Consideraciones médico-legales laborales de la fórmula de Balthazard / Occupational medical-legal considerations of the Balthazard formula

La determinación del porcentaje de pérdida en pacientes lesionados con múltiples secuelas por riesgos de trabajo resulta un verdadero reto para el perito, esto adquiere mayor relevancia cuando en el fuero judicial se pueden presentar discrepancias en los criterios para el uso o no de fórmulas matemáticas para el cálculo. La fórmula de suma combinada, creada por el Médico Forense Víctor Balthazard, no es más que un ordenamiento de una regla de tres que ordena los porcentajes otorgados a cada secuela de mayor a menor para evitar que el porcentaje final sobrepase el 100%, o bien que resulte en un porcentaje mayor que una secuela única puntuada en el baremo y que por gravedad en la intensidad de la misma resulte con un porcentaje menor al calculado por la secuela múltiple y que se ha utilizado en fueros laborales y de seguridad social alrededor del mundo. El Baremo contenido en el Código de Trabajo no establece explícitamente la forma en que se calcula el porcentaje de pérdida por secuelas múltiples, lo cual brinda libertad al perito para utilizar fórmulas, como lo es la fórmula de suma combinada, que permite calcular de forma congruente las pérdidas sucesivas sin sobrepasar a la persona más allá de su capacidad general total del 100% o de otorgar porcentajes mayores a secuelas de mayor gravedad que la suma de las pérdidas por el evento que se está valorando.

The determination of the percentage of loss in injured patients with multiple sequelae due to occupational hazards is a real challenge for the expert, this becomes even more relevant when in the judicial system there may be discrepancies in the criteria for the use or not of mathematical formulas for the calculation. The combined sum formula, created by the Forensic Physician Victor Balthazard, is nothing more than an arrangement of a rule of three that orders the percentages given to each sequel from highest to lowest to avoid that the final percentage exceeds 100%, or that it results in a higher percentage than a single sequel scored in the scale and that due to the severity in the intensity of the same results in a lower percentage than that calculated for the multiple sequel and that has been used in labor and social security courts around the world. The Schedule contained in the Labor Code does not explicitly establish the way in which the percentage of loss for multiple sequelae is calculated, which gives the expert the freedom to use formulas, such as the combined sum formula, which allows a congruent calculation of the successive losses without exceeding the person's total general capacity of 100% or to grant higher percentages to sequelae of greater severity than the sum of the losses for the event being valued.

Percepción de la utilidad de los registros dentales como método de identificación humana en profesiones de alto riesgo: el caso de las personas trabajadoras de la Cruz Roja Costarricense / Perception of the usefulness of dental records as a method of human identification in high-risk professions: the case of the Costa Rican Red Cross workers

Introducción: Aquellas personas que brindan atención en situaciones de emergencias están expuestas a un alto riesgo de sufrir lesiones o fallecer durante labores de rescate, sea en accidentes de tránsito, desastres naturales, atentados terroristas o crisis humanitarias generadas por conflictos armados. Esta investigación fue realizada en las personas trabajadoras de la Cruz Roja Costarricense (CRC) para establecer la percepción de la utilidad de los registros dentales como método de identificación y elaborar un formato único de información odontológica antemortem. Materiales y métodos: Un cuestionario piloto fue diseñado y aplicado a 10 personas para ser calibrado y validado. Posteriormente se generó un cuestionario electrónico final en la plataforma Google Forms que fue enviado vía correo electrónico institucional a las personas trabajadoras constituida por 175 individuos, de los cuales 92 respondieron en el período del 20 de noviembre de 2022 al 20 de enero de 2023. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante las distribuciones de frecuencia, cruce de variables, comparación de medias con base en el análisis de variancia. El nivel mínimo de confianza para las comparaciones fue del 95%. Resultados: El cuestionario fue realizado por 92 personas, 75% hombres y 25% mujeres. El rango de edad entre los 36 y 40 años fue el más frecuente (23.9%). El 60,9% labora en la provincia de San José, 58% indica que visitaron al odontólogo hace un año o menos y el 38,6% refiere que nunca les han tomado una radiografía panorámica, un 81,8% dice tener tratamientos dentales como coronas, puentes o implantes; y el 75% considera de gran utilidad los registros dentales como método de identificación, y lo ubican en segundo lugar de conocimiento (89,8%) al compararlo con ADN (97,7%) y dactiloscopia (86,4%). Conclusiones: Las personas trabajadoras de la Cruz Roja Costarricense consideran que los registros odontológicos son útiles en la identificación de seres humanos y cuentan con información antemortem útil para dicho efecto.

Introduction: Those who provide care in emergency situations are exposed to a high risk of injury or death during rescue work, whether in traffic accidents, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, or humanitarian crises generated by armed conflicts. This research was carried out among Costa Rican Red Cross (CRC) workers to establish the perception of the usefulness of dental records as a method of identification and to develop a single format for antemortem dental information. Materials and methods: A pilot questionnaire was designed and applied to 10 persons to be calibrated and validated. Subsequently, a final electronic questionnaire was generated in the Google Forms platform and sent via institutional e-mail to 175 workers, of whom 92 responded during the period from November 20, 2022, to January 20, 2023. The results were analyzed by means of frequency distributions, crossing of variables, and comparison of means based on the analysis of variance. The minimum confidence level for comparisons was 95%. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 92 people, 75% men and 25% women. The age range between 36 and 40 years was the most frequent (23.9%). A total of 60.9% worked in the province of San José, 58% indicated that they had visited the dentist a year ago or less and 38.6% said that they had never had a panoramic X-ray taken, 81.8% said they had dental treatments such as crowns, bridges or implants; and 75% considered dental records to be very useful as a method of identification, and placed it in second place in terms of knowledge (89.8%) when compared with DNA (97.7%) and dactyloscopy (86.4%). Conclusions: Costa Rican Red Cross workers consider dental records to be useful in the identification of human beings and have useful antemortem information for this purpose.

Detection of Bartonella bovis DNA in blood samples from a veterinarian in Mexico

ABSTRACT The genus Bartonella encompasses 38 validated species of Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that colonize the endothelial cells and erythrocytes of a wide spectrum of mammals. To date, 12 Bartonella species have been recorded infecting humans, causing diseases of long historical characterization, such as cat scratch fever and trench fever, and emerging bartonellosis that mainly affect animal health professionals. For this reason, this study aimed to report a documented case of Bartonella bovis infecting a veterinarian from Mexico by the amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction of the citrate synthase (gltA) and the RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB) genes, and to report the natural course of this infection. To our knowledge, this work is the first to report the transmission of B. bovis via needlestick transmission to animal health workers in Latin America.

