Years of life lost by CNCD attributed to occupational hazards in Brazil: GBD 2016 study / Anos de vida perdidos por DCNT atribuídos aos riscos ocupacionais no Brasil: estudo GBD 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the years of life lost due to premature death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as a result of chronic noncommunicable diseases attributable to occupational hazard factors, and to compare their position according to the risk ranking for chronic noncommunicable diseases in 1990 and 2016. METHODS Data for the DALY indicator, estimated from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 (GBD 2016) study, were analyzed for noncommunicable chronic diseases attributable to occupational, and other risk factors, selected in Brazil. A descriptive analysis was performed comparing the proportion of DALY by sex and age group (15 to 49 and 50 to 69 years old), as well as the ranking of occupational hazard factors in 1990 and 2016. RESULTS In 2016, ergonomic risk factors, carcinogenic agents, and noise in the workplace were among the 25 largest contributors to DALY for chronic noncommunicable diseases affecting the age group between 15 and 49 years. The contribution of all occupational hazard factors increased in 2016, except for occupational aerodispersoids affecting men. Concerning the age group between 50 and 69, occupational carcinogens stand out, with an increase of 26.0% for men, and 17.1% for women in 2016. Risk factors evaluated according to their 1990 and 2016 ranking show that occupational hazards have all scored higher on the second evaluation (2016), especially when compared with other risks. CONCLUSIONS The global burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases attributed to occupational hazard factors has become increasingly important. We suggest the strengthening of the approach of occupational hazard factors in the agendas for tackling these diseases in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar anos de vida perdidos por morte prematura e por incapacidade ( disability-adjusted life years - DALY) em decorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atribuíveis a fatores de risco ocupacionais e comparar a posição desses fatores no ranking dos riscos para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em 1990 e 2016. MÉTODOS Os dados referentes ao indicador DALY, estimado no estudo de Carga Global de Doenças de 2016 (GBD 2016), foram analisados para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atribuíveis a fatores de risco ocupacionais e outros selecionados no Brasil. Realizou-se análise descritiva comparando a proporção de DALY por sexo e faixa etária (15 a 49 e 50 a 69 anos), além do ranqueamento de atribuição dos fatores de risco ocupacionais em 1990 e 2016. RESULTADOS Em 2016, fatores de risco ergonômicos, agentes carcinogênicos e ruído no ambiente laboral estiveram entre os 25 que mais contribuíram para os DALY por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na faixa etária de 15 a 49 anos. A contribuição de todos fatores de risco ocupacionais aumentou em 2016, exceto os aerodispersoides ocupacionais para os homens. Para a faixa etária de 50 a 69 anos, sobressaem os agentes carcinogênicos ocupacionais, com aumento de 26.0% para homens e 17.1% para mulheres em 2016. Comparando o ranqueamento de 1990 e 2016 dos fatores de risco avaliados, os ocupacionais ascenderam de posição, com destaque em relação aos demais. CONCLUSÕES A carga global de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atribuídas aos fatores de risco ocupacionais têm adquirido importância crescente. Sugere-se reforçar a abordagem dos fatores de risco ocupacionais nas agendas para enfrentamento dessas doenças no Brasil.

Analysis of silica dust detection results in workplace air of somewhere in enterprise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To understand the occupational hazard and distribution of silica dust (free SiO2≥10%) in the workplace environment of the enterprises in Fengxian District, and to provide scientific basis for improving the working environment and protecting the physical and mental health of the workers.@*Methods@#Individual sampling monitoring and on-site labor hygiene investigation were conducted on 421 workers involved in 87 silicon dust enterprises in the jurisdiction from 2014 to 2018, and measured concentration-time weighted average (CTWA) .@*Results@#The results showed that the range of the CTWA was (0.021~17.000) mg/m3, the median was 1.600 mg/m3, and the qualified rate of 30.88%. The difference of total dust concentration was statistically significant in different years (Z=38.831, P<0.05) . The qualified rate of small-scale enterprises is higher than that of medium-scale enterprises (χ2=9.472, P<0.05) . The qualified rate of other domestic enterprises is higher than that of private enterprises and foreign enterprises (χ2=10.089, P<0.05) . The acceptance rate of metal products manufacturing is lower than that of general equipment manufacturing and other manufacturing enterprises (χ2=64.626, P<0.05) . The qualification rate of natural ventilation is higher than that of mechanical ventilation (χ2=6.278, P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The enterprises involved in silicon production in Fengxian District need to further strengthen the production process reform and improve the ventilation and dust removal protection measures. Widely carry out the publicity of occupational disease prevention and control law, conduct targeted pre-job training, improve workers' awareness of self-protection, and protect the occupational health of workers in many ways.

