrogryposis

In this article, we present the intervention of occupational therapy through the use of Assistive Technology resources in a case of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). It is a descriptive case study with qualitative research. We made use of two instruments: the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was used for standardized assessment, while the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used for classification. We observed improvement of functional abilities comparing the first and second assessments after occupational therapy intervention through the use of Assistive Technology. Improvement was noted mainly in the continuous PEDI score, which compares the patient with himself/herself. Regarding the ICF, case evolution was observed in the component "Activities and Participation and Environmental Factors" evaluated from the clinical history. The occupational therapist uses Assistive Technology as a therapeutic resource in rehabilitative care not only as a single resource, but also as a constituent element of clinical reasoning.

O trabalho apresenta a intervenção de Terapia Ocupacional utilizando recursos de tecnologia assistiva em um caso de artro-gripose múltipla congênita. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de caráter descritivo, com utilização dos recursos da pesquisa qualitativa. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos, um de classificação e outro de avaliação padronizada, a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) e o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI). Pôde-se observar melhora nas habilidades funcionais comparando-se a primeira com a segunda avaliação, após intervenção terapêutica ocupacional e utilização de recursos de tecnologia assistiva. Nota-se melhora principalmente do escore contínuo do PEDI, que compara a paciente com ela mesma. Quanto à CIF, nota-se evolução do caso no componente Atividades e Participação e Fatores Ambientais, avaliado a partir da história clínica. O terapeuta ocupacional tem a tecnologia assistiva como um recurso terapêutico que pode ser utilizado na intervenção de reabilitação, não sendo utilizado apenas como recurso único e sim como elemento constituinte do raciocínio clínico.

Intervenção da Terapia Ocupacional na Síndrome de Cri-du-Chat: estudo de caso / Occupational Therapy Intervention in a child with Cri-du-Chat Syndrome: a case study

A Síndrome de Cri-du-Chat é uma anomalia cromossômica que pode resultar em diversos acometimentos, incluindo atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e deficiência intelectual. Este estudo de caso descreve a intervenção terapêutica-ocupacional com uma criança com Síndrome de Cri-du-Chat que foi acompanhada em atendimentos semanais, em um hospital escola do interior paulista entre 2 e 4 anos de idade. Para descrição do caso foram utilizados os registros no prontuário, relatos de familiares, bem como os dados dos atendimentos de Terapia Ocupacional. Na avaliação inicial identificou-se que a criança era hipotônica, ficava em pé com apoio e explorava objetos levando-os à boca. Os objetivos terapêutico-ocupacionais pautaram-se na estimulação das habilidades de desempenho sensório-motoras (processamento perceptual, neuro-músculo-esquelético e motor) e de integração cognitiva e componentes cognitivos (espectro de atenção, sequenciamento, aprendizado), por meio da estimulação do faz de conta e participação nas atividades de vida diária. Além de tais aspectos, foi necessário intervir diretamente no contexto escolar e familiar da criança, orientando os pais a evitar a superproteção. Por meio do trabalho conjunto entre equipe multiprofissional e familiares foi possível contribuir para a melhora das funções do corpo, possibilitando ampliação das atividades e participação, considerando os fatores pessoais e ambientais da criança, com consequente alta dos atendimentos ambulatoriais de Terapia Ocupacional.

Cri-du-Chat syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality that can result in several damages including developmental delay and intellectual disability of the affected child. This case study describes the occupational therapy intervention in a child with Cri-du-chat syndrome that was followed from two to four years old, in weekly sessions, at a school hospital in the state of São Paulo. Data from medical records, family reports, and occupational therapy sessions were used for case description. The initial assessment showed that the child was hypotonic, stood up only with support, and explored objects by taking them to the mouth. Occupational Therapy assistance aimed to stimulate sensorimotor performance skills (perceptual, neuromuscleskeletal and motor processing) and cognitive integration and components (attention spectrum, sequencing, and learning), through make-believe activities and participation in the activities of daily living (ADL). Moreover, it was also necessary to intervene directly in the school context and the child?s family, advising parents to avoid overprotection. Through the joint effort of the multidisciplinary team and the child?s family, it was possible to contribute to the improvement of bodily functions, allowing an increase in activities and participation, considering the child?s personal factors and environmental conditions, with consequent discharge from ambulatory attendance of occupational therapy.

Estrés y desempeño ocupacional en estudiantes de terapia ocupacional / Stress and occupational performance in occupational therapy students

Se trata de una investigación en la cual se estudió el estrés académico y el desempeño ocupacional en los estudiantes de la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional, de Universidad Central de Venezuela. El objetivo fue determinar la relación existente entre el estrés académico y el desempeño ocupacional en los estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional. Se combinaron técnicas de la metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa; para evaluar el estrés académico se utilizó la “Escala de Situaciones de Estrés Académico” (De Pablo, 2002 y adaptado por Feldman y col. 2008) y se diseñó una entrevista a profundidad basada en la medida canadiense de “Rendimiento Ocupacional”. Participaron 101 estudiantes (73 mujeres y 28 hombres). Los estudiantes reportaron niveles moderados de estrés académico (X= 77,63) siendo la dimensión con mayor reporte el estrés en los exámenes (X= 30,91), seguido por el estrés general (X= 20,97). Aquellos estudiantes que reflejaron niveles altos de estrés, en la entrevista reportaron que su ejecución en algunas áreas del desempeño ocupacional como el autocuidado, accesibilidad, escolaridad y socialización, resultaron ser insatisfactoria debido a la inadecuada alimentación, arreglo personal, actividades recreativas restringidas, todo ello por falta de tiempo, difícil acceso a la sede de la universidad y medios de transporte deficientes. Estos resultados permiten señalar que podría existir una relación entre estrés académico y el desempeño ocupacional del estudiante, ya que afectan de manera no satisfactoria la ejecución de las áreas de desempeño, roles y su participación activa en los diferentes contextos, rompiendo así el equilibrio vital.