41 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by occupational irritating chemicals / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the case characteristics of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by occupational irritant chemicals (OI-COPD). To provide basis for revising its diagnostic criteria. Methods: From June to December 2021, we investigated the information of OI-COPD patients confirmed by Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Prevention of Occupational Diseases, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Qingdao Central Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University and other diagnostic institutions in the past five years, a total of 41 cases. The basic information of OI-COPD cases, occupational risk factors exposure information, medical history, smoking history and clinical symptoms were analyzed retrospectively. The measurement data were tested for normal distribution, which was described by x±s, and compared between groups by t test; Those who do not conform to the normal distribution are described by the median [M (Q(1), Q(3)) ] and analyzed by nonparametric test; The counting data were expressed in frequency and rate (% ), and the comparison between groups was tested. Results: Of the 41 cases, 33 were male and 8 were female. The age of the patient diagnosed with OI-COPD was (49.5±10.3) years old, and the minimum age was 30 years old; Among them, 8 patients had a definite long-term smoking history (more than 5 years) ; The exposure duration of occupational risk factors was (18.6±10.3) years, of which 3 patients had exposure duration of less than 5 years; The occupational risk factors leading to OI-COPD include acids and acid-forming compounds, bases, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides, chlorine and its compounds, etc. The exposure level of occupational risk factors is related to the degree of COPD airflow restriction (χ(2)=6.17, P <0.05). 18 patients with diagnosis age <50 years old were diagnosed as early-onset COPD. The incidence of respiratory symptoms in the early diagnosis COPD group was lower than that in the non-early diagnosis COPD group, and the FEV1% pred was significantly higher than that in the non-early diagnosis COPD group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01 ) . Conclusion: The exposure level of occupational risk factors may be the risk factor affecting the degree of COPD airflow restriction. With the increase of the exposure level of COPD patients, the proportion of respiratory symptoms will also increase accordingly.

Precarious work at a surgical center: implications for the organization and for the health of nursing workers / Trabajo precario em centro quirúrgico: implicaciones organizacionales para la salud del trabajador de enfermería / Trabalho precário em centro cirúrgico: implicações organizacionais e a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the implications of precarious work for the organization of work and for the health of nursing professionals in a surgical center. Methods: qualitative, descriptive study in which the interview technique was applied on 30 nursing professionals from a surgical center in a university hospital located in the Southeast region of Brazil. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. Thematic content analysis was applied in the categorization of speeches. Results: precarious work in the surgical center negatively affects the organization of work due to staff turnover, loss of skilled talent, and the need for continuous training of temporary workers. It also affects the quality of care, leading to risks to patient safety and workers' health.Final Considerations: it is important to make work conditions less precarious in order to minimize staff turnover and promote the quality of the service offered and the health of the worker.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las implicaciones del trabajo precario para la organización laboral y la salud de los profesionales de enfermería en un centro quirúrgico. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, llevado a cabo mediante entrevista con 30 profesionales de enfermería en un centro quirúrgico de un municipio de la región sureste de Brasil. El proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética e investigación. En la categorización de las declaraciones, se aplicó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: la precarización en centros quirúrgicos interfiere negativamente en la organización del trabajo debido a la rotación de personal, la fuga de capital intelectual y la necesidad de capacitación continua de los trabajadores temporarios. Existe una interferencia en la calidad de la atención con riesgos para la seguridad de los pacientes y la salud de los trabajadores. Consideraciones Finales: se ratifica la importancia de apuntalar el trabajo con el intuito de minimizar la rotación laboral y promover la calidad del servicio brindado y la salud del trabajador.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as implicações do trabalho precário para a organização do trabalho e para a saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem em centro cirúrgico. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo no qual se utilizou a técnica de entrevista com 30 profissionais de enfermagem de centro cirúrgico em um hospital universitário situado em um município da região sudeste, Brasil. Projeto aprovado por comitê de ética e pesquisa. Na categorização dos depoimentos aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: a precarização em centro cirúrgico interfere negativamente na organização do trabalho devido a rotatividade de pessoal, a fuga de capital intelectual e a necessidade de treinamento contínuo dos trabalhadores temporários. Há interferência na qualidade da assistência com riscos para a segurança dos pacientes e a saúde dos trabalhadores. Considerações Finais: ratifica-se a relevância da desprecarização do trabalho no intuito de minimizar a rotatividade dos profissionais, promover a qualidade do serviço ofertado e a saúde do trabalhador.

Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American anesthesiologists. Observational study / Repercusiones de la pandemia por COVID-19 en anestesiólogos latinoamericanos. Estudio observacional

Abstract Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic changed the world, causing a global impact on economic, social and public health aspects. This public health situation alerted the international community of anesthesiologists because of the high occupational hazards due to the frequent exposure to patients with COVID-19. Objective: To identify the impact of this pandemic on Latin American anesthesiologists - in a setting with shortage of vaccines - identifying the professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and demises, and their geographical distribution. Methods: An observational study was conducted in Latin American anesthesiologists infected SARS-CoV-2 between March and December 2020. The data was collected from the societies, associations and federations members of the Latin American Confederation of Anesthesia Societies in March 2021. Results: 2,170 anesthesiologists infected with SARS-CoV-2 were identified. Of these, 1,550 were from South America and 620 cases were from Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. Among the 2,170 anesthesiologists infected with SARS-CoV-2, 165 deaths were reported in Latin America, with a mean age of 58 years; 79% were males and the mortality rate was 7.6%. Conclusions: COVID-19 is an emerging disease with significant impact on the population of anesthesiologists. The reports from the societies, associations and federations members of the Latin American Confederation of Anesthesia Societies show the impact in terms of infection and number of deaths associated with the pandemic.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, cambió el mundo generando un impacto global en aspectos económicos, sociales y sanitarios. Esta situación sanitaria generó alerta en la comunidad anestesiológica internacional por el alto riesgo ocupacional, debido a la exposición más frecuente a pacientes afectados por COVID-19. Objetivo: Conocer las repercusiones de esta pandemia en los anestesiólogos en Latinoamérica -en un escenario con escasez de vacunas- identificando los profesionales infectados por SARS-CoV-2 y fallecidos y su distribución geográfica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional en anestesiólogos latinoamericanos infectados por SARS-CoV-2 entre marzo y diciembre de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron en las sociedades, asociaciones y federaciones vinculadas a la Confederación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Anestesia en marzo de 2021. Resultados: Se identificaron 2.170 anestesiólogos infectados por SARS-CoV-2. De estos, 1.550 correspondieron a Suramérica y 620 casos a Centroamérica, México y el Caribe. Entre los 2.170 anestesiólogos infectados por SARS-CoV-2, se informaron 165 muertes en Latinoamérica, con una edad media de 58 años, 79 % de género masculino y con una tasa de letalidad de 7,6 %. Conclusiones: El COVID-19 es una patología emergente, que causa una gran afectación a la población de médicos anestesiólogos. Los reportes de las sociedades, asociaciones y federaciones vinculadas a la Confederación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Anestesia demuestran el impacto en términos de infección y muertes relacionadas con la pandemia.