Investigations on occupational hazards in a kitchen waste treatment plant / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To explore the distribution and intensity of kitchen waste treatment plant, providing scientific basis for occupational diseases prevention and treatment in that industry.@*Methods@#30 operating personnel in a kitchen waste disposal enterprise were selected as the research group and 16 non-operating personnel as the control group. The epidemiological survey was carried out in June 2015 and July 2016, and the results of occupational hazards and occupational health monitoring during 2015 to 2017 were analyzed.@*Results@#The results of various occupational hazards factors during 2015 to 2017 were all in accordance with the occupational health limit, but the results of occupational health examination were abnormal. The occupational correlation could not be ruled out by the abnormality of electrical audiometry, electrocardiogram and Department of Dermatology examination.@*Conclusion@#Workers in kitchen waste treatment plant are likely to suffer low-intensity, continuous health damage. There is occupational health risk in that industry. The accumulation of basic information and the improvement of relevant standards and methods are needed for further study.

Effects of shift work on hypertension among petrochemical production workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of shift work on hypertension in petrochemical production workers. METHODS: Totally 2573 workers were recruited from a petrochemical company by convenience sampling method. We collected the basic information of participants via questionnaire and made occupational physical examination in these subjects to evaluate the relationship shift work with hypertension. RESULTS: The results showed that the prevalence of hypertension in the present study was 15. 1%,and the shift workers were with significant higher prevalence compared with the non-shift workers( 15. 9% vs 10. 7%,P < 0. 05). The systolic blood pressure levels were significant higher in shift work group than that in non-shift work group [( 119. 8 ± 14. 9) vs( 116. 6 ± 13. 7) mmHg,P < 0. 01]. After adjusted for age,gender,education,body mass index,family history of hypertension,and other confounding factors,multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of hypertension in shift work group was 1. 49 times( 95% confidence interval was 1. 05-2. 12)than that of non-shift work group( P < 0. 05). By using stratified analysis by the duration of shift work in the shift workers,the risk of hypertension in the duration of 10-year and 20-year groups were higher than that of the duration less than 10-year group( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Shift work exposure increases the prevalence of hypertension by affecting systolic blood pressure,and this risk can be enhanced with increasing duration of shift work.

Association of occupational factors,dietary factors and metabolic syndrome in male rolling mill workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of exposure to occupational hazards,labor intensity,dietary factors and the metabolic syndrome( MS) in male rolling mill workers. METHODS: A total of 1 105 male workers in a rolling mill were studied as research objects by judgment sampling method. The basic information of the subjects was collected by questionnaire survey and health examination. The prevalence of MS was analyzed according to different individual characteristics of workers. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was conducted for analysis of the affecting factors of MS.RESULTS: The prevalence of MS in the subjects was 32. 5%( 359/1 105). The prevalence of MS in workers exposed to occupational hazards was higher than that in the control group( 33. 5% vs 20. 2%,P < 0. 05). The prevalence of MS increased with age( P < 0. 05),and decreased with the increase of labor intensity and family per capita monthly income( P < 0. 05). The prevalence of MS in smokers was higher than that in non-smokers( P < 0. 017),and the prevalence of MS in workers with animal dietary was higher than those with balanced dietary and with traditional dietary( P < 0. 017).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after the adjustment of confounding factors such as age,seniority,family per capita monthly income,smoking and drinking,MS risk in a single factor of carbon monoxide exposure group,high temperature combined with carbon monoxide exposure group and high temperature combined with noise exposure group were higher than that of the control group without exposure to occupational hazards respectively( P < 0. 05),and the ratio of the 95% confidence interval were 2. 246( 1. 097-4. 597),2. 581( 1. 308-5. 094) and 2. 435( 1. 281-4. 627). The risk of MS in workers with animal dietary was higher than that with traditional dietary( P < 0. 01),the odds ratio and 95%confidence interval was 1. 497( 1. 106-2. 025). The grade of MS was 24. 6% lower than the original labor intensity with each increasing grade of risk( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The animal dietary,increased labor intensity,exposure to carbon monoxide,high temperature combined with carbon monoxide and high temperature combined with noise can all increase the risk of MS.

Investigation and analysis on occupational hazards in a carbon enterprise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To explore occupational-disease-inductive in a carbon enterprise workplace and personnel occupational health examination, providing the basis for occupational disease prevention and control of the industry.@*Methods@#Field occupational health survey and inspection law were used to study the the situation and degree of occupational disease hazards in carbon enterprise from 2013 to 2015.Occupational health monitoring was used for workers, physical examination, detection of occupational hazard factors and physical examination results were analyzed comprehensive.@*Results@#Dust, coal tar pitch volatiles, and noise in carbon enterprise were more serious than others. Among them, the over standard rate of coal tar pitch volatiles was 76.67%, the maximum point detection was 1.06 mg/m3, and the maximum of the individual detection was 0.67 mg/m3. There was no statistical difference among the 3 years (P>0.05) . There were no significant differences in the incidence of occupation health examination, chest X-ray, skin audiometry, blood routine, blood pressure, electrocardiogram between 3 years (P>0.05) , in which the skin and audiometry abnormal rate was higher than 10% per year.@*Conclusion@#Dust, coal tar, and noise are the main occupational hazard factors of carbon enterprise, should strengthen the corresponding protection.