This in an investigation in which was studied the academic stress and the occupational performance in students of the career Occupational Therapy, Central University of Venezuela. The objective was to determine the existing relation between academic stress and the occupational performance in the students of Occupational Therapy. Techniques of the quantitative and qualitative methodology were combined; in order to evaluate academic stress it was used the “scale of Situations of Stress Academic” (Of Pablo, 2002 and adapted by Feldman and col. 2008) and an interview to depth based on the Canadian measurement of occupational yield was designed”. 101 students participated (73 women and 28 men). The students reported moderate levels of academic stress (X= 77.63) being the dimension with greater report stress in the examinations (X= 30.91), followed by general stress (X= 20.97). Those students who reflected high levels of stress, in the interview reported that their execution in some areas of the occupational performance like the self care, accessibility, schooling and socialization, turned out to be unsatisfactory; due to the inadequate feeding, personal adjustment, restricted recreational activities, all it by lack of time, difficult access to the university location and poor transportation. These results allow to indicate that a relation between academic stress could exist and the occupational performance of the student, since they affect of non satisfactory way the execution of the performance areas, rolls and their active participation in the different contexts, breaking therefore the vital balance.

Percepciones de personas mayores sobre su desempeño en el uso de transporte público en Santiago de Chile / Perceptions of older people on their performance in the use of public transportation in Santiago, Chile

Justificación: la movilidad en la comunidad es esencial en la vida de toda persona. El uso de transporte es una actividad instrumental que posibilita la movilidad en la comunidad. En la vejez esta actividad puede presentar características asociables al envejecimiento individual, la actividad misma, y el ambiente. Emerge la relevancia de conocer esta ocupación en las personas mayores chilenas y su implicancia para la terapia ocupacional como disciplina promotora de participación y autonomía en la vejez. Objetivo: se buscó explorar características del desempeño de un grupo de personas mayores en el uso transporte en Santiago a partir de sus experiencias y percepciones. Metodología: se realizó diez entrevistas a adultos mayores que luego fueron analizadas con un enfoque interpretativo – hermenéutico. Resultados: cinco temas principales emergieron del análisis de entrevistas: “función del uso del transporte público”, “adaptaciones preparatorias para un mejor desempeño”, “influencia del ambiente”, “¿bus o metro? razones para la elección” y “significado del uso: autonomía versus exclusión”. Conclusiones: en el grupo participante el uso del transporte se veía limitado por el ambiente físico, y facilitado por el ambiente social, y las personas desplegaban estrategias adaptativas para un mejor desempeño. El significado del uso de transporte se relacionó con la mantención de la autonomía y la identidad. El sistema de transporte en Santiago puede no ajustarse a las necesidades de la población mayor y puede percibirse como un elemento de exclusión social para las personas mayores.

Justification: community mobility is essential for daily living. The use of transportation is an instrumental activity of daily living that facilitates community mobility. In the elderly this activity may be conditioned by features related to the aging process, the activity itself, and the environment in which it is carried out. The importance of learning about the characteristics of this occupation in Chilean older people emerges as well as implications for occupational therapy as a promoter of social participation and autonomy in old age. Objective: to explore performance characteristics of a group of older people in the use of public transportation system in the city of Santiago. Methods: ten interviews were conducted to older adults. Interviews were later interpretively analyzed from a hermeneutic approach. Results: five main themes emerged from the speeches of the participants, "function of the use of public transportation", "preparatory adaptations for better performance," "environmental influence", "bus or subway? Reasons for this choice" and "meaning of the use of transport: autonomy versus exclusion." Conclusions: in the group of participants the use of transport is interfered by the physical environment, and facilitated by the social environment, and adaptive strategies are deployed. The meaning of the activity relates to the maintenance of autonomy and identity. The transport system in Santiago may not fit the needs of older people and may be perceived as an element of social exclusion in the elderly.

Applying the Canadian occupational performance measure in the rehabilitation of stroke patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the different needs of Uighur and Han stroke patients for oceupational activities using the Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM).Methods The COPM was employed to evaluate 51 stroke patients in hospital before and after treatment.Thirty were from the Han ethnic group and 21 were Uighur.The first evaluation was performed at admission to confirm their occupational activity problems.Interventions were then planned using a patient-centered occupational therapy model.At discharge the second evaluation was performed to assess and compare the effects of treatment.Results In the first evaluation,both the Uighur and Han stroke patients had problems with self-care activities which were more prominent than those with productive and leisure activities.Older Uighur patients had special occupational activity needs resulltng from their religious practices.Compared witb the first evaluation,the total performance and satisfaction scores had improved significantly by the second evaluation for both the Han and Uighur patients,but their satisfaction scores were lower than their occupational activities performance scores.Conclusion Different nationalities may have different occupational activities needs.The COPM is easy to use and helpful in confirming occupational activity problems.Its use can contribute to the plan ning of primary goals for rehabilitation and treatment programs and help assess the effect of rebabilitation.