Factores asociados al riesgo de COVID-19 en el personal de salud / Factors associated with the risk of COVID-19 in health-care workers

Resumen Introducción: Aunque, el personal sanitario es considerado por su exposición un grupo de alto riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2, la investigación sobre los factores asociados a infección resulta limitada. El objetivo fue identificar los factores asociados a la adquisición de COVID-19 en el personal sanitario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, de corte transversal con casos y controles anidados, en 23 hospitales de Argentina. A través de una encuesta estructurada se recolectaron variables demográficas, ins titucionales y conductuales del personal sanitario con RT-PCR positiva para SARS-CoV-2 (casos) y del personal sanitario con resultados negativos en el test (controles). Aquellas variables asociadas significativamente con la condición de haber padecido COVID-19 en el análisis bivariado fueron incluidas en un análisis multivariado. Re sultados: Participaron del estudio 2088 trabajadores, con una incidencia de 1.41 casos c/10 000 horas-trabajador (IC95% 1.35-1.48). Pertenecer al sexo masculino (OR 1.60; IC95% 1.32-1.95), trabajar en la seguridad social (OR 1.53; IC95% 1.13-2.07), ser personal de enfermería (OR 1.46; IC95% 1.22-1.74), contar con elementos de protección personal (OR 0.33; IC95% 0.18-0.62), compartir con otros trabajadores espacios comunes sin protección (OR 1.98; IC95% 1.60-2.44), convivir con personas confirmadas o sospechadas de COVID-19 (OR 1.69; IC95% 1.37-2.09), compartir infusiones u otras bebidas y/o alimentos con personas de la comunidad (OR 1.31; IC95% 1.02-1.70), sentirse angustiado (OR 1.85; IC95% 1.55-2.21) se asociaron independientemente con el riesgo de adquirir COVID-19. Discusión: Este estudio permitió identificar distintos factores potencialmente modificables, sobre los cuales se debería actuar para reducir el riesgo de COVID-19 en el personal sanitario.

Abstract Background: Although healthcare personnel are considered a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their exposure, research on the factors associated with their infection is limited. The objec tive was to identify factors associated with the acquisition of COVID-19 in healthcare personnel. Methods: a multicenter, cross-sectional study with nested cases and controls was carried out in 23 hospitals in Argentina. A structured survey was used to collect demographic, institutional and behavioral variables from healthcare personnel with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2 (cases) and healthcare personnel with negative test results (controls). Those variables significantly associated with the condition of having had COVID-19 in the bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 2088 workers participated in the study, with an incidence of 1.41 cases per 10 000 worker-hours (95%CI 1.35-1.48). Being male, (OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.32-1.95), working in social security, (OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.13-2.07), being nursing staff, (OR 1.46; 95%CI 1.22- 1.74), having personal protective equipment, (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.18-0.62), sharing unprotected common spaces with other workers, (OR 1.98; 95%CI 1. 60-2.44), living with people confirmed or suspected of COVID-19 (OR 1.69; 95%CI 1.37-2.09), sharing infusions or other drinks and/or food with people in the community (OR 1.31; 95%CI 1.02-1.70), feeling distressed (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.55-2.21) and were independently associated with the risk of acquiring COVID-19. Discussion: This study allowed us to identify different potentially modifiable fac tors on which action should be taken to reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19 by the healthcare personnel.

Percepción de la utilidad de los registros dentales como método de identificación humana en profesiones de alto riesgo: el caso de las personas investigadoras del OIJ / Perception of the usefulness of dental records as a method of human identification in high-risk professions: the case of the OIJ investigators

Resumen Introducción: Las personas que laboran en investigación criminal se exponen a un alto riesgo de sufrir lesiones o fallecer durante operaciones contra el crimen organizado que pueden provocar condiciones que dificulten su identificación por métodos convencionales. La presente investigación fue realizada en las personas investigadoras del Organismo de Investigación Judicial para establecer la percepción de la utilidad de los registros dentales como método de identificación y elaborar un formato único de información odontológica antemortem. Materiales y métodos: Un cuestionario piloto fue diseñado y aplicado a 10 personas para ser calibrado y validado. Posteriormente se generó un cuestionario electrónico final en la plataforma Google Forms que fue enviado vía correo electrónico institucional a la totalidad de personas investigadoras constituida por 1200 individuos, de los cuales 807 respondieron en el período del 21 de junio al 20 de julio de 2021. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante las distribuciones de frecuencia, cruce de variables, comparación de medias con base en el análisis de variancia. El nivel mínimo de confianza para las comparaciones fue del 95%. Resultados: El cuestionario fue realizado por 807 personas, 79% hombres y 21% mujeres. La edad promedio fue de 37,8 años (IC95%: 37,3 - 38,48) sin que se encontrara diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,419). El 80% labora en la Región Central del país, 78% indica que visitaron al odontólogo hace un año o menos y el 69% refiere que en algún momento les han tomado una radiografía panorámica, un 89% dice tener tratamientos dentales como coronas, puentes o implantes; y el 88% considera de gran utilidad los registros dentales como método de identificación, y lo ubican en tercer lugar de conocimiento (95,5%) al compararlo con ADN (99,6%) y dactiloscopia (98,7%). Conclusiones: Las personas investigadoras del Organismo de Investigación Judicial consideran que los registros odontológicos son útiles en la identificación de seres humanos y cuentan con información antemortem útil para dicho efecto.

Abstract Introduction: People who work in criminal investigations are exposed to a high risk of suffering injuries or dying during operations against organized crime that can cause conditions that make identification difficult by conventional methods. This research was carried out in the investigators of the Organismo de Investigación Judicial (Judicial Investigation Agency) to establish the perception of the usefulness of dental records as a method of identification and to elaborate a unique format of dental information antemortem. Materials and methods: A pilot questionnaire was designed and applied to 10 people to be calibrated and validated. Subsequently, a final electronic questionnaire was generated on the Google Forms platform that was sent via institutional email to all the investigators consisting of 1200 individuals, of which 807 responded in the period of the June 21 to July 20, 2021. The results were analyzed by frequency distributions, crossing of variables, comparison of means based on the analysis of variance. The minimum confidence level for comparisons was 95%. Results: The questionnaire was conducted by 807 people, 79% men and 21% women. The mean age was 37.8 years (95% CI: 37.3 - 38.48) with no statistically significant difference (p=0.419), 80% work in the Central Region of the country, 78% indicate that they visited the dentist a year or less ago and 69% report that at some point they have taken a panoramic X-ray, 89% say they have dental treatments such as crowns, bridges or implants; and 88% consider dental records as a method of identification very useful, and place it in third place in knowledge (95.5%) when compared with DNA (99.6%) and dactyloscopy (98.7%). Conclusions: The investigators of the Judicial Investigation Agency consider that dental records are useful in the identification of human beings and have useful antemortem information for this purpose.

Case-control study of female breast cancer and occupational risk factors based on lasso logistic regression in Beijing / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To understand the relationship between female breast cancer and occupational risk factors in Beijing, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention strategies and measures. Methods: From June to December 2019, A 1: 1 case-control study was adopted, eight medical institutions in Beijing were selected as the research objects. Patients with breast cancer diagnosed by medical institutions were selected as case group and non breast cancer patients in the same medical institution as control group. A total of 973 subjects were included, including 495 in the case group and 478 in the control group. A one-to-one survey was conducted using a questionnaire uniformly compiled by the Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The survey content mainly includes basic demographic characteristics and occupational risk factors. The Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) was used to investigate the corresponding methods, including two aspects: positive coping and negative coping. First, chi square test or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for univariate analysis. Then Lasso regression was used to screen the risk factors of breast cancer. Finally, the risk factors were screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Education lovel was 49.64%, body mass index (BMI) was 18.4~23.9 kg/m(2), accounting for 48.82%, marital status ws 84.48%. Compared with no night shift history, there was a significant increase in risk of breast cancer at night shift history (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.25~2.30, P<0.05) . Compared with most of the sitting posture and sometimes standing, the risk of breast cancer was increased, and the difference was statistically significant (OR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.40~2.90, P<0.05) . Conclusion: In the occupation risk factors, night shift work and working posture are related to the incidence of breast cancer in women, establishing a good schedule and avoiding long standing can effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of breast cancer.

Percepção de risco de adoecimento por COVID-19 entre trabalhadores de unidades de saúde / Risk perception of contracting COVID-19 among healthcare workers / Risk perceptipon of contracting COVID-19 among healthcare workers

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a validade dimensional da escala de percepção de risco de adoecimento por COVID-19 e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e com queixas de sono, entre trabalhadores da saúde. Métodos: estudo seccional, com trabalhadores da saúde do Rio de Janeiro que, entre maio e agosto de 2020, preencheram questionário online sobre seu trabalho, percepção de risco de adoecimento por COVID-19 e comportamentos de saúde. Utilizou-se análise fatorial e modelos de regressão logística binomial e multinomial, ajustados por variáveis de confusão. Resultados: participaram 2.996 trabalhadores. A análise fatorial corroborou a unidimensionalidade da escala. Chances mais elevadas de alta percepção de risco foram observadas entre mulheres, os que cuidavam de crianças/idosos, aqueles com jornada de trabalho > 40h/semana e trabalhadores das Unidades Básicas de Saúde, Unidades de Pronto Atendimento, hospitais gerais e especializados. A alta percepção de risco associou-se à alteração na duração do sono (OR = 2,39; IC95% = 1,95; 2,94), uso (OR = 2,08; IC95% = 1,67; 2,58) e aumento da dose de medicamentos para dormir (OR = 1,91; IC95% = 1,47; 2,48). Conclusão: a percepção de risco esteve associada ao sexo feminino, cuidar de crianças/idosos, maior jornada de trabalho, queixas de sono e uso de medicamentos para dormir. A investigação dos fatores associados a eventos estressantes, como a pandemia da COVID-19, pode corroborar o planejamento de ações para a prevenção de doenças entre trabalhadores de saúde.

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the dimensional validity of the perception scale of the risk of contracting COVID-19 and its association with sociodemographic and occupational factors, as well as with sleep complaints, among healthcare workers. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out between May and August 2020, involving healthcare workers from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They filled in an online questionnaire regarding their work activities, risk perception of contracting COVID-19, and health behavior. We used factor analysis and binomial and multinomial regression models, adjusted for confounders. Results: 2,996 workers participated. Factor analysis confirmed the scale unidimensionality. Greater chances of high-risk perception were reported by: women; caretakers of children/elderly; those with a work journey of more than 40h/week; workers from primary health care and emergency units, and from general and specialized hospitals. High risk perception was associated with altered sleep duration (OR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.95; 2.94), use (OR = 2.08; 95%CI = 1.67; 2.58) and increased dose of sleep medications (OR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.47; 2.48). Conclusion: the risk perception was associated with women, caretakers of children/elderly, longer working hours, sleep complaints, and use of sleeping pills. Investigating factors associated with stressful events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can support actions planning aimed at preventing diseases among healthcare workers.

Percepción de la utilidad de los registros dentales como método de identificación humana en profesiones de alto riesgo: el caso de Bomberos de Costa Rica / Perception of the usefulness of dental records as a method of human identification in high-risk professions: the case of the Costa Rican firefighters

Resumen Introducción: Las profesiones de alto riesgo como bomberos, rescatistas, policía, paramédicos yaquellas donde existe alta exposición al peligrodurante rescates o intervenciones constituyen poblaciones que requieren adecuada información antemortem con fines de identificación. La presente investigación estableció la percepción de la utilidad de los registros dentales como método de identificación y la presencia de tratamientos dentales del personal de Bomberos de Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos: Se elaboró un cuestionario piloto y se envió a la Dirección General de Bomberos de Costa Rica donde se realizaron observaciones, posteriormente fue calibrado por la experta en estadística. Mediante la plataforma Google Docsfue enviado víacorreo electrónico institucional al personal operativo de Bomberos de Costa Rica. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante las distribuciones de frecuencia, cruce de variables, comparación de medias con base en el análisis de variancia. El nivel mínimo de confianza para las comparaciones fue del 95%. Resultados: El cuestionario fue enviado a un total de 2006 bomberos (personal permanentey voluntario), de los cuales 757 completaron el cuestionario. El 85%de los participantes considera que su profesión tiene un riesgo alto o muy alto, el método de identificaciónmás conocido es el ADN, seguido de la dactiloscopia y luego la identificación odontológica. El 66.7% de los participantes considera que la odontología es útil como método de identificación en bomberos, 58% indica que visitaron al odontólogo hace un año o menos; y 75% en los últimos dos años; no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa por grupo de edad (p=0,400). Conclusiones: el personal de Bomberos de Costa Rica considera que los registros dentales son útiles en la identificación de seres humanos y acuden regularmente a consulta odontológica.

Abstract Introduction: High-risk professions such as firefighters, rescuers, police, paramedics, and those where there is high exposure to danger during rescues or interventions constitute populations that require adequate antemortem information for identification purposes. The present investigation established the perception of the usefulness of dental records as an identification method and the presence of dental treatments of the Costa Rican Fire Department personnel. Materials and methods: A pilot questionnaire was prepared and sent to the General Directorate of Firefighters of Costa Rica where observations were made, later it was calibrated by the statistical expert. Through the Google Docs platform, it was sent via institutional email to the operational personnel of the Costa Rican Fire Department. The results were analyzed through the frequency distributions, crossing of variables, comparison of means based on the analysis of variance. The minimum level of confidence for the comparisons was 95%. Results: The questionnaire was sent to a total of 2006 firefighters (permanent and voluntary personnel), of which 757 completed the questionnaire. 85% of the participants consider that their profession has a high or very high risk, the best-known identification method is DNA, followed by fingerprints and then dental identification. 66.7% of the participants consider that dentistry is useful as an identification method in firefighters, 58% indicate that they visited the dentist a year ago or less; and 75% in the last two years; no statistically significant difference was found by age group (p = 0.400). Conclusions: The Costa Rican Fire Department personnel consider that dental records are useful in the identification of human beings and they regularly attend dental appointments that include dental x-rays.

Coping Resiliente e Burnout em assistentes sociais da saúde na primeira vaga da Pandemia COVID-19 em Portugal e Espanha / Resilient Coping and Burnout in Healthcare Social Workers during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal and Spain

Os assistentes sociais na área da saúde enfrentaram um exigente desafio profissional durante a Pandemia de COVID-19 que teve repercussões multidimensionais. Os estudos com profissionais de saúde sobre Burnout e estratégias resilientes têm sido considerados relevantes e ganharam especial atenção pela sua posição na resposta à Pandemia. Aqui evidenciamos os riscos de Burnout e a potencial proteção do coping numa profissão que estabelece mediações na dimensão social da saúde e da doença. Tivemos como objetivo compreender o seu impacto nos assistentes sociais que trabalharam na área da saúde em Portugal e Espanha durante a primeira vaga, analisando os níveis de coping resiliente e de Burnout. Participaram 336 assistentes sociais de Portugal (n = 252) e de Espanha (n = 84). Apesar da percepção elevada de stressores multidimensionais (a nível pessoal, relacional, profissional e organizacional), os riscos de Burnout foram moderados a baixos. A predisposição para o burnout por despersonalização foi residual (1,8%), mas por baixa realização pessoal (18,8%) e por exaustão emocional (21,4%) foram mais elevados, no entanto a maioria não evidenciou risco de Burnout. Os níveis de coping resiliente apresentados perante a pandemia COVID-19 foram baixos (47%) ou moderados (29,8%), havendo 23,2% com níveis elevados. A agregação de Burnout e coping em três perfis de risco revela diferenças na percepção do receio de implicações em trabalhar com doentes, ao impacte sentido no trabalho e no apoio sentido na unidade de saúde. Devem ser promovidas estratégias de suporte e de resiliência que favoreçam o bem-estar psicossocial e profissional dos assistentes sociais na área da saúde, especialmente em emergência.

Healthcare social workers faced a demanding professional challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic, which had multidimensional repercussions. Studies with health professionals concerning Burnout and resilience strategies have been considered relevant and gained special attention for their position in the response to the pandemic. Here we highlight the risks of Burnout and the potential protection of coping strategies in a profession that mediates the social dimension of health and disease. We aimed to understand their impact on social workers who worked in the health field in Portugal and Spain during the first wave, analyzing the levels of resilience and burnout. 336 social workers from Portugal (n = 252) and Spain (n = 84) participated. Despite the high perception of multidimensional stressors (at a personal, relational, professional, and organizational level), burnout risks were moderate to low. The predisposition to burnout due to depersonalization was residual (1.8%), but that due to low personal accomplishment (18.8%) and emotional exhaustion (21.4%) were higher; however, the majority did not show any risk of Burnout. The levels of resilience demonstrated facing the COVID-19 Pandemic were low (47%) or moderate (29.8%), with 23.2% at high levels. The aggregation of Burnout and coping strategies into three risk profiles reveals differences in the perception of fear of implications in working with patients, the impact felt at work, and the support felt at the health unit. Support and resilience strategies that favor the psychosocial and professional well-being of healthcare social workers must be promoted, especially in emergencies.

Riesgo biomecánico por carga estática y morbilidad sentida en docentes universitarios, Medellín 2018 / Biomechanical Risk Due to Static Load and Morbidity Felt in University Teachers, Medellín 2018 / Risco biomecânico por carga estática e morbidade sentida em docentes universitários, Medellín 2018

Resumen Introducción: Los desórdenes musculoesqueléticos son la principal causa de ausentismo laboral, debido a factores biomecánicos por posturas mantenidas e inadecuadas. Además, existe una alta prevalencia de morbilidad sentida que afecta las condiciones laborales, por lo que es necesario estudiar dichas condiciones y sus componentes en la población de docentes universitarios, conociendo las posiciones que adoptan y sus características durante su jornada laboral. Materiales y métodos: Se condujo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, que incluyó a 70 docentes universitarios de medio tiempo y tiempo completo, quienes desempeñan funciones administrativas, de clase magistral o clase práctica. Se evaluó la percepción de morbilidad sentida con el Cuestionario Nórdico modificado, y el riesgo biomecánico por medio del método Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Se realizó análisis uni, bi y multivariado para las variables del estudio. Resultados: El riesgo biomecánico según el REBA de esta población fue medio para el 64,7 %. Se encontró que 7 de cada 10 docentes reportaron alguna condición de morbilidad, siendo más prevalente en las zonas de cuello, hombro y zona lumbar. Conclusión: El 68,5 % de los docentes universitarios participantes refieren algún tipo de morbilidad sentida (sintomatologia musculoesquelética) y, en el nivel de riesgo biomecánico, se encuentra una mayor proporción en riesgo medio y alto. Esto sugiere que se debe implementar de manera inmediata una intervención en los docentes y en sus puestos de trabajo, con el fin de mejorar su desempeño laboral y su bienestar.

Abstract Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are the principal cause of absenteeism, due to biomechanical factors such as inadequate and static prolonged postures. Also exists a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms that affect work conditions; based on that is necessary to study these conditions and its components in the university teacher's community, taking care of adopted postures while working. Materials and methods: A descriptive, transversal study was conducted, which involved 70 university teachers with full time and part-time jobs, who perform administrative functions, master classes, or practical classes. The perception of musculoskeletal symptoms was assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the biomechanical risk, using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment method (REBA). The study took place at a university of Medellin (Colombia); researchers used a bi and multivariate analysis for the variables of the study. Results: The biomechanical risk was on medium level for the 64.7 % of this community. Results showed that 7 of 10 professors reported any skeletal muscle symptoms with a prevalence in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar zone. Conclusion: The percentage of teachers who referred to musculoskeletal symptoms was 68,5 %; the level of biomechanical risk has a higher ratio from medium to high, which suggest the necessity of immediately incorporating interventions for teachers and their work stations, which will improve their job performance and wellness.

Resumo Introdução: As desordens musculoesqueléticas são a principal causa de absentismo laboral, devido a fatores biomecánicos por posturas mantidas e inadequadas. Para além disso, existe uma alta prevalência de mor-bidade sentida que afeta as condições laborais, pelo que é necessário estudar ditas condições e seus componentes na população de docentes universitários, conhecendo as posições que adotam e suas características durante seu horário de trabalho. Materiais e métodos: Conduzira-se um estudo descritivo transversal, que incluiu a 70 docentes universitários de tempo parcial e tempo completo, quem desempenham funções administrativas, de aula magistral ou aula prática. Avaliou-se a percepção de morbidade sentida com o Questionário Nórdico modificado, e o risco biomecânico através do método Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Realizou-se uma análise uni, bi e multivariada para as variáveis do estudo. Resultados: o risco biomecánico segundo o REBA desta população foi meio para o 64,7 %. Encontrou-se que 7 de cada 10 docentes reportaram alguma condição de morbidade sendo mais prevalente nas zonas do pescoço, ombro, e zona lombar. Conclusões: O 68,5 % dos docentes universitários participantes referem algum tipo de morbidade sentida (sintomatologia musculoesquelética) e, no nível de risco biomecánico, se encontra uma maior proporção em risco meio e alto. Isto sugere que se deve implementar de maneira imediata uma intervenção nos docentes e em seus lugares de trabalho, com o objetivo de melhorar seu desempenho laboral e seu bem-estar.

"Aqui tem que ter atividade mesmo, nesse trabalho tem que ser ligado": riscos, implicações e estratégias de defesa para a saúde de coletores de lixo domiciliar / Here you really have to be active, in this work you have to be alert”: risks, implications, and defense strategies for the health of garbage collectors / Aquí hay que tener actividad sí, a este trabajo hay que estar atento: riegos, implicaciones y estrategias de defensa para la salud de basureros

Este artigo investiga os diferentes riscos, suas consequências para a saúde e as estratégias de defesa desenvolvidas pelos coletores de lixo domiciliar de uma cidade do Nordeste brasileiro. Utilizamos como referencial teórico a Psicodinâmica do trabalho, especialmente a reflexão sobre riscos, perigo e estratégias defensivas. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 trabalhadores do sexo masculino. Para a análise dos dados, optamos pela análise de conteúdo temática. Evidenciou-se que a intensa exposição a riscos traz consequências à saúde desses trabalhadores e grande parte delas decorre das condições de trabalho e do acondicionamento inadequado do lixo por parte da população. A relação desses trabalhadores com os riscos é mediada pela utilização de estratégias defensivas que, apesar de atenuarem o sofrimento, pouco contribuem para transformar positivamente as situações de trabalho.

This article investigates the different risks, their health consequences, and the defense strategies developed by the garbage collectors of a city in the northeast of Brazil fordealing with this situation. We use as our theoretical reference the Psychodynamics of Work, especially the reflection on risks, danger, and defensive strategies. We conducted semistructured interviews with 13 male workers. For data analysis, we opted for thematic content analysis. It has been shown that the intense exposure to risks has consequences for the health of these workers, most of which result from poor working conditions and inadequate packaging of garbage by the population. The relation of these workers to suchrisks is mediated by the use of defensive strategies that, although theymitigate suffering, do little to positively transform their work situations.

Este artículo investiga los diferentes riesgos, sus consecuencias para la salud y las estrategias de defensa desarrolladas por los basureros de una ciudad del nordeste brasileño, para lidiar con esa situación. Utilizamos como referencial teórico la Psicodinámica del Trabajo, especialmente la reflexión sobre riesgos, peligro y estrategias defensivas. Realizamos entrevistas semi estructuradas con 13 trabajadores de sexo masculino. Para el análisis de los datos, optamos por el análisis de contenido temático. Se evidenció que la intensa exposición a riesgos trae consecuencias a la salud de estos trabajadores y gran parte de ellas derivan de las condiciones de trabajo y del acondicionamiento inadecuado de labasura por parte de la población. La relación de estos trabajadores con los riesgos es mediada por la utilización de estrategias defensivas que, a pesar de atenuar el sufrimiento, poco contribuyen a transformar positivamente las situaciones de trabajo.

Workers' perception of hazards on recycling sorting facilities in São Paulo, Brazil / Percepção dos trabalhadores quanto aos perigos em centrais de triagem de recicláveis em São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract The paper discusses views, perceptions, experiences, knowledge and behaviors related to occupational risks among recycling workers. Data collection involved field observation and two focus groups in each site. Narratives were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes. Findings are presented according to the following topics: economic and environmental value of recycling; aspects of employment in the cooperative system; occupational hazards; and suggestions of improvements. Municipal programs of selective collection, as implemented in most Brazilian municipalities, still need improvements to achieve their goals and objectives. We learned that organizing recycling workers in cooperatives, despite its broad acceptance as a replacement to informal garbage collection in streets and landfills, only brought small progress regarding the safety and quality of life of cooperative workers. Recycling workers noticed the existence of workplace hazards, but seemed resigned to the situation, considered them as part of the job and did not communicate their needs to supervisors. They ignored the existence of some measures to prevent hazards and sometimes even created work practices and alternatives that endangered their own health.

Resumo O artigo discute pontos de vista, percepções, experiências, conhecimentos e comportamentos relacionados aos riscos ocupacionais entre os trabalhadores de reciclagem. Coleta de dados envolveu observação de campo e dois grupos focais em cada unidade. Narrativas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas por temas. Resultados são apresentados de acordo com os seguintes tópicos: valor econômico e ambiental da reciclagem; aspectos do sistema cooperativista; riscos ocupacionais e sugestões de melhorias. Programas municipais de coleta seletiva, tal como implantados na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, ainda precisam de melhorias para atingir suas metas e objetivos. Aprendemos que a organização de trabalhadores da reciclagem em cooperativas, apesar de sua ampla aceitação como um substituto para a coleta de lixo informal nas ruas e aterros, trouxe pouco progresso em relação à segurança e qualidade de vida dos cooperados. Os trabalhadores notaram a existência de riscos no local de trabalho, mas parecem resignados com a situação, consideram como parte do trabalho e não comunicam as suas necessidades aos supervisores. Eles ignoraram a existência de algumas medidas para evitar riscos e, por vezes, até criam práticas de trabalho e alternativas que colocam em perigo a própria saúde.

Mediating effect of resilience on nursing occupational risk and job performance in nurses / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To analyze Nursing Occupational Risk, the relationship between resilience and job performance, and investigate the mediating effects of resilience on Nursing Occupational Risk and job performance.@*Methods@#406 nurses from33 clinical departments of Chengdu first-class hospital were recruited by randomsampling method. Thier Nursing Occupational Risk, resilience and job performance were interviewed by nursing occupational risk assessment questionnaire, the Scale of medical staff resilience and the job performance questionnaire, and analyze the relationship between variables.@*Results@#The clinical nurses＇ resilience is 82.98±10.05, the clinical nurses' job performance is 145.79±23.55; here was a positive correlation between clinical nurses' resilience and job performance (P<0.05) ; three variable of resilience can explain 33.2% of the variation of clinical nurses job performance; in the highest the Nursing Occupational risk, resilience served to mediate the relationship between Nursing Occupational Risk and job performance, which was 56.77% of the total effect respective.@*Conclusion@#resilience are closely related to job performance. Resilience plays mediating role in the relationships between Nursing Occupational Risk and job performance, three dimensions of resilience can predict nurses' job performance. Improving the resilience of nurses can effectively improve their job performance.

Presenteísmo na enfermagem: repercussões para a saúde do trabalhador e a segurança do paciente / Nursing presenteeism: repercussions on workers' health and patient safety / Presentismo en la enfermería: repercusiones para la salud del trabajador y la seguridad del paciente

Objetivo: analisar as repercussões do presenteísmo para o processo de trabalho da enfermagem em hospital de ensino. Método: qualitativo, descritivo, tendo como campo um hospital universitário situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada com 39 trabalhadores de enfermagem, em 2014. Projeto aprovado em comitê de ética. Aplicada a análise de conteúdo aos depoimentos. Resultados: os problemas de saúde como os osteomusculares e respiratórios referidos pelos trabalhadores podem ser intensificados diante das exigências do trabalho no ambiente hospitalar. Há repercussões para o desempenho devido às limitações do trabalhador e à morosidade na realização de cuidados com sobrecarga da equipe, conflitos no relacionamento interpessoal e interferência na qualidade do serviço. Conclusão: há necessidade de uma politica institucional com vistas a minimizar a ocorrência do presenteísmo no trabalho e os prejuízos para o desempenho e a qualidade do serviço.

Objective: to examine the repercussions of presenteeism on the nursing work process in a teaching hospital. Methods: this qualitative, descriptive study, set in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro city in 2015, used a semi-structured interview technique with 39 nursing workers, and applied content analysis to their accounts. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: health problems, such as the osteomuscular and respiratory conditions reported by workers, can be intensified as a result of the demands of working in the hospital environment. There are repercussions on performance, because of workers' limitations and delays in performing care, resulting in team overload, interpersonal conflicts and interference in service quality. Conclusion: institutional policy is needed to minimize the occurrence of presenteeism at work and the harm it causes to service performance and quality.

Objetivo: analizar las repercusiones del presentismo en el proceso de trabajo de enfermería en un hospital escuela. Método: cualitativo, descriptivo, teniendo como campo un hospital universitario ubicado en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Se aplicó la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada con 39 trabajadores de enfermería en 2014. Proyecto aprobado por comité de ética. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido a las declaraciones. Resultados: los problemas de salud como los osteomusculares y respiratorios referidos por los trabajadores pueden intensificarse ante las demandas del trabajo en el ambiente hospitalario. Hay repercusiones en el rendimiento debido a las limitaciones del trabajador y a la lentitud en la realización de cuidados causando sobrecarga al equipo, conflictos en las relaciones interpersonales e interferencia en la calidad del servicio. Conclusión: es necesaria una política institucional para minimizar la ocurrencia de presentismo en el trabajo y los perjuicios al rendimiento y la calidad del servicio.

Percepción de riesgo de exposición ocupacional a sílice: construcción y validación de un cuestionario en Chile / Risk perception of occupational exposure to silica: construction and validation of a questionnaire in Chile

Resumen: Introducción: La silicosis es una enfermedad pulmonar progresiva, irreversible, pero potencialmente prevenible. Conocer la percepción de riesgo en trabajadores expuestos a sílice es necesario para intervenir y reducir la incidencia de silicosis y otras enfermedades relacionadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar un Cuestionario de Percepción de Riesgo de Exposición Ocupacional a Sílice (CuPREOS) en trabajadores expuestos, en distintas actividades laborales en Temuco, Chile. Material y método: Una etapa de exploración con enfoque fenomenológico/ naturalista permitió conformar categorías de primer y segundo orden, que concluyó en una primera versión del instrumento. Una segunda etapa incluyó análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Resultados: Se develaron dos dimensiones subyacentes: a) evidencia de riesgo, en la que el trabajador manifiesta evaluar señales de alarma y b) ausencia de riesgo, en la que sopesa aspectos que contrarrestan las anteriores. Ambas configuran la estructura conceptual que conforma el CuPREOS de 9 ítems/preguntas, con una confiabilidad de 0.84 (alfa Cronbach). Los indicadores del análisis confirmatorio revelan un buen ajuste del mode lo. Discusión: la percepción de riesgo es un constructo que involucra complejidades sociales y culturales, su medición debe ser sencilla y práctica; su conocimiento permitiría decisiones más efectivas en pre vención e intervención.

Abstract: Introduction: Silicosis is a progressive lung disease, irreversible, but potentially preventable. Knowing the perception of risk in workers exposed to silica is necessary to intervene and reduce the incidence of silicosis and other related diseases. The objective of this study was to validate a Questionnaire of risk perception of occupational expo sure to silica (CuPREOS) in exposed workers, in different work activities in Temuco, Chile. Material and method: A stage of explo ration with phenomenological/naturalist approach allowed to create categories of first and second order, which ended in a first version of the instrument. The second stage included exploratory and con firmatory factor analysis. Results: two underlying dimensions were revealed: a) evidence of risk, in which worker states to evaluate signals of alarm and b) absence of risk, in which he weighs aspects that counteract the previous ones. Both set up the conceptual frame work that sustain the CuPREOS of 9 items/questions, with a reliabil ity of 0.84 (Cronbach alfa). The confirmatory analysis indicators show a good fit of the model. Discussion: the perception of risk is a construct involving social and cultural complexities, its measurement should be simple and practical; its knowledge would enable more effective decision-making in prevention and intervention.

Cultura de saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores de um hospital privado / Culture of health and safety of employees of a private hospital / Cultura de salud y seguridad de los trabajadores de un hospital privado

Objetivo: identificar a percepção dos trabalhadores de um hospital acerca da cultura de saúde e segurança no trabalho. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, realizado em um hospital de médio porte, no interior de Goiás. O instrumento de coleta foi o Inventário de Clima Organizacional de Segurança. A coleta ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2016. A análise foi feita através do programa SPSS 20.0. Resultados: participaram do estudo 118 colaboradores, com média de vínculo com a instituição 2,93 anos. Predominantemente do gênero feminino e com idade média de 35 anos. Foi identificado média geral de 2,92 horas de capacitação. Com relação as dimensões do inventário, a equipe de enfermagem apresentou um escore satisfatório nos itens clima de segurança, segurança como valor organizacional e envolvimento pessoal com segurança, enquanto que, nessas mesmas dimensões, a equipe de apoio se caracterizou como indiferente. Na dimensão práticas organizacionais a equipe de enfermagem, mostrou-se indiferente enquanto que a equipe de apoio se apresentou insatisfeita Conclusão: evidenciou-se diferença no envolvimento da percepção da cultura de saúde e segurança no trabalho nesse hospital, ficando evidente a necessidade de capacitação adequada para as categorias que compõem o quadro de trabalhadores.

Objetive: to identify the perception of employees of a hospital about the culture of health and safety at work. Method: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out in a medium-size hospital in the interior of Goiás. The instrument of collection was the Organizational Safety Climate Inventory. The collection occurred in the first half of 2016. The analysis was done through the SPSS program 20.0. Results: 118 employees participated in the study, with an average of 2.93 years. Predominantly of the feminine gender and with average age of 35 years. A general average of 2.92 hours of training was identified. Regarding the dimensions of the instrument, the nursing team presented a satisfactory score in the items Safety Climate, Safety as organizational value and Personal Involvement with Safety, while, in those same dimensions, the support team was characterized as indifferent. In the Organizational Practices dimension, the Nursing Team was indifferent while the Support Team was dissatisfied. Conclusion: there was a difference the involvement perception of health and safety culture at work. Therefore, the need for adequate and uniform training for the categories that make up the workforce is evident.

Objetivo: identificar la percepción de los trabajadores de un hospital acerca de la cultura de salud y seguridad en el trabajo. Método: estudio descriptivo, transverso, cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital de mediano porte. El instrumento de recolección fue el Inventario de Clima Organizacional de Seguridad. El análisis fue realizado a través del programa SPSS 20.0. Resultados: participaron del estudio 118 colaboradores, con promedio de vínculo con la institución 2,93 años. Predominantemente del género femenino y con edad media de 35 años. Se identificó un promedio general de 2,92 horas de capacitación. Con respecto a las dimensiones del instrumento, el equipo de enfermería presentó una puntuación satisfactoria en los ítems Clima de Seguridad, Seguridad como valor organizacional y Participación Personal con Seguridad, mientras que, en esas mismas dimensiones, el equipo de apoyo se caracterizó como indiferente. En la dimensión Prácticas Organizacionales el Equipo de Enfermería se mostró indiferente mientras que el Equipo de Apoyo se presentó insatisfecho. Conclusión: se evidenció diferencia em la participación de la percepción de la cultura de salud y seguridad en el trabajo en esse hospital, quedando evidente la necesidad de capacitación adecuada para las categorías que componen el cuadro de trabajadores.

The effect of physicians' occupational risk cognition on defensive medical behavior in China / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of physician's occupational risk cogni-tion on defensive medical behavior. Methods:Semi-structured interview was applied for data collection from in-serv-ice doctors. A grounded theory was used to analyze and develop the relationship between physicians'occupational risk cognition and defensive medical behavior. Results:This study shows that the cognition of various occupational risks may lead to a series of psychological effects on doctors,such as mental stress,anxiety and depression,professional i-dentity decrease,fear of adventure and innovation,job enthusiasm decrease and probability of malpractice increase. Adverse defensive medical behaviors, such as ordering more tests, treatments and consultations, selective treatment of patients,shirking responsibility through informed consent, and favorable defensive medical behaviors, such as to improve service attitude,being more cautious during work and to improve professional skills,should be in response to occupational risks. Conclusions:Physicians'occupational risk cognition is the primary motivation of defensive medical behavior,and the relationship between physicians'occupational risk cognition and defensive medical behavior may al-so be mutually causal and effect.